Geography Grade 12 P2 NSC November Mock 2026 Memo (English)

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 12 NSC Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P2 MOCK EXAMINATION 2026 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • For paragraph questions, assess the quality and relevance of the response (approximately EIGHT lines). • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Accept answers within the given ranges. SECTION A QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 1.1 1.1.1 Y (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 Z (1) 1.1.3 Y (1) 1.1.4 Z (1) 1.1.5 Z (1) 1.1.6 Y (1) 1.1.7 Z (1) 1.1.8 Y (1) 1.2 1.2.1 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 A (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 A (1) 1.2.5 A (1) 1.2.6 B (1) 1.2.7 B (1) 1.3.1 A decrease in the number of people living in rural areas, mainly due (1 x 2) (2) to people moving to urban areas (2) 1.3.2 Few jobs (1) (1 x 1) (1) Poor roads (1) Limited access to clinics/schools (1) [ANY ONE] 1.3.3 Ageing population/mostly elderly and children remain, with a (2 x 2) (4) shortage of labour (2) Farmland is abandoned, reducing food production (2) Schools and services close due to falling numbers (2) Families are split and depend on remittances and grants (2) [ANY TWO] 1.3.4 Improve rural infrastructure (roads, electricity, water) (2); build (4 x 2) (8) clinics and schools/improve services (2); support small-scale farmers with training, credit and markets (2); create rural jobs through agro-processing and tourism (2); promote land reform and rural development programmes (2); provide internet access/e-services (2) [ANY FOUR] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.1 An unplanned settlement of temporary structures built on land (1 x 2) (2) without legal ownership/permission, often without basic services (2) 1.4.2 2016 to 2021 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Rapid urbanisation/rural-urban migration (1) (2 x 1) (2) Shortage of affordable housing (1) Unemployment/poverty (1) Natural population growth (1) Slow delivery of housing by government (1) [ANY TWO] 1.4.4 Lack of basic services such as clean water, sanitation and (2 x 2) (4) electricity (2) Overcrowding leads to the spread of diseases (2) Fires spread easily between shacks (2) High crime rates/insecurity (2) Flooding on unsafe land (2) Long distances to work and services (2) [ANY TWO] 1.4.5 The land is cheaper/unused or unoccupied, and nobody claims it (2) (1 x 2) (2) Formal land in cities is too expensive (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.6 Provide basic services (water, toilets, electricity) (2) (2 x 2) (4) Upgrade settlements in situ/provide low-cost housing (2) Give residents title deeds/secure tenure (2) Relocate residents from unsafe land (2) Provide fire-fighting equipment and refuse removal (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.1 The movement of businesses/functions from the CBD to the (1 x 2) (2) outskirts of the city (2) 1.5.2 Commercial (shopping centre/decentralised business district) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Traffic congestion (1) (2 x 1) (2) Lack of parking (1) High land values/rent (1) Crime (1) Urban decay/pollution (1) [ANY TWO] 1.5.4 Easy access via the ring road (1) (2 x 1) (2) Ample parking (1) Close to residential suburbs (1) Safer, modern environment (1) Many shops in one place (1) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.5 Improve safety (CCTV, visible policing) (2); upgrade and maintain (4 x 2) (8) buildings and infrastructure (2); provide affordable parking and public transport (2); give tax incentives/lower rates to businesses (2); convert old buildings into residential apartments (2); create pedestrian malls, parks and cultural spaces (2); manage informal trading (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 2.1.1 Y (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Y (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Y (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Y (1) 2.1.8 Z (1) 2.2 2.