Technical Sciences Grade 12 P1 2026 QP (Eng)

Prediction hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 12 NSC Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P1 PREDICTION EXAMINATION 2026 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 14 pages and 3 data sheets. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 2 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Write your centre number and examination number in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER BOOK. 2. This question paper consists of TEN questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, e.g. between QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2. 6. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments. 8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS. 9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. 10. Round off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places. 11. Give brief motivations, discussions, etc. where required. 12. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 3 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.11 D. 1.1 A tractor pulls a trailer along a level farm road. According to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, the reaction to the force that the tractor exerts on the trailer is the force that the … A trailer exerts on the tractor. B road exerts on the trailer. C Earth exerts on the trailer. D tractor exerts on the road. (2) 1.2 A crate is pulled across a ROUGH horizontal floor at a CONSTANT VELOCITY by a horizontal force F. Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? A F is greater than the kinetic frictional force acting on the crate. B The resultant force acting on the crate is zero. C The crate accelerates in the direction of F. D The normal force acting on the crate is greater than its weight. (2) 1.3 An egg that is dropped onto a thick cushion does not break, while an identical egg dropped from the same height onto a concrete floor breaks. Both eggs come to rest. Compared to the concrete floor, the cushion … A decreases the change in momentum of the egg. B increases the impulse on the egg. C increases the contact time, so the net force on the egg is smaller. D decreases the contact time, so the net force on the egg is smaller. (2) 1.4 A waiter carries a tray at a CONSTANT VELOCITY across a horizontal floor. The work done on the tray by the upward force that the waiter’s hand exerts on it is … A positive, because the tray moves forward. B negative, because the force acts opposite to the weight of the tray. C equal to the weight of the tray multiplied by the distance moved. D zero, because the force is perpendicular to the displacement. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 4 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction 1.5 Material X has a HIGHER Young’s modulus of elasticity than material Y. Identical rods made of X and Y are subjected to the SAME tensile stress. Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? A Rod X stretches more than rod Y. B Rod X experiences a smaller strain than rod Y. C Both rods experience the same strain. D Rod X is less stiff than rod Y. (2) 1.6 A multigrade motor oil is labelled SAE 10W-40. Which ONE of the following statements about this oil is CORRECT? A The letter W indicates the weight of the oil. B The viscosity of the oil increases as the engine warms up. C When cold, the oil flows like an SAE 10 oil and at the normal operating temperature of the engine it behaves like an SAE 40 oil. D The oil is only suitable for use in winter. (2) 1.7 The recommended pressure of a car tyre is 2,2 bar. This pressure is equal to … A 2,2× 102 Pa B 2,2× 103 Pa C 2,2× 104 Pa D 2,2× 105 Pa (2) 1.8 Which ONE of the following lists of electromagnetic radiation is arranged in order of INCREASING frequency? A Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light B Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light C Visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays D Microwaves, radio waves, visible light, gamma rays (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 5 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction 1.9 Two identical light bulbs are connected in parallel to a battery with negligible internal resistance, as shown below. A third identical light bulb is now connected in parallel with the other two bulbs. Which ONE of the following combinations CORRECTLY describes the effect on the total resistance of the circuit and on the current in the battery? TOTAL RESISTANCE CURRENT IN BATTERY A Increases Decreases B Increases Increases (2) C Decreases Decreases D Decreases Increases 1.10 A coil is connected to a galvanometer. When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil, the needle of the galvanometer deflects. The magnitude of the induced emf will INCREASE if the … A magnet is held stationary inside the coil. B number of turns on the coil is decreased. C magnet is pushed into the coil faster. D magnet is replaced with a weaker magnet. (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 6 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.) Two crates, A and B, of masses 60 kg and 40 kg respectively, are connected by a light, inextensible rope. A winch pulls the crates to the right across a ROUGH horizontal factory floor by means of a horizontal cable attached to crate B. The cable exerts a force F on crate B, as shown in the diagram below. The coefficient of kinetic friction between EACH crate and the floor is 0,25. winch A rope F B 60 kg 40 kg Initially the crates move to the right at a CONSTANT VELOCITY. 2.1 State Newton’s First Law of Motion in words. (2) 2.2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram showing ALL the forces acting on crate A. (4) 2.3 Calculate the magnitude of force F while the crates move at a constant velocity. (4) The winch now increases the force F to 375 N. 2.4 State Newton’s Second Law of Motion in words. (2) 2.5 Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the crates. (3) 2.6 Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the rope. (3) While F = 375 N, the rope between the crates suddenly breaks. 2.7 How will the magnitude of the acceleration of crate B change? Write down only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (1) 2.8 Explain the answer to QUESTION 2.7. (2) [21] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 7 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.) At an amusement park, bumper car P, with a total mass (car and driver) of 180 kg, moves at 4 m·s–1 east. It collides head-on with bumper car Q, with a total mass (car and driver) of 220 kg, which moves at 1,5 m·s–1 west, as shown below. Immediately after the collision, bumper car P moves at 1 m·s–1 west. Ignore the effects of friction and of the motors of the cars during the collision. E 4 m·s–1 1,5 m·s–1 P 180 kg Q 220 kg 3.1 State the principle of conservation of linear momentum in words. (2) 3.2 Calculate the velocity of bumper car Q immediately after the collision. (5) 3.3 Use a suitable calculation to determine whether the collision is ELASTIC or INELASTIC. (5) 3.4 Later, bumper car P moves at 3 m·s–1 east and collides with the rubber-lined barrier at the side of the arena. It rebounds at 1,2 m·s–1 west. The collision with the barrier lasts 0,25 s. 3.4.1 Define the term impulse in words. (2) 3.4.2 Calculate the magnitude of the average net force that the barrier exerts on bumper car P. (4) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 8 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.) 4.1 A shop worker pulls a loaded pallet jack across a horizontal floor by applying a constant force of 320 N to its handle. The handle makes an angle of 30◦ with the horizontal, as shown below. The pallet jack moves 15 m to the right. The kinetic frictional force acting on the pallet jack is 210 N. 320 N load 30◦ displacement = 15 m 4.1.1 Calculate the work done by the applied force on the pallet jack. (3) 4.1.2 Calculate the net work done on the pallet jack. (3) 4.1.3 Explain why the normal force does NO work on the pallet jack. (2) 4.2 A wrecking ball of mass 450 kg hangs from a steel cable of a demolition crane. The ball is pulled to one side and released from rest at point A, which is 2,8 m above its lowest point B, as shown below. Ignore air resistance and the mass of the cable. steel cable A 2,8 m B 4.2.1 State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy in words. (2) 4.2.2 Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the wrecking ball at point A, relative to point B. (3) 4.2.3 Calculate the speed of the wrecking ball at point B. (4) 4.3 The motor of the crane then lifts the 450 kg wrecking ball vertically upwards through a height of 9 m at a CONSTANT VELOCITY in 15 s. Calculate the average power delivered by the motor, in horsepower (hp). Take 1 hp = 746 W. (3) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 9 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.) 5.1 Define the term perfectly elastic body. (2) 5.2 A cylindrical metal tie-rod in the roof truss of a school workshop has an original length of 3,0 m and a diameter of 16 mm. When the rod carries a tensile load of 24 kN, it extends by 1,8 mm. The rod obeys Hooke’s law. The table below shows the Young’s modulus of elasticity of four metals. METAL YOUNG’S MODULUS (Pa) Aluminium 7,0× 1010 Copper 1,2× 1011 Steel 2,0× 1011 Tungsten 4,1× 1011 Calculate the: 5.2.1 Stress in the rod (4) 5.2.2 Strain in the rod (3) 5.2.3 Young’s modulus of the rod and hence identify the metal from which the rod is made. Choose from the table above. (3) [12] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 10 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.) A hydraulic press in a furniture factory presses glued layers of wood together to make plywood. The small (input) piston has a diameter of 3 cm and the large (output) piston has a diameter of 21 cm. A force of 180 N is applied to the small piston, as shown below. Ignore the masses of the pistons. fixed plate 180 N wood layers 3 cm 21 cm hydraulic oil small piston large piston 6.1 State Pascal’s law in words. (2) 6.2 Calculate the magnitude of the force that the large piston exerts on the wood layers. (4) 6.3 During a long shift, the hydraulic oil in the press becomes warm. How will the viscosity of the oil change? Write down only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (1) 6.4 Name ONE other application of Pascal’s law in technology. (1) [8] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 11 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.) 7.1 A ray of light travels from air into a rectangular glass block, as shown in the diagram below. PQ is a line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the glass block at point O. P 40◦ air O θ glass Q 7.1.1 Define the term refraction. (2) Write down the NAME of: 7.1.2 Line PQ (1) 7.1.3 Angle θ (1) 7.1.4 Write down TWO changes that occur to the light ray as it moves from air into the glass. (2) 7.2 Fibre-optic cables carry internet signals into homes. The diagram below shows a ray of light inside a straight glass fibre. The ray strikes the glass-air boundary at point X at an angle of incidence of 65◦ . The critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 41,1◦ . X air 65◦ glass 7.2.1 Define the term critical angle. (2) 7.2.2 Name the phenomenon that takes place at point X. (1) 7.2.3 Explain why the phenomenon named in QUESTION 7.2.2 takes place at point X. Refer to BOTH conditions for this phenomenon. (2) 7.3 When a narrow beam of white light passes through a triangular glass prism, a band of colours is seen on a screen. Name this phenomenon. (1) [12] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 12 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.) 8.1 Ultraviolet (UV-C) lamps are used to disinfect drinking water at a small water-treatment plant. The lamps emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm. Calculate the: 8.1.1 Frequency of this radiation (3) 8.1.2 Energy of ONE photon of this radiation (3) 8.2 A jeweller uses a lens to inspect a diamond. The diagram below shows the diamond (object) placed between the focal point, F, and the lens. lens object 2F F F 2F 8.2.1 Identify the type of lens shown in the diagram. (1) 8.2.2 Write down THREE properties of the image that is formed. (3) [10] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 13 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.) 9.1 A parallel-plate capacitor with air between its plates has a capacitance of 4,425× 10–10 F. The plates are 0,50 mm apart. The capacitor is connected to a 24 V battery and is fully charged, as shown below. 24 V C 9.1.1 Define the term capacitance. (2) 9.1.2 Calculate the area of EACH plate. (3) 9.1.3 Calculate the charge stored on EACH plate. (3) 9.1.4 The distance between the plates is now HALVED while the capacitor remains connected to the 24 V battery. Determine the new charge stored on EACH plate. (2) 9.2 A hot-water urn used in a school staffroom is rated 2 000 W; 230 V. 9.2.1 Calculate the current in the urn when it operates according to its rating. (3) 9.2.2 Calculate the resistance of the heating element. (3) 9.2.3 The urn is switched on for 3 hours per day for 30 days. Calculate the cost of using the urn during this period if electricity costs R3,40 per kWh. (3) [19] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 14 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page.) 10.1 The simplified diagram below represents a DC electric motor. coil S N brush X – + battery 10.1.1 Define the term electric motor. (2) 10.1.2 Name the part labelled X. (1) 10.1.3 State the function of part X. (2) 10.2 A pole-mounted transformer in a residential area is connected to an 11 kV supply line and provides a voltage of 230 V to homes. The primary coil of the transformer has 9 900 turns. 10.2.1 Is this a STEP-UP or a STEP-DOWN transformer? Give a reason for the answer. (2) 10.2.2 Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil. (3) [10] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved

Technical Sciences/P1 1 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction DATA FOR TECHNICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 1 TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS NAME SYMBOL VALUE Acceleration due to gravity g 9,8 m·s–2 Speed of light in a vacuum c 3,0× 108 m·s–1 Planck’s constant h 6,63× 10–34 J·s Electron mass me 9,11× 10–31 kg Permittivity of free space ε0 8,85× 10–12 F·m–1 TABLE 2: FORMULAE FORCE Fnet = ma p = mv fmax s = µs N fk = µk N Fnet ∆t = ∆p Fg = mg ∆p = mvf – mvi ∆x ∆v v= a= ∆t ∆t WORK, ENERGY AND POWER W = F∆x cos θ U = mgh or Ep = mgh K = 12 mv2 or Ek = 12 mv2 ME = Ek + Ep W Pave = Fvave P= ∆t Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 2 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction TABLE 2: FORMULAE (continued) ELASTICITY, VISCOSITY AND HYDRAULICS F ∆L σ= ε= A L σ F1 F2 =K = ε A1 A2 F P= P = ρ gh A ELECTROSTATICS Q ε A C= C= 0 V d CURRENT ELECTRICITY V R= Rs = R1 + R2 + . . . I 1 1 1 = + +... Rp R 1 R 2 W W = VQ P= ∆t W = VI∆t P = VI W = I2 R∆t P = I2 R V2 ∆t V2 W= P= R R Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P1 3 Hlayiso/Prediction 2026 NSC Prediction TABLE 2: FORMULAE (continued) ELECTROMAGNETISM ∆Φ Φ = BA ε = –N ∆t Vs Ns = Vp Np WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT 1 v = fλ T= f c E = hf or E = h λ Copyright reserved