Geography Grade 12 P2 NSC November Mock 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 12 NSC Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P2 MOCK EXAMINATION 2026 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 15 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (60) QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the question paper. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 25 tons, 10 years, 50% and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map extract of 2329BB LOUIS TRICHARDT and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map extract of LOUIS TRICHARDT (on one A3 sheet) are used in this section. The map sheet is supplied with this mock as Geography P2 Mock 2026 Map (2329BB Louis Trichardt); it was first used in the 2024 Eastern Cape June examination. Ignore the letters and numbers printed on the maps unless a question refers to them. 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 1.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 A settlement where most people Y rural are involved in primary activities is Z urban a/an … settlement. 1.1.2 Farmsteads grouped closely Y dispersed together form a … settlement. Z nucleated 1.1.3 The area served by a settlement is Y sphere of its … Z influence threshold population 1.1.4 The minimum number of people Y range needed to support a service is the Z threshold … population 1.1.5 The movement of people from rural Y urbanisation areas to urban areas is … Z rural-urban migration 1.1.6 A push factor in rural areas is … Y a lack of Z employment better services 1.1.7 The site of a settlement refers to … Y its location relative Z to the surrounding area the actual land on which it is built 1.1.8 Settlements that develop along a Y linear road or river have a … pattern. Z round (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the urban land-use model below. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. 5 4 3 2 1 [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.2.1 The model shown above is the … model. A sector B multiple-nuclei C concentric zone D modern South African city 1.2.2 Zone 1 represents the … A central business district (CBD). B zone in transition. C high-income residential zone. D rural–urban fringe. 1.2.3 Zone 2 (zone in transition) is characterised by … A large, modern homes. B a mixture of land uses and urban decay. C farmland and smallholdings. D high-rise office blocks only. 1.2.4 Land values are highest in zone … A 1. B 2. C 4. D 5. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.5 High-income residents prefer zone 5 because of … and … (i) larger plots (ii) less pollution and noise (iii) cheaper transport costs (iv) closeness to industries A (i) and (ii) B (ii) and (iii) C (iii) and (iv) D (i) and (iv) 1.2.6 Zone 3 is most likely the … zone. A high-income residential B low-income residential C commuter D commercial 1.2.7 A limitation of this model is that it … A has too many zones. B assumes the land is flat with a single centre. (7 x 1) (7) C shows the CBD in the centre. D is based on land value. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the extract below on rural depopulation. EMPTY VILLAGES In many villages in the Eastern Cape and Limpopo, mostly elderly people and young children remain behind. Young adults leave for Gauteng and other cities in search of work, because there are few jobs, poor roads and limited access to clinics and schools in their villages. Fields that were once cultivated now lie unused, and some schools have closed because of falling learner numbers. Families depend on money sent home by relatives in the cities and on social grants. [Source: Examiner’s own extract] 1.3.1 Define the term rural depopulation. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Identify ONE push factor mentioned in the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Explain the negative impact of rural depopulation on the villages mentioned in the extract. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest sustainable strategies that the government could use to reduce rural depopulation. (4 x 2) (8) 1.4 Refer to the table below showing the number of households living in informal settlements in a fictional South African metropolitan municipality. Year 2011 2016 2021 2026 Households in informal settlements 82 000 96 500 118 000 131 200 [Source: Examiner’s own data] 1.4.1 Define the term informal settlement. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Between which two successive years did the number of households increase the most? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Give TWO reasons for the growth of informal settlements in South African cities. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Explain the challenges experienced by people living in informal settlements. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.5 Why are informal settlements often located on the periphery of cities or on unsafe land? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.6 Suggest how the municipality can improve living conditions in informal settlements. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the sketch below of a South African city showing decentralisation. city boundary X shopping mall, offices and parking ring road CBD residential suburbs [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.5.1 Define the term decentralisation. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Identify the type of land use at X. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Give TWO problems in the CBD that caused businesses to move to X. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 State TWO advantages of the location of X for shoppers. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest urban-renewal strategies that the municipality could use to attract businesses and people back to the CBD. (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 Mining and farming are activities in Y primary the … sector. Z tertiary 2.1.2 The processing of raw materials Y secondary into finished goods takes place in Z quaternary the … sector. 2.1.3 The total value of goods and Y GNP services produced within a country Z GDP in one year is the … 2.1.4 When all people at all times have Y food security access to sufficient, safe and Z food insecurity nutritious food, there is … 2.1.5 A … is a demarcated area with Y Special Economic special incentives to attract Z Zone investment. Spatial Development Initiative 2.1.6 Hawkers selling goods on the Y formal street form part of the … sector. Z informal 2.1.7 Farming mainly to feed the Y subsistence farmer’s family is … farming. Z commercial 2.1.8 Goods sold to other countries are Y imports … Z exports (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the graph below showing the approximate contribution of selected sectors to South Africa’s economy. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. 25 22 20 17 % contribution 15 13 13 10 9 6 5 5 3 3 2 0 ce nt nu Tr ad e fac an me Tr an tur ing Fin rn sp or t ve Pe rsona M ini ng ls er vic Go Co ns es Ma Ag tru ric cti on ult ur e El ec tric ity [Source: Adapted from Stats SA data (rounded)] 2.2.1 The sector that makes the largest contribution to the economy is … A manufacturing. B finance. C mining. D trade. 2.2.2 The combined contribution of the primary sector shown on the graph is … A 6%. B 9%. C 13%. D 19%. 