Information Technology Grade 12 IEB Paper 1 2018 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2018 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I EXAMINATION NUMBER Time: 3 hours 180 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 28 pages and an Appendix of 1 page (i). Please check that your question paper is complete. 2. Read the questions carefully and make sure that you answer all parts of each question. 3. Answer on the question paper. Please make sure that you write your examination number in the blocks above. 4. Answer ALL questions – there are no options in this paper. 5. Show all working where applicable. 6. A non-programmable calculator may be used. 7. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. 8. There are two blank pages at the end of this paper. In case you run out of space when answering a question, use these pages. Clearly indicate the number of the question you are working on. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 2 of 28 SECTION A SHORT QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 DEFINITIONS Supply a concise definition for each of the following computing terms. 1.1 Freeware (2) 1.2 Cloud computing (2) 1.3 Archiving (2) 1.4 Multitasking (2) 1.5 Method overloading (2) [10] IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 3 of 28 QUESTION 2 MATCHING COLUMNS For each of the terms in Column A below, select the most correct definition in Column B, matching the letter to the question number. Merely write down the appropriate letter next to the question number. Column A Column B 2.1 embedded operating A. Reducing the number of files on your hard disk. system 2.2 network backbone B. A piece of software that uses data about your physical position to control features of an application. 2.3 location-based C. A data item created in a program. service 2.4 encryption D. An application for instant messaging. 2.5 object E. A string that translates back to an IP address to allow access to a website. 2.6 STP F. A specialised operating system built into a larger system. 2.7 file compression G. Single Transfer Protocol. 2.8 bridge H. An item in programming that contains fields and methods. 2.9 POP3 I. A device that only boosts the signal of a network. 2.10 domain name J. A part of a network that connects all other parts of the same network together. K. A form of bounded media that is less susceptible to interference. L. An email protocol that downloads messages to the mail client when the user connects to the mail server. M. A technique to reduce the size of a file. N. A web protocol. O. The process of encoding data. P. A device that creates a single network from multiple network segments and can reduce network traffic. Q. The process of password-protecting a file. 2.1 ___________ 2.2 ___________ 2.3 ___________ 2.4 ___________ 2.5 ___________ 2.6 ___________ 2.7 ___________ 2.8 ___________ 2.9 ___________ 2.10 ___________ [10] 20 marks IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 4 of 28 SECTION B SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES Consider the following scenario when answering the rest of the examination paper, unless the questions are of a general nature or you are otherwise instructed. GoodReads is a library in a South African village. The library aims to encourage children who live in the village to read more books. The librarian has decided that the library needs to introduce computer-based systems. A committee is giving technical advice. QUESTION 3 An old, unused PC was donated to GoodReads. The PC is intended to be used for keeping a database of the books in the library, issuing and returning of books, stocktaking, writing letters, calculating budgets, communicating via email and meeting the librarian's day-to-day computer needs. It has the following specifications: • Intel® Core™ 2 Duo CPU 2.4 GHz (Socket 775 LGA) • 2 GB DDR RAM • 1.2 GB HDD (mechanical hard disk) • 400 W power supply • 15 inch colour monitor • Microsoft® Windows® XP Home Edition The only computer store in the village has advised that the computer should be upgraded with the following: • Intel® Core™ i3 (dual core) 3.40 GHz (Socket 1151 LGA) • 4 GB DDR3 RAM • 1 TB SSD (solid-state drive) • 21 inch LED colour monitor 3.1 How many cores does the original processor have? (1) 3.2 A member of the committee has suggested that not all these upgrades might be possible considering the specifications of the original computer. 3.2.1 A member of the committee believes that 4 GB of RAM will not be enough because the operating system and user data could easily need more than 4 GB of storage. Another person has mentioned virtual memory. (a) What is virtual memory? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 5 of 28 (b) Explain how virtual memory will address the concern raised by the committee member. (3) 3.2.2 The proposed new drive is a solid-state drive (SSD). (a) When compared to a mechanical hard drive (HDD), how is data stored on an SSD? (1) (b) Another committee member suggests a hybrid drive should rather be used. What does a hybrid drive consist of? (2) 3.2.3 By comparing the original specifications with the proposed upgrade, and making use of your knowledge of hardware components, state TWO upgrades that might not be possible. Substantiate your answer with an explanation. Upgrade 1: Reason: Upgrade 2: Reason: (4) 3.2.4 Which part of the computer needs to be changed to make most of the upgrades possible? Justify your answer. (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 6 of 28 3.3 A committee member has suggested that a laptop might be a better option for the librarian than a desktop. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of a laptop and a desktop in this scenario. Your answers may not be opposites of each other, e.g. your advantage for a laptop may not be the opposite of your disadvantage for a desktop. Laptop Desktop Advantage Disadvantage (4) 3.4 The librarian would like to introduce e-books once the library computer system is fully operational. 3.4.1 What is an e-book reader? (2) 3.4.2 List TWO reasons why an e-book is more user-friendly than a print book. Reason 1: Reason 2: (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 7 of 28 3.5 Each book in the library needs to have a barcode that will be used to uniquely identify the book and assist with the issuing and returning of books. 3.5.1 What hardware device will be needed to read the barcode? (1) 3.5.2 The librarian has two options when using barcodes: use the standard barcode, which is on most books to identify the book, or have barcodes printed especially for the library, one for each book. Considering the scenario: (a) Justify using the standard barcodes on books. (2) (b) Justify having specific barcodes printed for the library. (2) 3.6 Virtualisation and cloud computing are current trends in computing. Explain to the librarian how Software as a Service (SaaS) could be used in the current scenario by naming any TWO applications used by the library. Explain how your chosen application could be implemented using SaaS. Name of Application 1: Explanation: Name of Application 2: Explanation: (4) 32 marks IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 8 of 28 SECTION C INTERNET AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION 4 The librarian wanted to expand the technology for members of the public to use in the library. In order to do this, a series of computers were purchased and installed in a peer-to-peer network. The librarian also wants Internet connectivity in the library for online research and to be in contact with other libraries. 4.1 What is a peer-to-peer network? (2) 4.2 Suggest and justify a network topology to be used in the library's peer-to- peer network. Topology: Reason: (2) 4.3 There is no landline connectivity available in the village. 4.3.1 Name ONE possible unbounded means to establish Internet connectivity in the library. (1) 4.3.2 What additional piece of hardware will be needed to allow any Internet connection to be used on the network? (1) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 9 of 28 4.4 Internet access has been established and it is proving very popular and library users want to bring their own mobile devices to the library to access the Internet. A Wi-Fi hotspot needs to be set up for these devices. 4.4.1 What is a Wi-Fi hotspot? (1) 4.4.2 The librarian is investigating ways to charge library users for Internet access on their personal devices. There are two options: charge for the amount of time a user is logged on to the hotspot, or charge for the amount of data used by a user. Compare the two proposed methods of charging by giving TWO factors about each method that should be considered when making a decision. Method/Factors Charge for time used Charge for data used Factor 1 Factor 2 (4) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 10 of 28 4.5 GoodReads, the village library, decided to create a library website to publicise the library and to make facilities available to people outside the village. 4.5.1 There are a number of different web protocols used on websites. Give an example of what a user will be doing on the website that would require the following protocols. • HTTP • HTTPS • FTP • WebDAV (4) 4.5.2 The librarian thinks the website should make use of Web 2.0 concepts. (a) What is meant by Web 2.0? (1) (b) Select TWO features commonly found on social media sites like Facebook or Instagram and explain how these could be used on the library website. Feature 1: Explanation: Feature 2: Explanation: (4) 4.5.3 Library users would like to be able to write reviews of books they have read and publish them on the website. The librarian is unsure whether a blog or a wiki would be more suitable for this. (a) What is a wiki? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 11 of 28 (b) Which TWO features of a wiki would make it suitable in this context? Feature 1: Feature 2: (2) (c) What is a blog? (2) (d) Which TWO features of a blog would make it suitable in this context? Do not repeat any of the features mentioned in (b) above. Feature 1: Feature 2: (2) (e) Would you recommend using a wiki or a blog? Justify your answer. (2) 4.6 Several books have been stolen from the library. In order to help prevent any further thefts, GoodReads wants to start using RFID (radio frequency identification) tags on the books. 4.6.1 What is an RFID tag? (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 12 of 28 4.6.2 Explain how RFID tags will help reduce theft in the library. (2) 4.6.3 Where would you suggest the RFID tags are placed on books? (1) 4.7 The librarian has been reading about peer-to-peer file sharing and that it can often lead to illegal activities. 4.7.1 Explain the concept of peer-to-peer file sharing. (2) 4.7.2 Compare peer-to-peer file sharing and peer-to-peer networking showing the similarities and differences between the two. You need to use ONE factor in your comparison. Your answers may not be opposites of each other. Method/Factor Peer-to-peer file Peer-to-peer sharing networking Factor (2) 4.7.3 Under what circumstances is peer-to-peer file sharing legal? (1) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 13 of 28 4.8 When viewing a number of overseas websites, the librarian notices that there is often a warning about the use of cookies. 4.8.1 What is a cookie? (2) 4.8.2 What is the purpose of a cookie on a website such as amazon.com? (2) 4.8.3 Explain why websites give a warning about their use of cookies. (1) 4.8.4 Explain TWO ways in which the website for the village library might make use of cookies. (2) 4.9 GoodReads wants to make audio recordings of books available via their website so that blind people can also benefit from the books in the library. 4.9.1 (a) What file type would you recommend using for the audio files created by the recording process? (1) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 14 of 28 (b) Should the audio file compression be lossy or lossless? Justify your answer. lossy / lossless (Circle ONE) Justification: (2) 4.9.2 The librarian has asked for advice as to whether the audio files should be streamed or downloaded from the website. Compare the two options (streaming vs downloading) by mentioning TWO factors about each technology. The factors you give may not merely be opposites of each other. Method/Factors Streaming Downloads Factor 1 Factor 2 (4) 4.9.3 Is it legal to make audio recordings of books and upload these recordings to the library website? Justify your answer. (2) 56 marks IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 15 of 28 SECTION D SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS QUESTION 5 Read the following extract from an article on cybersecurity and answer the questions that follow. Becoming cyber-smart 2016 was a significant year for cybersecurity. We saw the Russian "Fancy Bears" hacking team leaking athletes' medical data, the Tesco Bank hack, and the Bank of Bangladesh heist – where US$101 million was stolen in a cyber attack. And all this before we get to the alleged Russian hacking of the US election campaign ... The hackers and cyber criminals are improving their game. Amongst the most concerning developments is the continuing increase in ransomware, and the release of the Mirai malware onto the Dark Web in October 2016. Mirai can turn "Internet of Things" (IoT) devices such as webcams, CCTV systems and home broadband routers into a large, malicious network called a "Botnet", which can be used to undertake large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks against websites. Businesses – as well as the general public – will need to be smarter and adapt to these threats if they don't want to fall victim to an increasingly sophisticated and well-coordinated network of cyber gangs. [Adapted from: <http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/vince-warrington/2017-the-year-we-all- need_b_14101814.html> Accessed 25 January 2018] 5.1 What is meant by a DDoS attack in the above article? Explain how such an attack would affect a website. Do not merely expand the acronym. (3) 5.2 The extract refers to "ransomware", a form of cyber attack. 5.2.1 Describe how a ransomware attack could cause loss of data. (3) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 16 of 28 5.2.2 Name TWO techniques that everyday computer users can use to ensure they do not fall victim to a ransomware attack. Technique 1: Technique 2: (2) 5.3 Later in the article (not shown here), the author suggests that there is a lack of cybersecurity staff worldwide. This obviously presents several challenges to IT companies and leaves a gap in a vital aspect of their IT security. One option to help reduce this risk is to train current software developers, operations teams and tech support staff to learn about cybersecurity. Give TWO possible benefits of this approach for the individual organisation or individual employees. Benefit 1: Benefit 2: (2) 5.4 There are a number of simple techniques to help prevent certain forms of cyber attacks. One of these is to have secure passwords. List TWO characteristics of a secure password. Characteristic 1: Characteristic 2: (2) 5.5 Information overload is a worrying trend in the 21st century. 5.5.1 Define information overload with reference to human beings. (1) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 17 of 28 5.5.2 Assume you are the chief/leader of the village. Give ONE example of the effect that information overload might have on your day-to-day work activities. (2) 15 marks IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 18 of 28 SECTION E DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT QUESTION 6 GoodReads has a database that stores details of all the books in the library. The following data is stored in the database: Field Description BookID Unique ID for each book in the library Title The title of the book Genre The genre of the book Author The author of the book; first name and surname BirthCountry The country where the author was born TimesBorrowed A count of how many times the book has been borrowed MemberID The unique ID of the person who currently has the book if it is not in the library DaysOverdue The number of days the book is overdue, i.e. the number of days past the return date Fine The value of the fine the member must pay if the book is overdue Sample data for table tblBooks is shown below: tblBooks BookID Title Genre Author BirthCountry TimesBorrowed MemberID DaysOverdue Fine 1 The Fantasy JRR South Africa 59 4 0 Hobbit Tolkien 2 The Da Conspiracy Dan United States 48 3 20 Vinci Fiction Brown Code 3 Pride and Classic Jane United 18 6 4 Prejudice Austen Kingdom 4 Jamie's Cooking Jamie United 60 2 2 15 Minute Oliver Kingdom Meals 5 The BFG Children Roald United 59 1 0 Dahl Kingdom 6 Animal Satire George India 36 3 0 Farm Orwell 7 The Horror Stephen Australia 44 7 1 Shining King 8 Noddy in Children Enid United 78 1 3 Toyland Blyton Kingdom 6.1 BookID and MemberID have been suggested as the primary key. 6.1.1 What is a primary key made up of more than one field called? (1) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 19 of 28 6.1.2 Describe an insert anomaly that could result from this choice of primary key. (2) 6.1.3 Name TWO other types of anomalies. (2) 6.2 Assume BookID and MemberID are chosen as the primary key. It is good practice to normalise a database. This process identifies two types of data dependencies: partial and transitive. 6.2.1 Define a partial dependency. (2) 6.2.2 Define a transitive dependency. (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 20 of 28 6.3 The field Fine has been left blank on purpose. A fine is calculated as follows: for each day a book is overdue (past the return date), the person who has borrowed the book will be charged an amount of 50 cents. Example: the book The Da Vinci Code (BookID 2) is 20 days overdue. Therefore, the fine payable is R10,00. 6.3.1 What type of SQL query will need to be written to populate the Fine field? Choose from insert/select/update/delete. (1) 6.3.2 Complete the following SQL statement to calculate the overdue fine to be paid. The output field generated by your query should be headed "FinePayable". Exclude books that are NOT overdue. SELECT AS FROM WHERE (5) 6.3.3 Explain why defining a field that contains the number of days a book is overdue is not a good way to keep track of overdue books. (2) 6.3.4 (a) Suggest a different field to track the number of days a book is overdue. (1) (b) Describe how this field would be used to determine the number of days the book is overdue. (2) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 21 of 28 6.4 Data in a database must be protected and managed properly. If data is lost or changed incorrectly, we need to be able to know why and rectify the problem. 6.4.1 (a) What is an audit trail? (1) (b) How will an audit trail assist when data is changed incorrectly? (2) 6.4.2 How do we restrict who can make changes to data in a database? (1) 6.4.3 (a) What are parallel data sets? (1) (b) How will parallel data sets assist when data is changed incorrectly? (2) [27] IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 22 of 28 QUESTION 7 The library is now going to use an object-oriented programming (OOP) solution rather than a database. Book objects will be instantiated and stored in an array of Book objects named bookArr. Each object will have the following properties that should not be accessible from outside the Book class: bookID – integer title – string genre – string timesBorrowed – integer 7.1 Complete the blank class diagram below to represent the Book class. You should use the fields shown above. The Book class will need the following: • Accessor methods for the genre and timesBorrowed fields. • A mutator method for the title field. The mutator method should accept a string parameter "t". • A parameterised constructor method that will accept four parameters, "b", "t", "g", "tb", which correlate to the fields defined above. • A toString() method that will display all the fields of a Book object. Class name: Fields: Methods: (10) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 23 of 28 7.2 The librarian would like to know which genre is the most popular. This will be worked out based on the number of times a book is borrowed. Your assistance has been requested to help write an algorithm to answer her question. 7.2.1 What is an algorithm? (2) 7.2.2 Explain why an algorithm can be used to code programs in any programming language. (2) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 24 of 28 7.2.3 The algorithm to work out the most popular genre will form part of the BookArray class. The BookArray class is used to instantiate an array of Book objects, and to undertake other tasks. The array named bookArr is a field of the class and is declared together with an integer field called size to record the number of elements in array. Book [ ] bookArr size ← 0 A partial algorithm for a typed method called popularGenre() is shown below. You are required to complete the algorithm in the space provided. The bookArr array begins at index 0. method popularGenre() : String popular ← 0 position ← 0 //complete the algorithm here return "The most popular genre is:" + (6) IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 25 of 28 7.3 Another part of the OOP solution has an array that is used to store integer values. There appears to be some duplicate integers in this array, which should not be the case. A programmer has written an algorithm to remove these duplicate values and has coded it, but it is not working correctly. The algorithm he used to code his program has been given to you in Appendix A. The line numbers are for reference only. Assume the array has the following values: intArr[0] intArr[1] intArr[2] intArr[3] intArr[4] intArr[5] intArr[6] 1 2 2 4 6 9 11 To help find the problem, the programmer decided to use a trace table. You need to complete this trace table up to and including the step where size becomes 6 (when the outer loop controlled by variable i has executed once). IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 26 of 28 Step size i k p intArr intArr[i] = intArr[2]? Number [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 1 2 2 4 6 9 11 1 7 2 0 3 1 4 F 3 2 4 F 3 3 4 F 3 4 4 F 3 5 4 F 3 6 4 F 2 1 3 4 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 (10) [30] 57 marks Total: 180 marks IEB Copyright © 2018

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 27 of 28 Extra page IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PAPER I Page 28 of 28 Extra page IEB Copyright © 2018