Technical Sciences Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2025 QP (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2025 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours *JTSCE1* This question paper consists of 14 pages, including 2 data sheets. This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

2 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Write your FULL NAME and SURNAME in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER SHEET. 2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. You may use a non-programmable calculators. 4. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments. 5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 6. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. 7. Round off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places. 8. Give brief motivations, discussions et cetera where required. 9. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS. 10. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 3 QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.10) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.11 D. 1.1 The diagram below shows a stationary brick of mass 1 kg on a frictionless floor. The brick remains stationary when F1 and F2 are simultaneously applied to the brick. F1 1 kg F2 Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? A F1 = F2 B F1 = ½ F2 C F1 = 2 F2 D F1 < F2 (2) 1.2 Which ONE of the following is always in the same direction as the acceleration of a body? A Velocity B Rate of change of momentum C Momentum D Work done (2) 1.3 Two boxes R and Q of masses 15 kg and 30 kg respectively, rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. These boxes are then pulled with forces F R = 50 N and FQ = 100 N and they move to the direction of the applied forces. Q FR = 50 N R FQ = 100 N 30 kg 15 kg How does the inertia of box R compare to the inertia of box Q? A Inertia of box R = Inertia of box Q B Inertia of box R > Inertia of box Q C Inertia of box R < Inertia of box Q D Inertia of box R = 2 x Inertia of box Q (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

4 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) 1.4 A crane is moving a box to the right while it applies an upward force of 10 780 N over a height of 0,9 m. The mass of the box is 1 100 kg, as shown in the diagram below. Fa = 10 780 N Direction of motion 1 100 kg The amount of work done on the box by the applied force is … A 9 702 J. B 1 100 J. C 0 J. D 10 789 J. (2) 1.5 Consider the following statements regarding fluid pressure: (i) Fluid pressure is directly proportional to the depth (ii) Fluid pressure is independent of the size of shape of the container (iii) Fluid pressure is inversely proportional to the density of the fluid Which ONE of the following options is CORRECT regarding fluid pressure? A (ii) and (iii) B (i) and (iii) C (i), (ii) and (iii) D (i) and (ii) (2) 1.6 The CORRECT definition for power is: A The ratio of work done over a certain period of time. B No work is done when a force acts at right angles to the direction of motion. C The ability to do work. D The rate at which work is done. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 5 1.7 The minimum force that can be applied on a body so that the body regains its original form completely on removal of the force, is elastic limit. Which of the following word(s) is used INCORRECTLY in the above statement? A removal B minimum C elastic limit D original form (2) 1.8 40 GPa is equal to … A 4 x 1015 Pa. B 40 x 106 Pa. C 4 x 108 Pa. D 40 x 109 Pa. (2) 1.9 The equivalent unit to N.s is … A kg m.s-2 B m.s-2 C kg m.s-1 D m.s-1 (2) 1.10 Optical fibers are based on the phenomenon of … A diffraction. B dispersion. C interference. D total internal reflection. (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

6 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) QUESTION 2 2.1 The diagram below shows a 12 kg box moving at constant velocity to the east while three forces F1, F2 and F3 are simultaneously exerted on it. The surface is frictionless. F1 = 64 N F3 = 160 N 12 kg F2 2.1.1 State Newton’s First Law of Motion in words. (2) 2.1.2 What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the box? (1) 2.1.3 Calculate the magnitude of the F2 if Newton’s First Law is obeyed. (3) 2.2 A force (Fa) with a magnitude of 280 N is applied to push a block of mass 50 kg across a rough horizontal surface at an angle of 30º with the horizontal, as shown in the diagram below. Fa 30º 50 kg The coefficient of kinetic friction (μk) is 0,24. 2.2.1 Draw a labelled free-body diagram showing ALL the forces acting on the block. (4) 2.2.2 Calculate the magnitude of the kinetic frictional force experienced by the block. (4) 2.2.3 When the angle between the applied force and the horizontal is increased, the kinetic frictional force will decrease. Is the above statement TRUE or FALSE? (2) 2.2.4 Calculate the acceleration of the block. (4) 2.2.5 The same block of 50 kg now experiences a pulling force that has been halved. If everything else remains the same, how will it affect the magnitude of the normal force? Write only INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAINS THE SAME. (2) [22] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 7 QUESTION 3 3.1 A 10 kg block moving due east with a velocity of 8 m.s-1, and collides with a stationary 6 kg block. Immediately after the collision, the 10 kg block moves due west with a velocity of 0,50 m.s-1 and the 6 kg block move with a constant velocity due east, as shown in the diagram below. The collision is inelastic. BEFORE COLLISION AFTER COLLISION 8 m.s-1 0 m.s-1 0,5 m.s-1 10 kg 6 kg 10 kg 6 kg 3.1.1 Define the term momentum. (2) 3.1.2 Is momentum conserved in the above system? Yes or No. (1) 3.1.3 Calculate the velocity of the 6 kg block after collision. (4) 3.1.4 Name and state the law used in the calculation in QUESTION 3.1.3 above. (3) 3.2 A cricket ball of mass 0,29 kg is thrown to a batsman at a velocity of 24,69 m.s -1. The batsman hits the ball back towards the bowler at a velocity of 15,70 m.s-1. 3.2.1 Define the term impulse. (2) 3.2.2 What can be said about the relationship of the impulse and the velocity of the ball as it returns towards the bowler? Are these quantities DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL or INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL towards each other? (2) 3.2.3 The net force exerted by the ball on the bat decreases when the time of contact between the ball and the bat increases. Give a reason why this occurs. (2) 3.2.4 Calculate the net force exerted by the bat on the ball when the contact time between the bat and the ball is 0,007 s. (4) 3.2.5 What is the magnitude and direction of the net force exerted by the ball on the bat? (2) 3.2.6 Name and state the law used to answer QUESTION 3.2.5. (3) [25] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

8 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) QUESTION 4 4.1 A handyman is painting the roof of a house. As he is painting, he accidentally bumps the paint container with a mass of 5 kg at a height of 4 m above the ground. Assume that the system is isolated. 4.1.1 Define the term kinetic energy. (2) 4.1.2 State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy in words. (2) 4.1.3 Calculate the mechanical energy of the paint container at a height of 4 m above the ground. (3) 4.1.4 Calculate the velocity of the paint container at a height of 2 m above the ground. (4) 4.1.5 Give the magnitude of the paint container’s kinetic energy just before it hits the ground, without calculation. Give a reason for your answer. (3) 4.2 A gardener applies a force of 100 N to pull a crate with soil over a distance of 4,5 m. The total mass of the crate with soil is 60 kg. Ff = 20 N Fa = 100 N 4,5 m 4.2.1 Define the term work done. (2) 4.2.2 Calculate the amount of work done by friction. (3) 4.2.3 If the size of the angle between the applied force and the direction of motion is 90°, what will be the value for work done on the crate. (2) 4.2.4 Calculate the net work done on the crate and its contents. (4) [25] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 5 5.1 Explain what a perfect elastic body is. (2) 5.2 Define the term stress. (2) 5.3 The table below shows data of stress versus strain for Substance A and Substance B. SUBSTANCE A SUBSTANCE B Strain (x 10-2) Stress (x 109) Strain (x 10-2) Stress (x 109) 1 1,8 1,1 3,78 2 3,6 1,9 7,02 3 5,4 3 10,44 4 7,2 Answer the following questions using the above table of results. 5.3.1 Write down the relationship between stress and strain. (2) 5.3.2 Name the law that states the above relationship between stress and strain. (1) 5.3.3 Which ONE of the substances has the highest modulus of elasticity? Motivate your answer by means of calculations. (5) 5.4 The viscosity of three different substances at 25 °C are given in the table below. SUBSTANCES VISCOSITY (Pa.s) Vinegar 8,9 x 10-4 Ethanol 10,4 x 10-4 Motor oil SAE 10 650 x 10-4 5.4.1 Define viscosity. (2) 5.4.2 Which ONE of the above substances flows the fastest? Explain your answer. (2) 5.4.3 How does the increase in temperature affect the viscosity? (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

10 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) 5.5 A system of hydraulic brakes has the following measurements: x Area of piston A is 142 x 10-6 m2 x Area of piston B is 253,50 x 10-6 m2 The force that is applied on the brake pedal is 882,50 N. Brake pedal Piston A Brake pad Piston B 5.5.1 State Pascal’s Law in words. (2) 5.5.2 Calculate the force exerted by piston B on the brake pad. (4) 5.5.3 What would happen to the pressure on the brake if the area of piston B is increased? Write down only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAIN THE SAME. (1) 5.5.4 Write down TWO uses of hydraulic systems other than hydraulic brakes. (2) [27] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 11 QUESTION 6 A ray of light can undergo both reflection and refraction. 6.1 Define the term reflection of light. (2) 6.2 A light ray strikes the wall at an angle. Normal Incident ray Wall Redraw the above diagram and complete the diagram by showing the reflection of the light ray to the wall. Label ALL light rays and angles. (3) 6.3 The refractive index of four media A, B, C and D are given in the table below. Medium A B C D Refractive index 1,00 1,33 1,52 2,42 6.3.1 Define the term refractive index. (2) 6.3.2 Through which medium will light travel the fastest? (2) 6.3.3 Medium A is the most optically dense in the above table. State whether this statement is TRUE or FALSE. Give a reason for your answer. (3) 6.3.4 If the light ray exits medium C into medium D, will it refract TOWARDS or AWAY from the normal? Give a reason for your answer. (3) [15] Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

12 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) QUESTION 7 7.1 A light ray is used to determine the position and size of the image formed by a convex lens. 7.1.1 For which position of the object does a convex lens form a virtual and erect image? (2) 7.1.2 An object with size of 5 mm is placed, 14 mm in front of the convex lens. The lens has a focal length of 10 mm. Draw a ray diagram according to scale to show how the image is formed. (8) 7.1.3 Use the ray diagram to determine the position, size and nature of the image. (3) 7.2 Give THREE applications where convex lenses are used. (3) [16] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

(EC/JUNE 2025) TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 13 DATA FOR TECHNICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 1 GEGEWENS VIR TEGNIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 1 TABLE 1/TABEL 1 NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE Acceleration due to gravity g 9,8 m·s-2 Swaartekragversnelling Speed of light in a vacuum c 3,0 x 108 m·s-1 Spoed van lig in 'n vakuum Planck's constant h 6,63 x 10-34 J·s Planck se konstante Coulomb's constant k 9,0 x 109 N·m2·C-2 Coulomb se konstante Charge on electron -e -1,6 x 10-19 C Lading op elektron Electron mass me 9,11 x 10-31 kg Elektronmassa TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES FORCE/KRAG Fnet ma p mv fs max = μsN fk = μ k N Fnet Δt = Δp Fg mg Δp = mv f - mv i L e Torque = F x r ˔ MA = E I Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

14 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/JUNE 2025) WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT/GOLWE, KLANK EN LIG Speed/Spoed c=fλ Energy/Energie E = hf or/of hc E= λ WORK, ENERGY AND POWER/ARBEID, ENERGIE EN DRYWING W F 'x CosT U mgh or/of EP mgh Wnet 'K Wnet 'Ek or/of 1 1 K mv 2 Ek mv 2 2 or/of 2 'K K f  Ki or/of 'Ek Ekf  Eki 'Ek  'Ep W Wnc 'K  'U or/of Wnc P 't Pave = Fvave / Pgemid = Fvgemid ME = Ek + Ep ELASTICITY, VISCOSITY AND HYDRAULICS/ELASTISITEIT, VISKOSITEIT EN HIDROULIKA F V Δ" A ε L σ F1 F2 K ε A1 A2 Copyright reserved Please turn over This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.

This document was downloaded from www.ecexams.co.za.