2.2.3 Manufacturing is classified as a … activity. A primary B secondary C tertiary D quaternary Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.4 The tertiary sector dominates South Africa’s economy because … A the country has no minerals. B it is a developing economy with growing services such as finance and trade. C farming is not possible in South Africa. D manufacturing has stopped. 2.2.5 The contribution of mining has decreased over time because of … and … (i) depletion of easily accessible reserves (ii) rising production costs (iii) too many skilled workers (iv) an increase in mineral prices A (i) and (ii) B (ii) and (iv) C (iii) and (iv) D (i) and (iii) 2.2.6 Although agriculture contributes only about 3%, it is important because it … A employs few people. B provides food and raw materials and employs many rural people. C is the largest exporter. D uses no water. 2.2.7 The sector that provides the energy needed by all other sectors is … A electricity. B construction. (7 x 1) (7) C personal services. D government. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the extract below on food security. DROUGHT PUSHES UP FOOD PRICES A severe drought linked to El Niño reduced the summer maize harvest in the main maize-producing provinces. The price of white maize – the staple food of millions of South Africans – increased sharply. At the same time, rising fuel and electricity costs increased the cost of producing and transporting food. Poor households, which spend a large part of their income on food, were hit the hardest. [Source: Examiner’s own extract based on news reports] 2.3.1 Define the term food security. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 Identify TWO factors from the extract that increased food prices. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Name the province that is the largest producer of maize in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Explain why poor households are most affected by rising food prices. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Explain how climate change threatens food security in South Africa. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.6 Suggest strategies that farmers can use to reduce the impact of drought on food production. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4 Refer to the map below showing selected Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in South Africa, and the extract. Musina-Makhado Nkomazi O.R. Tambo Richards Bay Maluti-a-Phofung Dube TradePort Saldanha Bay East London Atlantis Coega The Musina-Makhado SEZ in Limpopo was planned to include an energy and metallurgical complex using coal mined in the area. Supporters say it will create thousands of jobs in a region with high unemployment. Environmental groups are concerned about the large amounts of water the project would need in a water-scarce area, air pollution, and the impact on the biodiversity of the nearby Soutpansberg mountains. [Source: Examiner’s own sketch and extract based on news reports] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4.1 Define the term Special Economic Zone (SEZ). (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the SEZ located in Limpopo. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Explain why many of the SEZs on the map are located at or near harbours. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 State TWO benefits that the Musina-Makhado SEZ could bring to local communities. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.5 Discuss the environmental concerns raised about the Musina-Makhado SEZ. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Suggest ONE way in which the SEZ could reduce its negative environmental impact. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the extract below on the informal sector. MAKING A LIVING ON THE STREET Thandeka sells fruit, airtime and snacks at a busy taxi rank. She started her business after losing her job at a factory. She has no shelter from the rain, no storage space and no access to a bank loan. Municipal officials sometimes confiscate her goods because she does not have a trading permit. Still, her income allows her to pay school fees for her two children. [Source: Examiner’s own extract] 2.5.1 Define the term informal sector. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 Why did Thandeka join the informal sector? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Explain the challenges that Thandeka faces as an informal trader. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest how the municipality and government can support informal traders such as Thandeka. (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON LOUIS TRICHARDT Louis Trichardt (Makhado) is a town in Limpopo at the foot of the Soutpansberg mountain range, on the N1 national road between Polokwane and Musina. It is the administrative centre of the Makhado Local Municipality. The area has a subtropical climate with summer rainfall, and farms in the area produce subtropical fruit, nuts and vegetables. Forestry plantations cover parts of the mountain slopes. [Adapted from various sources] 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 On the topographical map, 1 cm represents … on the ground. A 50 m B 500 m (1 x 1) (1) C 5 km D 50 km 3.1.2 Calculate the difference in height between trigonometrical station 185 in block C3 and spot height 911 in block E4 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Calculate the area (in km2 ) of block D2 on the topographical map. On the map, block D2 measures 3,4 cm from west to east and 3,7 cm from north to south. Use the formula: Area = Length (L) × Breadth (B) (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.4 Calculate the average gradient from spot height 988 in block E2 to spot height 957 in block E5 on the orthophoto map. Vertical Interval (VI) Use the formula: Gradient = (4 x 1) (4) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) 3.1.5 Is the gradient calculated in QUESTION 3.1.4 steep or gentle? (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Identify the street pattern in the residential area of Tshikota in block C3 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Give ONE advantage of the street pattern identified in QUESTION 3.2.1 for the residents. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 The sewerage works in block D4 is located on the edge of the town. Give TWO reasons for this location. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.4 Identify the land-use zone along the railway line in block D5 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Give TWO factors that favoured the location of this land-use zone in block D5. (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.2.6 Refer to blocks E3 and E4. Name the type of farming practised in this area (commercial or subsistence). (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map to support your answer to QUESTION 3.2.6. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.8 Refer to the excavation labelled O in block C2. Explain how this activity contributes to the local economy. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 The aerodrome labelled K in block D2 on the topographical map will be shown as a … feature in GIS. A point B line (1 x 1) (1) C polygon D raster 3.3.2 Define the term buffering. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Explain why a buffer zone should be created around the sewerage works in block D4. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 The orthophoto map is an example of a … photograph. A vertical aerial B low-oblique (1 x 1) (1) C high-oblique D ground-level [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved