isiXhosa P3 Survival Kit

CAPE WINELANDS EDUCATION DISTRICT isiXhosa HL Paper 3 SURVIVAL GUIDE

1.6 Ingaba abavavanyi bafuna ntoni kuwe mfundi xa ubhala eli phepha? Mfundi qaphela ezi zinto zilandelayo abaviwa abagxila kuzo: ● Makubekho ubungqina bokucwangcisa, bokuyila, bokuhlaziya, bokuhlela nobokulungisa iziphene kumsebenzi oza kuwunikezela kwiitekisi zonke, isincoko kunye nemihlathi. ● Yazi injongo yoko ukubhalayo, abantu ojolise kubo nomxholo – kwakunye nerejista, isimbo sokubhala nethoni. ● Ukusetyenziwa kolwimi ngokusemxholweni, upelo neempawu zobhalo. ● Ulwimi lusetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lwakhiwe ngokukuko. ● Izakhi zolwimi zibandakanya ulwazi olunzulu ngolwimi. ● Ukhetho magama nokusetyenziswa kwezafobe, izaci namaqhalo ngokufanelekileyo. ● Indlela obumba ngayo izivakalisi kuquka iindidi zazo; ezifutshane, ezimbaxa njalo njalo. ● Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi njengoko uyibonisile mfundi kwisicwangciso sakho osenze kwimephu yeengcinga okanye kwisazobe. ● Ukutolika kwakho isihloko eso uzikhethele okuveza umxholo ngokupheleleyo: intshayelelo, ukukhuliswa kwezimvo nesiphelo. ● Kulindeleke ukuba impendulo yakho ibeyegqwesileyo/ ibenomtsalane, ngaphezu koko bekulindelekile. ● Izimvo zakho mazibe zeziqiqisisiweyo, ezixhokonxa iingcinga ezivuthiweyo. ● Impendulo yakho yesincoko okanye yomhlathi mayilungelelaniswe kakuhle ngokugqwesileyo, ibenothungelwano (enonamathelwano) ukusuka kwintshayelelo, isiqu, ukuqukumbela/nesiphelo. ● Ifomathi obhala ngayo mayibe yeyamkelekileyo kwaye ichaneke. 10

1.7 Amanyathelo amawuwathabathe xa ubhala isincoko eluviweni Xa mfundi ubhala isincoko eluviweni kulindeleke ukuba wenze ezi zinto zilandelayo: ● Eluviweni unikwa izihloko ngezihloko kunye nemifanekiso onokukhetha kuyo. ● Funda imiyalelo kuqala phambi kokuba ukhethe isihloko okanye umfanekiso oza kubhala ngawo isincoko sakho. ● Fundisisa zonke izihloko ozinikiweyo ukuze wazi ukuba kuthiwa bhala ngantoni/sifuna ntoni. ● Khetha isihloko oqinisekileyo ukuba unamanqaku awaneleyo onokubhala ngawo. ● Cwangcisa amanqaku oza kubhala ngawo usebenzisa imephu yengcinga. Imephu yakho yengcinga kulindeleke ukuba iveze amanqaku entshayelelo, awesiqu sesincoko nalawo esiphelo. ● Injongo yemephu yengcinga mfundi kukuncedisa wena kuthungelwano lwakho lwemihlathi leyo uza kuyibhala ngesincoko eso njengoko kulindeleke ukuba ubhale ngokwemihlathi. ● Amanqaku wakho wabhale kakuhle khon’ukuze abonakalise uthungelwano lwemihlathi nezivakalisi. ● Mfundi wakugqiba ukuyila, bhala isincoko sakho usebenzisa la manqaku akho akwimephu yeengcinga ● Yahlula isincoko sakho ngokubhala imihlathi usebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane, ezide nezimbaxa kodwa ungasebenzi izivakalisi ezide kakhulu, ezizakude zilahle umxholo woko ubhala ngako. ● Qinisekisa ukuba kukho uthungelwano kwimihlathi yakho, oko kukuthi isincoko sakho masivakale kulowo uza kusifunda ukuba intshayelelo yakho iyaphela ngoku ungena kwisiqu kwaye uyaphetha ngoku. ● Wakugqiba ukubhala isincoko sakho, sifunde ngeenjongo zokujonga iziphene kupelo magama, ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zokubhala ngokufanelekileyo njalo njalo. ● Ekugqibeleni wakube wanelisekile, ngenisa isincoko sakho. ● Xa ubuzwa imibuza lindela, amagama afana nala: khetha,bhala. 11

ISAHLUKO 2: IZINCOKO ICANDELO A: IZINCOKO 1. AMANQAKU AMALUNGA NEZINCOKO Ingcaciso emfutshane ngezincoko Qaphela: Mfundi esiXhoseni sineendidi ezintlanu zezincoko ezifundwayo nezihlolwayo kwibanga 10-12 kwimigangatho yomithathu eyile ilandelayo: ● IsiXhosa ULwimi lwaseKhaya ● IsiXhosa ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo ● IsiXhosa ULwimi lwesiBini oloNgezelelweyo Kule migangatho mithathu izincoko zahluka ngokobude bomthamo wamagana alindelekileyo kunye namanqaku owabhalelayo. Jonga kule theyibhile ingezantsi umahluko ngokomthamo wenani lamagama ngokwebanga: Umgangatho wesifundo Itekisi Ibanga Inani lamagama IsiXhosa ULwimi lwaseKhaya Isincoko 10 240-290 11 290-340 12 340-390 IsiXhosa ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo Isincoko 10 90-140 11 140-190 12 190-240 IsiXhosa ULwimi lwesiBini olongezelelweyo Isincoko 10 90-120 11 120-150 12 150-180 Iindidi zezincoko Zintlanu iindidi zezincoko ezifundiswayo nezifundwayo mfundi. Zezi zilandelayo: ● Isincoko esibalisayo ● Isincoko esichazayo ● Isincoko esicamngcayo ● Isincoko esivelela amacala omabini ● Isincoko esixoxayo 1.1 Isakhiwo sesincoko 12

Xa mfundi ubhala isincoko kulindeleke ukuba oku kulandelayo kwisakhiwo sakho: ● Intshayelelo ● Isiqu ● Isiphelo Isincoko Intshayelelo Intshayelelo mayidlwengule Isiqu umxhelo walowo uza Isiqu siquka umxholo kufunda isincoko sakho. Mayitsale wesincoko ngokuph umdla walowo elelyo. Isiqu uyifundayo, de sesincoko angafuni ukwahlukana masahlulwe sibe nayo, afune nemihlathi, ze Isiphelo ukuyifunda rhoqo. umhlathi uqulathe ingongoma Isiphelo siqukumbela engundoqo nezo isincoko sakho. zixhasayo. Kufuneka siqhoboshe onke amasolotya umfundi abhale ngawo, kukwalapho uveza khona iingcebiso zakho ukuba kuyimfuneko. 13

ICANDELO A: Irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko/indlela ekwabiwa ngayo amanqaku esincoko imi ngolu hlobo lungezantsi ngokwamanqanaba esifundo: Kumgangatho ngamnye wolwimi ubonisiwe apha ngezantsi okulindelekileyo, unikwe amanqaku akucacisela ngokuthe gca ukuba ukuze ufumane onke amanqaku akho xa ubhala isincoko gxila kweyiphi imiba. Qwalaselisa ezi theyibhile zingezantsi ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LWASEKHAYA IMIQATHANGO ESETYENZISELWA UVAVANYO IMIQATHANGO AMANQAKU UMXHOLO NOCWANGCISO Impendulo yakho mayiqqwese/ibenomtsalane, ngaphezu koko bekulindelekile. Izimvo eziqiqisisiweyo, ezixhokonxa iingcinga nezivuthiweyo. 30 Impendulo elungelelaniswe kakuhle ngokugqwesileyo enothungelwano (enonamathelwano) ukuquka intshayelelo, isiqu, ukuqukumbela/nesiphelo ULWIMI, ISIMBO SOKUBHALA NOKUHLELA Ithoni, irejista, isimbo sokubhala, isigama zifaneleke kakhulu kwinjongo, abantu ekujoliswe kubo nakwisimo sentlalo. Ulwimi lusetyenziswe ngokuzithemba, 15 luyachukumisa ngokugqwesileyo. Ithoni edlwengula umxhelo nenobuciko. Iziphene zegrama nopelo azikho. Sixongxwe ngobugcisa obukhulu. ISAKHIWO Isihloko sikhuliswe ngokugqwesileyo. 5 Iinkcukacha ezigqwesileyo. Izivakalisi, imihlathi zakhiwe ngokugqwesileyo. AMANQAKU EWONKE 50 14

ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO IMIQATHANGO ESETYENZISELWA UVAVANYO IMIQATHANGO AMANQAKU UMXHOLO NOCWANGCISO Impendulo ebalaseleyo enomtsalane, ngaphaya kobekulindelekile Izimvo zihlakaniphile, zixhokonxa iingcinga kwaye zinemfezeko 30 Isincoko sibekelelwe ngobuchule obungaqhelekanga kwaye intshayelelo, isiqu kwakunye nesiphelo zibonakalisa unamathelwano olunemfezeko ULWIMI, ISIMBO SOKUBHALA NOKUHLELA Ithoni, irejista, isimbo, isigama zifanelene ngokugqwesileyo nenjongo, abantu ekujoliswe kubo kunye nemeko Ulwimi lusetyenziswe ngokuzithemba, luyathabathekisa 15 Ithoni enomtsalane nezafobe zentetho eziphumeza injongo Akukho ziphene zolwakhiwo zivakalisi, upelo nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Sixonxwe ngobugcisa obukhulu ISAKHIWO Isihloko sikhuliswe ngokuncamisayo. Iinkcukacha zibalasele ngokungaqhelekanga. 5 Izivakalisi,imihlathi zakhiwe zaqiqisiswa ngokugqwesileyo AMANQAKU EWONKE 50 15

ISIXHOSA ULWIMI LWESIBINI OLONGEZELELWEYO IMIQATHANGO ESETYENZISELWA UVAVANYO IMIQATHANGO AMANQAKU UMXHOLO NOCWANGCISO Impendulo ebalaseleyo enomtsalane, ngaphaya kobekulindelekile. Izimvo zihlakaniphile, zixhokonxa iingcinga kwaye zinemfezeko. 24 Isincoko sibekelelwe ngobuchule obungaqhelekanga kwaye intshayelelo, isiqu kwakunye nesiphelo zibonakalisa unamathelwano olunemfezeko. ULWIMI, ISIMBO SOKUBHALA NOKUHLELA Ulwimi lugqwesile nezafobe zisetyenziswe ngethoni ephumeza ukudlulisa umyalezo. 12 Phantse kube akukho nasinye isiphene solwakhiwo zivakalisi, upelo nesokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Sixonxwe ngobugcisa obukhulu. ISAKHIWO Isihloko sikhuliswe ngokuncamisayo Iinkcukacha zibalasele ngokungaqhelekanga 04 Izivakalisi, imihlathi zakhiwe zaqiqi siswa ngokugqwesileyo. AMANQAKU EWONKE 40 16

1.2 Amanyathelo amawuwathabathe xa ubhala isincoko eklasini. Xa ubhala isincoko eklasini kulindeleke ukuba ulandele le nkqubo yokubhala ilandelayo: Amanqanaba alandelwayo kwinkqubo yokubhala 1.2.1. Ukucwangcisa / phambi kokubhala • Wakube ukhethe isihloko eso uza kubhala ngaso qiniseka ukuba uyayazi injongo oyibhalelayo nabantu obabhalelayo. • Qaphela imo, indlela yokubhalwa koko kubhaliweyo noluvo loko abhala ngako. • Xoxa ngezimvo usebenzisa, umzekelo, isazobe sokucinga iiflowu-tshathi. • Phanda ngoko uza kubhala ngako usebenzisa imithombo yolwazi/ qokelela amanqaku amalunga nesihloko eso uza kubhala ngaso. 1.2.2 Ukuyila / ukwenza iidrafti • Sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo nezixhasayo ngokukuko xa ucwangcisa. • Yenza idrafti yokuqala uthathele ingqalelo injongo leyo uyibhalelayo, abafundi bayo, isihloko nenohlobo loncwadi; • Funda iidrafti ngokuvakalayo ukufumana uluvo lwabanye (oogxa bakho); • Chonga isigama esisiso nesichanekileyo ngokusebenzisa izichazi ezifanelekileyo namagama namabinzana avusayo ukucacisa oko kubhaliweyo • Qaphela isimbo esithile ngokusebenzisa ulwimi nethoni ehambelana ncakasana nabafundi obabhalelayo nenjongo yokubhala. • Vakalisa uluvo lwakho gqibi, izithethe, iinkolelo namava akho. • Bhala iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zetekisi leyo (sebenzisa ucaphulo ukuxhasa izimvo zakho). 1.2.3 Ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela. ukulungisa iziphene, ukunikezela (ukungenisa isincoko sakho kutitshala wakugqiba ukusibhala) • Sebenzisa imilinganiselo emiselweyo ukuphendla umsebenzi wakho nowabanye usenzela ukuwuphucula • Phucula uchongo lwesigama, isakhiwo sesivakalisi nemihlathi. • Nciphisa ubumbaxa, ukusebenzisa uphindaphindo, ulwimi olungasulungekanga nolungamkelekanga. • Phonononga umxholo, isimbo sokubhala nerejista. • Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala uze upele ngokuchanekileyo. • Bhala idrafti yokugqibela. • Ngenisa itekisi oyibhalileyo/isincoko osibhalileyo kutitshala azokukorekisha. 17

2. IINDIDI ZEZINCOKO 2.1 ISINCOKO ESIBALISAYO 2.1.1 Inkcaza: Isincoko esibalisayo sibalisa ibali elithile/isiganeko esenzekileyo okanye esehlileyo. 2.1.2 Injongo: Kukubalisa ibali/ ngesiganeko. 2.1.3 Abantu ekujoliswe kubo: Nabanina ofunda esi sincoko. 2.1.4 Iimpawu zesincoko esibalisayo Mfundi xa ubhala isincoko esibalisayo : ● Bhala ngebali / ngesiganeko esenzekileyo / isiganeko esiqwetyiweyo. ● Bhala isakhiwo sebali esidlwengula umxhelo nesikholelekayo. ● Balisa usebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo okanye ixesha langoku ukutsala umdla nokungqala kwebali. ● Umhlathi wokuqala oyintshayelelo mawubhalwe ngokudlwengula umxhelo. ● Kwintshayelelo yakho makuvele indawo ekuqhubeka kuyo ibali, ixesha eliqhubeka ngalo, abalinganiswa abakhoyo. ● Kwisiqu sakho sesincoko okwenzeka ebalini makulandelelaniswe ngokwamaxesha okwehla kwebali. Umzekelo ukuba ubalisa ngotyelelo eKapa, sukubalisa ngezinto ezenzeke ekhaya kanti sele useKapa okanye uthi sele usithi ndanxiba uphinde uthi ndathambisa. ● Ubukhulu becala sebenzisa izenzi ezibonisa intshukumo ukuze ibali lakho libe lelikholelekayo. ● Sebenzisa intetho-ngqo xa ufuna umlinganiswa abengathi ngophilayo kumfundi, ingxelo-ntetho ayikukhuthazi oko. ● Igama ngalinye olisebenzisayo lisebenzise ngenjongo ukwenzela ukuba isincoko sakho siyondelelane. Kulinge oku ngokubhala ibali elifutshane elinamagama angamashumi amahlanu. ● Ibali maliye kufika kuvuthondaba.(malifikelele kwesi siganeko singunobangela wokubaliswa kwebali) ● Qinisekisa ukuba isiphelo sesanelisayo kwaye sicacile. 2.1.5 Ulwimi/isigama sokubalisa: ● Mfundi kulindeleke ukuba usebenzise izichazi, izifanekisozwi, izaci namaqhalo ngokufanelekileyo ● Sebenzisa izihlanganisi ezibonisa isizathu nonobangela, isigama sokwakha imifanekiso-ngqondweni, izafobe, kunye nezimelabizo zoqobo ukunqanda ukuba ibali obhala ngalo lingabi nomdintshi. ● Qaphela ithoni, irejista, isimbo sokubhala, isigama esifanelene nenjongo okanye isimo sentlalo. 18

2.1.6 Isakhiwo Ucwangciso zimvo/imephu yengcinga • Qiniseka ukuba iingcinga neezimvo zakho ezikwimephu yakho yengcinga ziyathungelana. Intshayelelo ● Kumhlathi wakho wokuqala apho wazisa khona ngesihloko sakho kunye nokubekela izimvo eziqulathwe sisihloko. ● Mayibe mfutshane kodwa imeme/itsale lowo umbhalelayo ukuze abanomdla koko uza kubhala ngako kwisiqu, ngeliphandle mayithi ndifunde. ● Mayiquke ixesha, isimo sentlalo sebali obhala ngaso kwaye iveze /yazise abalinganiswa abaphambili bebali lakho. ● Umqheba okanye isivakalisi sakho sokuvula sibalululeke kakhulu. Isiqu ● Masiquke uluhlu lwemihlathi ethungelanayo ebonisa ukukhula kwesihloko. ● Umhlathi ngamnye mawuqulathe ingongoma ethile. ● Ungasebenzisa amagama afana nala: ngokufanayo, ngaphandle, nangona kunjalo, naza kuthi enze ukuba intsingiselo icace gca kwaye uqiniseke ukuba kukho uthungelwano lwezimvo. ● Isiqu sikhokhelela kuvuthondaba lwesincoko. ● Imo mayibunjwe ngokusebenzisa ithoni enamandla nethe ngqo. Isiphelo ● Lo ngumhlathi wokugqibela wesincoko oqhina onke amasolotya esincoko sakho. ● Kulapho uveza khona iimvakalelo zakho ngesihloko. ● Lowo ufunda isincoko sakho makeve ukuba ngoku uyaphetha. Amagama afana nala; elokuphetha,kuyabonakala ukuba, njalo, ngenxa yoko azakukuncedisa ukuze isincoko sakho usiphethe ngokufanelekileyo njengoko yokuba sigqwese. ● Isivakalisi sakho sokugqibela salo mhlathi masomelele ze sithi gqolo ukuhlale sihleli engqondweni yolowo funda isincoko sakho. Umsebenzi Jonga kwingcaciso engasentla malunga nesakhiwo sesincoko esibalisayo, ze ukhethe kwezi zihloko zilandelayo: 1. Nangoku ndisayiva loo ntsholo 2. Isala kutyelwa sibonwa ngolophu. 19

2.2 ISINCOKO ESICHAZAYO 2.2.1 Inkcaza Kwisincoko esichazayo uzoba umntu, umba othile, imeko, indawo, nayo nayiphi na into, usebenzisa amagama. Olu didi lwesincoko lungachaza ubume, inkangeleko, isimo, iimpawu nenkqubo. 2.2.2 Injongo Kukunika inkcaza malunga nalo nto kubhalwa ngayo. 2.2.3 Abantu ababhalelwayo Sibhalelwa nawuphi na umntu oza kufunda isincoko. Qaphela ithoni, irejista, isimbo sokubhala, isigama esifanelenelekileyo nenjongo yokubhala isincoko. 2.2 4. Iimpawu ● Yila umfanekiso ngokusebenzisa amagama achaza oko kwenzeka kwesi sincoko sichazayo. ● Sebenzisa imifanekiso-ngqondweni kangangoko unako, umzekelo; oweliso, owendlebe, owencasa, owesikhumba nowempumlo. ● Olu didi lwesincoko lubhalwa kwixesha langoku okanye elidlulileyo. ● Amagama kunye neenkcazo zikhethe ngononophelo ukufikelela kwisiphumo esifunekayo. 2.2.5 Ulwimi/isigama sokuchaza: ● Mfundi kulindeleke ukuba usebenzise izichazi, izifanekisozwi, izihlomelo, izichazi, izaci namaqhalo ngokufanelekileyo. ● Sebenzisa isigama esibonisa iindlela zokulandelelana nokuthungelana kwengcamango nokulandelelana kwemiba, esifana umzekelo; okokuqala, kwakhona, okunye, lilonke, elokugqiba. ● Qaphela ithoni, irejista, isimbo sokubhala, isigama esifanelene nenjongo okanye isimo sentlalo. 2.2.6 Isakhiwo Cwangcisa isincoko sakho. Ungacwangcisa ngokuthi wenze imephu yengqondo okanye ucwangcise ngokwemihlathi. Qiniseka ukuba uyilo lwakho luhambelana nesincoko sakho. Yahlula isincoko sakho sibe nentshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. Intshayelelo -cazulula isihloko ukuze kuvele intsingiselo yaso nokusiqonda. Quka ukungathathi cala noluvo lwakho kwinkcazo yakho. Sive usiqonde isihloko osichazayo kangangoko ngendlela ecace gca. ● Yiveze kwalapha kwintshayelelo mfundi into oza kugxila kuyo kwisiqu sakho sesincoko. Isiqu- Masahlulwe ngokwemihlathi equka iingongoma/ imiba oza kunyathela kuyo ekuchazeni kwakho. ● Kunyanzelekile kumhlathi ngamnye ukuba ubenesivakalisi esingundoqo esiveza/ esinabisa ubuthumbu besihloko kunye nezivakalisi ezixhasayo. ● Izivakalisi zakho mazize nemizekelo okanye neenkcukacha ezixhasayo. ● Qinisekisa ukuba unesivakalisi esivala umhlathi ngamnye esibethelela oko ubukuthetha kuwo. Isiphelo- Kumhlathi wakho wesiphelo shwankathela iingongoma eziphambili zoko ububhala ngako kumhlathi ngamnye. Usenokuphetha ngokuvakalisa iingcamango zakho okanye izindululo ngesihloko eso ubhalo ngaso. 20

2.2.7 Umsebenzi Isihloko sesincoko: Ukubaluleka kwemithi Umhlathi 2 Umhlathi 1 ISIQU NTSHAYELELO Isivakalisisi 1 Tolika/ cazulula esingundoqo nezimvo isihloko. Tyhila ezixhasayo izinto oza kugxila kuzoku ISIHLOKO UKUBALULEK A KWEMITHI Umhlathi 5 Umhlathi 3 Umhlathi 4 ISIPHELO ISIQU ISIQU Shwankathela Isivakalisisi 2 Isivakalisisi 3 esingundoqo esingundoqo iingcamango eziphambili nezimvo ezixhasayo nezimvo ezixhasayo UMZEKELO WENDLELA YOKUBHALWA KWESISINCOKO Ukubaluleka kwemithi. Isicwangciso Umhlathi 1- Tolika isihloko (Chaza ukuba iyintoni imithi, izinto ezenziwa ngemithi kubomi bethu) Umhlathi 2- Izinto nezenziwa yimithi- ikhusela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, umthunzi, iintaka zokha izindlu zazo Umhlathi 3- Izinto ezenziwa ngemithi – ifenitshala, amaphepha, ukwakha izindlu neentlanti, ukubasa Umhlathi 4- Izinto esizifumana emithini- amayeza iziqhamo Umhlathi 5- Nika uluvo lwakho. Lilonke uthini kubantu abagawula nabatshisa imithi UMZEKELO WEZIHLOKO ● Umntu ongumzekelo omhle ebomini bam ● Ukubaluleka kwendalo ● Ixesha lasehlotyeni 21

2.3 ISINCOKO ESIXOXAYO 2.3.1 Inkcaza ● Isincoko esixoxayo sityekela kwicala elinye; kubakho ukuxhaswa okanye ukuchaswa koluvo oluthile olukhabana nolunye. ● Uluvo ekuhanjiswana nalo luxoxelwa ngokupheleleyo. ● Umfundi kufuneka ethathe icala elithile apho adandalazisa khona icala awela ngakulo nesizathu sokuba enze oko, kwaye kufuneka uluvo lucace gca. ● Esi sisincoko apho umfundi anika uluvo lwakhe kuphela, ngendlela ezama ukuqinisekisa ukuba lowo ufundayo angabinasikrokro koko avumelane naye. 2.3.2 Injongo ● Isincoko esixoxayo sibhalwa ngenjongo yokudandalazisa izimvo zomfundi/zobhalayo kwisihloko eso athe umfundi wasinikwa, ukuze akwazi ukuxoxa ngokuzithemba nangokukhululekileyo, ethatha icala. 2.3.3 Iimpawu ● Isihloko sesincoko sikukhokelela ekubeni ukwazi ukusicingisisa. ● Khetha icala elinye ukuze ulixoxele ngocacileyo nangokupheleleyo ● Nika ingqwalasela kumanqaku angqinelana okanye achasana nenkcazelo. ● Bhala ngokwemihlathi kwaye umhlathi ngamnye mawucacise umba othile uze uwuqukumbele phambi kokuba udlulele komnye. ● Mabuvele ubungqina bophando olwenziweyo( kuviwo uya kusebenzisa ubugqina obuphathekayo nobuyinyani , ukuxhasa izimvo zakho, kuquka imizekelo, imicaphulo eyinyani) ● Qala ngokubhala intshayelelo ngesi isincoko ngokwandlala ezakho imbono ngesihloko ngendlela enika izimvo ezizezakho nezitsala umdla. Unokuza nolwazi olunika imvelaphi malunga noko kukwisihloko. ● Kwimihlathi yesiqu beka iingongoma oxoxela phezu kwazo ze ulandelise ngezivakalisi ezizathuzela okuthethwe kwizivakalisi eziyintloko kumhlathi ngamnye.. ● Xa uzathuza nika imizekelo, inkcaza eyinyani. ● Isivakalisi esivala umhlathi sibethelela okuthethwa sisivakalisi esingundoqo/esiyintloko. ● Umhlathi wesiphelo kushwankathelwa ngokugxininisa konke ekunyathelwe kwingxoxo ekwimihlathi yesincoko ukuze ofunda isincoko angabinasikrokro sokuhambisana nolivo lwakho ● Usebenzisa ubungqina bophando obufana noluvu lweengcali. Ungazebenzisa noluvo lweengcali obufana nooGqirha, uPresidenti, umzekelo uPresidenti uCyril Ramaphosa uthi kwintetho yakhe…ungacaphula nobungqina obusukela kwimithombo evunyiweyo. 2.3.4 Abantu ekujoliswe kubo: Nabanina ofunda esi sincoko 2.3.5 Ulwimi ● Kusetyenziswa ulwimi lokuxoxa ● Sebenzisa ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olurhwebesha ingqondo, nolujija ingqondo. ● Sebenzisa isigama esenza ukuba ingxoko ithungelane/inxibelelane umzekelo; okukuqala, kwakhona, okulandelayo, kananjalo, nakubeni kunanjalo. ● Sebenzisa izikhuzo, ezisetyenziswa njengesilumkiso, imibuzo buciko eya kuvuselela isazela sothile nezenzi ezikuhlobo lokuyalela, ukunika imiyalelo. 2.3.6 Isakhiwo Qiniseka ukuba uyasicwangcisa isincoko sakho. Ungasicwangcisa ngokuthi wenze isazobe sengcinga okanye ucwangcise ngokwemihlathi. Yahlula imihlathi yesincoko sakho ngokweengongoma ezingundoqo ngolu hlobo: 22

Intshayelelo Sebenzisa amazwi ambalwa nakhethekileyo Isiqu ● Sahlulwa hlulwe ngokwemihlathi, mhlathi lowo oqulathe ingcamango eyahlukileyo. ● Xoxela okuthile unika ubungqina obuxhasayo. ● Chasa ngokunika ubungqina obuxhasayo. ● Intshukumo esukela kokuqhelekileyo ukuya kokuntsokothileyo. ● Qiniseka ukuba uyilo lwakho luhambelana nesincoko sakho. ● Makubekho uthungelwano nonxibelelwano lwezimvo okanye iziganeko. ● Qiniseka ngoyondelelwano lwezimvo, uqonde injongo, abantu ekujoliswe kubo kunye nesimo sentlalo. ● Qaphela ithoni, irejista, isimbo sokubhala, isigama esifanelene nenjongo okanye isimo sentlalo. ● Kwisihloko krwelela amagama angundoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba usoloko uthetha ngokusemxholweni. Isiphelo Unika iingcebiso ngokubhekiselele kwisihloko. Umzekelo wesicwangciso zimvo: Isihloko: Isigqibo sikaRhulumente sokuvumela ukusetyenziswa komya ngokusemthethweni. Isihloko: Isiqibo sikaRhulumente sokuvumela ukusetyenziswa komya ngokusemthethwemi INTSHAYELELO ISIPHELO ISIQU ISISHWANKATHELO Sebenzisa amazwi ambalwa NEENGCEBISO ngesihloko INKCAZA NGESIHLOKO/ULWAZ OLUYIMVELAPHI NGASO. ICALA AHAMBISANA NALO 23

IMIHLATHI INGONGOMA EPHAMBILI INGONGOMA EXHASAYO YESIQU 1 Ifuthe elibi lomya Umsebenzi weli cuba Ukunyashwa kwamalungelo Ukonwaba kwabantu 2 Ubungozi bokusebenzisa eli cuba Uphando Izigulo onokuzifumana xa unokulisebenzisa 3 Ngabaphi abantu abachatshazelwa Zizathu zini ezibangela ukuba kokukusetyenziswa kweli cuba. basebenzise eli cuba 4 Ukutshabalala kwabantu abalisebenzisayo Ukutshabalala kwelizwe nokungabinathemba kwinkokheli zangomso. 2.3.7 Umsebenzi ongekho sesikweni Fundisisa ezi zihloko zilandelayo, uqikelele ukuba ungabhala luphi udidi lwesincoko: 1. Ukunikwa kolutsha olungaphangeliyo inkxaso-mali nguRhulumente kuyalikunciphisa izinga lendlala. 2. Iingxaki ezibangelwa luqhawulo mtshato ebantwaneni. 3. Inxeba lendoda alihlekwa 4. Imithambo nezemidlalo zezona ndlela ziphambili ekunciphiseni umzimba 5. Kulilungelo lomntwana ukuxelela abazali ngendlela amababaphathe ngayo. 6. Hay’inkohlakalo yomntu emntwini. 2.4 ISINCOKO ESICAMNGCAYO 2.4.1 Inkcaza: Sisincoko esingamava, izimvo, iimbono, iingcinga neemvakalelo zomntu obhalayo. 2.4.2 Injongo: Kukucamngca uvakalisa iimbono, izimvo namava akho malunga nokuthile. 2.4.3 Abantu ababhalelwayo: Nguye nawuphi umntu ofunda isincoko 2.4.4 Iimpawu zaso: ● Kwesi sincoko wazisa umntu osifundayo/obhalelwayo ngamava akho, indlela ozibona ngayo izinto nendlela ovakalelwa ngayo malunga nesihloko osinikiweyo. ● Ungachaza indlela esakuchaphazele ngayo isiganeko esithile okanye umntu othile,okanye amava athile ngokwakhe kwakwehlela. ● Usenokubhala ucamngca ngokungekenzekii, okunqwenelayo okanye okuliphupha lakho elinokuba nefuthe kubomi bakho. ● Njengoko negama lisitsho xa usibhala uyacamngca (ucinga nzulu, uhluza) ngamava uvelela okuhle nokubi (xa kuyimfuneko). ● Unokucamngca ubuya umva okanye ucamngce malunga nokuthile okungekenzeki uvakalise iingcamango neemvakalelo zakho ngako. ● Xa ubhala isincoko esicamngcayo ubhala kumntu wokuqala kuba uvakalisa iingcamango namava akho. ● Xa ucamngca ubuya umva, ubalisa uphuhlisa iimvakaleko neembono zakho ngesihloko obhala ngaso. ● Isincoko socamngco esifuna ukuba ubani acamngce ngokungekenzeki ezithatha ezibeka ngeengcinga kwindawo angekho kuyo ngokweemeko zobomi bokwenyani, ucamngca ezibona ngeliso lengqondo nengqikelelo. ● Xa kubhalwa isincoko esicamngcayo kukwakho ukubalisa kodwa kolu hlobo lwesincoko akugxilwa nje kwiziganeko koko ikakhulu kutyhilwa iimvakalelo, imizwa, neembono ezihamba namava. 24

2.4.5 Ulwimi olusetyenziswa ekubhaleni olu hlobo lwesincoko: ● Ithoni nerejista nesimbo sokubhala: Mazibezezifanelene nenjongo yokubhalwa kwesincoko kunye nabantu ababhalelwayo ● Ngenxa yokuba iludidi lwesincoko esivakalisa iimvakalelo, iimbono, kukwabaliswa,ithoni nesigama siyatshintsha-tshintsha oko kubangele ukuba nerejista itshintsha-tshintshe. ● Ixesha: Kusetyenziswa ixesha eladlulayo, ixesha elidlulileyo xa kubhekiswa kwizehlo neziganeko ezadlulayo. ● Kusetyenziswa ixesha langoku xa kubhekiswa kwiimvakalelo amava neengcamango ezintsha ● Mawucace umahluko phakathi kwexesha lokwenzeka kwesiganeko esiyinxalenye yesincoko kunye nelokucamngca. Umzekelo: Ukuba isiganeko senzeke kwixesha elidlulileyo/eladlulayo masibaliswe kwelo xesha ze ukuba ucamngco olu lwenzeka ngeli xesha kusetyenziswe ixesha langoku. ● Isigama esibhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo: Makusetyenziswe amagama anjengezibizo ezibhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo ukuchaza nokuzoba amava (okwenzekayo) akho ● Isigama esibhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo: Izibizo ezibhekiselele kwizinto ezingaphathekiyo mazisetyenziselwe ukubhekisa kwiimbono, imizwa, neemvakalelo. ● Isigama esidala imifanekiso-ngqondweni: Kubalulekile ukuba kusetyenziswe izibizo ezinentsingiselo ekwanika inkcaza ngoko kuthethwa ngako, izichazi, izifanekisozwi, amagama azoba imifanekiso-ngqondweni iyonke (oweliso/owokubona, owendlebe/owokuva, oweempumlo/owevumba, owesikhumba/owokuphatha nowencasa). Oku kwenza isincoko sakho sibenomtsalane, siphile sivakale sinobunyani ngakumbi kulowo usifundayo. ● Isigama sokuthungelanisa isincoko: Izihlanganisi (xa, ukuba, kuba, nangona, kodwa, kwaye, ngaphezulu, nakubeni, nokuba, kanjalo, nezinye. Izimelabiso, izihlomelo (zendawo, zexesha, zobunjani nezobungakanani nezivumelanisi) 2.4.6 Isakhiwo ● Isincoko esicamngcayo njengezinye izincoko sahlulwe sanomhlathi oyintshayelelo, isiqu (esenziwa liqela lemihlathi) kunye nesiphelo (umhlathi wokuvala/wokuqukumbela) ● Umhlathi ngamnye unesivakalisi esiyintloko/esingundoqo kunye nezivakalisi ezixhasa oko kuthethwa kwisivakalisi esiyintloko/ezinika iinkcukacha ngako. Umzekelo: Isihloko:Loo mazwi abutshintsha ubomi bam Okulindelekileyo: ● Sibanomhlathi oyintshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. ● Waxele la mazwi esithethi okanye utolike isihloko ● Kulindeleke ukuba ucinge ubhekisa emva kungenjalo ucamngce ngokungekenzeki. ● Unike ulwazi olungaphambili ngawe, okwakwenzekile/imeko owawukuyo ● Velisa iimvakalelo zakho, iimbono namava wakho ● Vakalisa utshintsho olwenzekayo, nonobangela walo ● Makuvele ukuba olo tshintsho lukhokelele njani kwimpumelelo/kwimeko okuyo ngoku ● Ukuba ucamngca ngokunqwenelayo/ngokuyingqikelelo okanye ngokuliphupha lakho nika izizathu,ungqiyame ngamava okwenzeka ngoku/ wemeko okuyo ngako konke okuziimbono (Naziphi izimvo ezisemxholweni ezihambelana nesihloko esincoko esicamngcayo ziyamkeleka) 25

Umhlathi oyintshayelelo: ● Akungeni mxholweni kulo mhlathi koko uhlahla indlela, ugabula izigcawu. ● Wazisa isihloko kofunda isincoko, unika inkcaza, utsala umdla wakhe ukuba arhalele ukusifunda isincoko sakho. Ungatshayelela njani: o Tsala umdla ngokuvula ngomcaphulo, isihlekiso,amanqakwana acacisa isihloko okanye ibalana elinomdla, elinxulumene noku uza kubhala ngako. o Landelisa ngamanqakwana akrobisa koku uza kubhala ngako. o Vala lo mhlathi ngesivakalisi esiphethe eyona ngongoma engundoqo oza kugxila kuyo xa ubhala isincoko sakho. Umzekelo womhlathi oyitshayelelo: Isihloko: Loo mazwi abutshintsha ubomi bam Isivakalisi esivulayo esingumcaphulo. Ubomi ngumzamo abufuni magwala, latsho amaciko. Oku kukuthi ubomi abulula bufuna ubani owenza imigudu kwaye anganikezeli. Amazwi yintetha esuka kothethayo enokuqulatha myalezo uthile, onokude Isivakalisi esichaza ubeyimfundiso.Akho mazwi abanobulumko ashiya umtshithi owenza ingququ sicacisa ngakumbi kophulaphuleyo,ndinobungqina boko kobam ubomi. isihloko. Mini ndeva amazwi esithethi esikolweni, ndathatha isigqibo esitsha ngobomi bam, Isivakalisi esivalayo batsho batshintsha. kumhlathi wentshayelelo nesiqulathe ingongoma endundoqo ekuza kubekelelwa kuyo Imihlathi yesiqu sesincoko: ● Umhlathi ngamnye kule yesiqu umele kuvula ngesivakalisi esiyintloko/esingundoqo. ● Kulandele izivakalisi ezinika iinkcukacha ezixhasa okanye ezongeza ulwazi olomeleza oko kuthethwa sisivakalisi esiyintloko. ● Iinkcukacha ezixhasayo zingabandakanya amanqaku ayinyani okanye imizekelo kungenjalo iimbono nezimvo zeengcali okanye ezivunyiweyo. Izimvo ezisukela kumava akho wena ubhalayo angamkelwa. (i) Umhlathi 1 (wesiqu): La mazwi ngawo andenza ukuba ndamkele iziphumo Isivakalisi zokungaphumeleli kwibanga lesibhozo, ndazimisela ukuvuka ndilinge kwakhona. esiyintloko somhlathi wesiqu sesincoko. Phambi kokuba ndiweve, ndandiziva ukuba sendisiya nje esikolweni kodwa ndiyibona iluzizi impumelelo yam. Intetho yeso sithethi sasizokusikhuthaza esikolweni, loo mazwi aso atsho kwashukuma ithemba entliziyweni yam. Izivakalisi ezixhasayo, ezinika iinkcukacha. Ayitshintsha indlela endandizibona ngayo, ndaqonda ukuba ebomini umntu uyawa, Isivakalisi aphinde avuke. esiqukumbelayo 26

(ii) Umhlathi 2 (wesiqu): a. Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi. b. Isivakalisi esinika iinkcukacha ezixhasa oku kuthethwa kwisivakalisi esiyintloko. (iii) Umhlathi 3 (wesiqu): a) Isivakalisi esiyintloko somhlathi. b) Isivakalisi esinika iinkcukacha ezixhasa oku kuthethwa kwisivakalisi esiyintloko. (iv) Umhlathi wokuqukumbela/isiphelo: ● Indlela yokuqukumbela kukuba uphinde esaa sivakalisi ibisesokuvala somhlathi wokuqala kodwa usibeke ngamanye amagama. ● Shwankathela iingongoma eziphambili ebekunyathelwa kuzo kwisiqu sesincoko (Oko kukuthi unokushwankathela izivakalisi eziyintloko zemihlathi yesiqu) usebenzisa amanye amagama. ● Vala ngokuzalanisa ukuqukumbela kobekuthethwe kumhlathi wentshayelelo kwisivakalisi esiyintloko/esokuvula. Umzekelo: Lilonke, loo mhla amazwi eso sithethi andenza ndazikisa ukucinga, Isivakalisi esifana ndathatha ezinye izigqibo ngam. nesiya sokuqukumbela somhlathi 1 Kumazwi esithethi ndakha ukuba ukuwa phantsi kukwasisiseko Izivakalisi sempumelelo, tsho kwathi qwenge ndaziva ndisemandleni. ezisisishwankathelo Ndazimisela ukusebenza ngamandla am wonke, ndayeka ukusola kobekunyathelwa abanye abantu, zatshintsha iimeko zam, ndaphumelela. kuko kwisiqu sesincoko (izivakalisi eziziintloko) Amazwi obulumko eso sithethi saloo mini, ndakujonga emva angena Elokugqiba, kum andikhuthaza ndathatha izigqibo ezitsha, namhlanje ndikule kuvalwa isincoko. ndawo ndikuyo, ndiphumelele. Umsebenzi 1: Gqibezela esi sincoko singentla esinesihloko: Loo mazwi abutshintsha ubomi ba Bhala umhlathi wesibini wesiqu ususela kumhlathi wokuqala ongumzekelo kule bhokisi ingezantsi: Umsebenzi 2: Bhala umhlathi oyintshayelelo wesincoko esicamngcayo phantsi kwesi sihloko: Ndayibukela isimka ibhasi lo mini. 27

2.5 ISINCOKO ESIVELELA AMACALA OMABINI 2.5.1 Inkcaza: Sisincoko esivelela amacala omabini nanjengoko sizichaza, kulindeleke ukuba kuvelelwe zonke iinkalo xa kuxoxwa ngomba othile (isihloko esinikiweyo). Ezi zinkalo ezibonisa icala lokungqinela isihloko kwakhona nelichasa isihloko. Ingxoxo kufuneka ilingane macala omabini. 2.5.2 Injongo Kukubeka izimvo ezicacileyo malunga nesihloko osinikiweyo uvelela icala elingqinayo kunye nelo lichasa isihloko. 2.5.3 Iimpawu zesincoko ezivelela amacala amabini ● Khetha isihloko onolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngaso ukuze ukwazi ukuzixhasa ngobungqina obuvunyiweyo. ● Ubeka izimvo ezahlukileyo ezimalunga nesihloko eso usebenzisa ubungqina ngokwamanqaku, amanani, izazobe, iigrafu okanye ngemizekelo. ● Uxoxa ngezimvo ezimbini ezimalunga nesisihloko uzipha amandla alinganayo. ● Akufuneki uthathe icala. ● Usebenzisa ubungqina bophando obufana noluvu lweengcali, Ungazebenzisa noluvo lweengcali obufana nooGqirha, UPresidenti, umzekelo uPresidenti uCyril Ramaphosa uthi kwintetho yakhe…ungacaphula nobungqina obusukela kwimithombo evunyiweyo. ● Xa uphetha isincoko sakho ungaluvakalisa uluvo lwakho. ● Elokuvala ungenza izindululo neengcebiso/ungashwankathela ngokufutshane wenze ilizwi lokuvala. 2.5.4 Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo ukubhala isincoko esivelela amacala amabini ● Sebenzisa ulwimi oluxoxayo. ● Sebenzisa izenzi ezikwixesha langoku. ● Ulwimi malube lolundilisekileyo, oluqulathe unobangela nesiphumo. ● Sebenzisa uphindaphindo lwamagama ukugxininisa kumba lowo. ● Sebenzisa izichazi, imibuzo buciko eya kuvuselela isazela sothile, izivumelanisi zomntu wesithathu. ● Izihlanganisi ezihambelana nonobangela nesiphumo umzekelo: lilonke, ngoko ke, kuba, kodwa, namanye. ● Amagama alikhonkco afana no- kuqala, okwesibini, okokugqibela, kwelinye icala, ngaphandle, okunye, okwahlukileyo 2.4.5 Isakhiwo Isihloko: Imisebenzi yesikolo eyenziwa emakhaya. Isicwangciso-zimvo ● Umzekelo wesicwangciso-zimvo esidakanca zonke iingongoma oza kuzikhankanya kwesi sincoko sakho, uzahlula ngokwemihlathi efanelekileyo. 28

Inkcaza ngesihloko:Inkcazelo ngemisetyenzana yasesikolweni eyenziwa emakhaya. Iindidi zale misetyenzana Umhlathi otshayelelayo Ukulunga nokungalungi konikezelo lwale misetyenzana Isivakalisi esiyintloko esivelela icala elibonisa ukulunga konikezelo lwemisebenzi yesikolo ukuze yenziwe emakhaya ngabafundi. Ukuxhasa kusetyenziswa izimvo zabafundi,abazali nootitshala Isiqu : Umhlathi Xhasa ngobungqina bamanani abonisa iziphumo ezihle zabafundi. wokuqala Isivakalisi esiyintloko esivelela icala elibonisa ukungalungi konikezelo lwemisebenzi yesikolo ukuba yenziwe emakhaya ngabafundi. Ukuxhasa kusetyenziswa izimvo zabafundi, abazali nootitshala. Isiqu: Umhlathi wesibini Xhasa ngobungqina bamanani abonisa iziphumo ezingentle zabafundi. Isivakalisi esiveza uluvo lwakho ngokwala macala mabini. Iingcebiso Umhlathi Izindululo oqukumbelayo Kungalandelwa oku xa kubhala esi sincoko: Isihloko:Imisebenzi yasesikolweni eyenziwa emakhaya Intshayelelo Sebenzisa amazwi ambalwa nakhethekileyo ukudlwengula umxhelo unika inkcazelo ngesihloko. Khankanya la macala omabini oza kunaba ngawo kwisiqu Umz: Imisebenzi yesikolo eyenziwa emakhaya iquka imisebenzi engekho sesikweni nesetyenziswa ukulola abafundi kwisihloko ebesifundiswa ngolo suku esikolweni. Isiqu: Umhlathi 1 Imbono ebonisa ukulunga Ubungqina obuxhasayo: kwale misebenzi yasesikolweni Abafundi: Udliwanondlebe lwabafundi olubonisa yenziwe emakhaya ukuncedakala kwabo kuba benethuba elaneleyo nelikhululekileyolokwenza umsebenzi. Ukuncediswa kwabo ngabalingani okanye abazali babo. Abazali: Iintetha zabo kwiintlanganiso zesikolo nalapho bebonisa ukukuvuyela le misebenzi ukuze igcine abantwana babo bexakekile bengenzi okungendawo. Indlela ekuye kwaphucuka ngayo unxulumano phakathi kwabo nabantwana. Ootitshala: Ubungqina obubonisa ukuqonda kwabafundi ngokukhawuleza. Ubungqina beziphumo zabo ezincumisayo. 29

Isiqu: Umhlathi 2 Ubungqina obuxhasa imbono Abafundi: Babeka ukudinwa nokungabi naxesha lakuphumla Imbono ebonisa ukungalungi kunye nobuninzi bale misetyenzana. kwale misebenzi yesikolo Ukungavakali kwengcaciso katitshala yasesikolweni ukuze yenzelwa emakhaya kube lula ukuyenza le misebenzi. Ukungafumani ncedo lululo emakhaya ngenxa yeemeko zabo zasemakhaya. Abazali: Izimvo zabazali ezisukela kumakhasi onxibelelwano nezibonisa ukungabi nathuba lokuncedisa abantwana. Ukunzinyelwa yile misebenzi kuba bengafundanga kuyaphi. Ootitshala: Ukukopiselana kwabafundi xa besenza le misebenzi ekhaya. Ukuphakama kweqondo lokungenziwa kwale misebenzi emakhaya. Iziphumo ezingancumisiyo zabafundi. Isiphelo Uluvo lombhali ebonisa indima yabazali ekuncediseni abafundi nootitshala. Iingcebiso: Abazali bafune abantu abafundileyo bokuncedisa abantwana emakhaya. Ootitshala banike imisetyenzana ecaciswe kakuhle ukuze ilungele abantwana. Imisebenzi elungiselela uviwo 1.Sebenzisa ezi zihloko zilandelayo ucubungule okulindelekileyo kwisihloko ngasinye. a. Isihloko: Yivoti yakho kuphela enokuzisa umahluko kwimpilo yabemi beli loMzantsi Afrika Kuthiwa bhala ngantoni? __________________________________________________ Uthi itheni? ___________________________________________________ b. Isihloko: Isibonelelo semali kulutsha olungaphangeliyo Kuthiwa bhala ngantoni? __________________________________________________ Uthi itheni? _____________________________________________________________ 2. Sebenzisa izihloko ezingentla wenze isicwangciso-zimvo ngesihloko ngasinye. 30

ISAHLUKO 3: UKUBHALWA KWESINCOKO KUSETYENZISWA IMIFANEKISO 3.1 injongo Kukuvuselela isakhono sobugcisa bokubhala kutolikwa okubonwayo. 3.2 Okulindelekileyo ● Phononga umfanekiso ● Qwalaselisisa okusemfanekisweni kwiinkalo zonke. ● Qwalasela zonke iinkcukacha ezibonakala emfanekisweni ezivuselele imvakalelo, imizwa nemifanekiso ngqondweni ekhokelela kwingcinga ngoko ungabhala ngako ngalo mfanekiso ● Qaphela ukuba ingaba okusemfanekiso kubonakala kukwimo yentshukumo okanye kuzinzile. ● Thathela ingqalelo imiqondiso okanye iimpawu ezithile ezinokuncedisa ukuqikelela isincoko sakho. ● Jonga indlela ezinxulumana ngayo zonke izinto ezikumfanekiso owunikiweyo.likhona na ikhonkco eliqhagamshela iindidi zezinto nemiqondiso neempawu ezithile naphakathi kwabantu nento ekhoyo. 3.3 Xa utolika umfanekiso zibuze le mbuzo ilandelayo: ● Ubona ntoni kulo mfanekiso uwunikiweyo? ● Yiyiphi eyona nto igqamileyo kwezi zikulo mfanekiso? ● Yintoni imbono ephambili etyhilwa ngulo mfanekiso? ● Zeziphi iingcinga/imvakalelo/iinkumbulo namava akufikelayo xa ujonge lo mfanekiso? ● Nguwuphi umyalezo odluliswa ngumfanekiso emva kokuba uwuhlalutyile? ● Luluphi udidi lwesincoko onokulubhala olungqamene nalo mfanekiso uwunikiweyo. (khumbula ukuba ungabhala naluphi na udidi lwesincoko). ● Thiya isihloko esihambelana nomfanekiso. 3.4 Isakhiwo Xa ubhala isincoko usebenzisa la manqaku alandelayo: ● Landela inkqubo yokubhala nokunikezela ngokuthi wenze isazobe sengqondo ngokwesihloko sakho. ● Dandalazisa iingongoma oza kubhala ngazo kuquka intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo sesincoko sakho. ● Bhala isincoko sakho uqinisekisa ukuba silandela isazobe sakho sengcinga/ ngqondo. ● Sebenzisa ipensile yakho ukuhlela isincoko ujonga upelo, iimpawu zobhalo, 31