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 B (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 B (1) 2.2.5 A (1) 2.2.6 B (1) 2.2.7 A (1) 2.3.1 When all people at all times have physical and economic access to (1 x 2) (2) sufficient, safe and nutritious food (2) 2.3.2 Drought reduced the maize harvest (1) (2 x 1) (2) Rising fuel costs (1) Rising electricity costs (1) [ANY TWO] 2.3.3 Free State (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 They spend a large part of their income on food, so price increases (2 x 2) (4) leave less money for other needs (2) They cannot afford nutritious food and buy cheaper, less healthy food (2) They have no savings to cope with price shocks (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.5 More frequent droughts/floods and higher temperatures reduce (1 x 2) (2) crop yields (2) Changing rainfall patterns make farming unpredictable (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.6 Plant drought-resistant crops/cultivars (2) (2 x 2) (4) Use water-efficient irrigation (drip irrigation) (2) Practise conservation agriculture/mulching (2) Harvest and store rainwater (2) Use weather forecasts and crop insurance (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.1 A geographically demarcated area that offers incentives (e.g. tax (1 x 2) (2) breaks) to attract investment in specific economic activities (2) 2.4.2 Musina-Makhado SEZ (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.3 Harbours allow easy import of raw materials and export of products (2 x 2) (4) (2) Lower transport costs for bulk goods (2) Access to international markets (2) Existing infrastructure (rail, road, port) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.4 Job creation (1) (2 x 1) (2) Skills development (1) Business opportunities for local suppliers (1) Improved infrastructure (1) [ANY TWO] 2.4.5 Large water use in a water-scarce area may reduce water for farms (2 x 2) (4) and communities (2) Burning coal causes air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (2) Mining and construction may destroy habitats and biodiversity in the Soutpansberg area (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.6 Use renewable energy/cleaner technology (2) (1 x 2) (2) Recycle water/use water-efficient processes (2) Carry out an environmental impact assessment and protect sensitive areas (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.1 Economic activities that are not registered, regulated or taxed by (1 x 2) (2) the government (2) 2.5.2 She lost her job at a factory (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 No shelter from the weather, so goods get damaged (2) (2 x 2) (4) No storage space for stock (2) No access to credit/bank loans to expand (2) Goods are confiscated because she has no permit (2) Income is irregular/no benefits (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.4 Provide trading stalls with shelter and storage (2); simplify and (4 x 2) (8) reduce the cost of trading permits (2); provide access to microloans/funding (2); offer business and financial training (2); designate safe trading areas at taxi ranks (2); provide water and sanitation at trading sites (2); stop confiscation and engage traders’ associations (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 1 146,7 m – 911 m (1) (2 x 1) (2) = 235,7 m (1) 3.1.3 L = 3,4 cm × 0,5 km = 1,7 km (1) (4 x 1) (4) B = 3,7 cm × 0,5 km = 1,85 km (1) Area = 1,7 × 1,85 (1) = 3,15 km2 (1) (range 3,1 – 3,2 km2 ) 3.1.4 VI = 988 − 957 = 31 m (1) (4 x 1) (4) HE = 10,9 cm × 100 = 1 090 m (1) (range 10,7 – 11,1 cm; 1 070 – 1 110 m) 31 Gradient = (1) (correct substitution) 1 090 = 1 : 35,2 (1) (range 1 : 34,5 – 1 : 35,8) 3.1.5 Gentle (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.1 Curvilinear (irregular) street pattern (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Reduces through traffic, making streets safer and quieter (2) (1 x 2) (2) Cul-de-sacs create privacy/community feeling (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.3 Away from residential areas because of bad smells (1) (2 x 1) (2) Health risks (1) Low-lying land allows waste to flow by gravity (1) Near a river/stream for discharging treated water (1) Cheaper land (1) [ANY TWO] 3.2.4 Industrial (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Railway line/siding for transport of goods (1) (2 x 1) (2) Close to the N1 main road (1) Flat land (1) Close to the town for labour and markets (1) Available space (1) [ANY TWO] 3.2.6 Commercial (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Orchards (1) (1 x 1) (1) Large cultivated lands (1) Irrigation furrows (1) Close to transport routes/markets (1) [ANY ONE] 3.2.8 Provides building materials/gravel for local construction and roads (1 x 2) (2) (2) Creates jobs and income for local people (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.2 Demarcating a zone/area of a specific distance around a feature (1 x 2) (2) (point, line or polygon) (2) 3.3.3 To keep residential development away from bad smells and health (1 x 2) (2) hazards (2) To protect the surrounding environment/water from contamination (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.4 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved