Information Technology Grade 12 P1 2025 Memo (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2025 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 19 pages.

2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) NAME OF LEARNER: TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL QUESTION 1 QUESTION 2 QUESTION 3 QUESTION 4 TOTAL /35 /40 /45 /30 /150 MARKS QUESTION 1 MAX MARK ACHIEVED 1.1 BUTTON: [Q1.1 – Sun shape] Create a TShape object dynamically ✓ Set Parent to pnlOutput ✓ Set Shape to stCircle ✓ 6 Set Width and Height to 50 ✓ Set Brush.Color to clYellow ✓ Set Align to alClient. ✓ 1.2 BUTTON: [Q1.2 – Distance conversion] Read value from edtDistance and convert using StrToFloat ✓ Multiply by correct conversion factor (9.461) ✓ Store result in a suitable real variable ✓ 8 Round to nearest trillion ✓ Output to lblQ1_2.Caption ✓ "[x] ✓ light years is approximately [y] trillion km" ✓ Correct format for both [x] and [y] ✓ 1.3 BUTTON: [Q1.3 – Planet code generator] Read input from edtPlanet ✓ Get length of input ✓ Initialise an empty string ✓ Loop through each character ✓ Get ASCII value using Ord ✓ or alternative method 12 Test if ✓ ASCII value is odd using MOD 2 <> 0 ✓ Build ✓ result string using IntToStr ✓ Add hyphen - only between values (not at start or end) ✓ Display result in lblQ1_3.Caption ✓ Program works correctly with sample input ✓ 1.4 BUTTON: [Q1.4 – Habitability check] Correctly initialise and use a counter ✓ Check each checkbox and increment counter accordingly: cbxAtmosphere ✓ cbxWater ✓ cbxTemperature ✓ 9 cbxMagnetic Field ✓ Correct condition to check if 3 or more are selected ✓ Display correct message in correct component (Habitable) ✓ Else ✓ Display correct message in correct component (Unlikely) ✓ QUESTION 1 TOTAL 35 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 3 MAX MARKS QUESTION 2 MARK ACHIEVED 2.1 2.1.1 Button [Q2.1.1] 'SELECT PlanetType, sum(NumMoons) AS TotalMoons FROM tblPlanets GROUP BY PlanetType ORDER BY sum(NumMoons) DESC' SELECT correct field, ✓ sum(correct field) AS correct alias name ✓ 6 FROM correct table ✓ GROUP BY correct field ✓ ORDER BY correct field ✓ DESC ✓ *ORDER BY either version (with alias name or full expression) 2.1.2 Button [Q2.1.2] 'SELECT MissionName, LaunchYear, Success, PlanetName FROM tblPlanets, tblMissions WHERE tblPlanets.PlanetID = tblMissions.PlanetID AND PlanetType = ''Gas Giant'' AND Success = TRUE' SELECT correct fields ✓ FROM correct tables ✓ 6 WHERE link between tables (tblPlanets.PlanetID ✓ = tblMissions.PlanetID ✓) AND PlanetType = “Gas Giant” ✓ AND Success = TRUE ✓ *Link between tables can also be solved using an INNER JOIN *Boolean TRUE can also be written as -1 2.1.3 Button [Q2.1.3] 'INSERT INTO tblMissions (MissionName, LaunchYear, Success, Agency, PlanetID) VALUES (''Karoo Voyager'', 2025, TRUE, ''SAASA'', 5)' INSERT INTO correct table ✓ (correct field names) ✓ 4 VALUES correct data in the correct data type: strings bracketed by “ ”✓ Boolean and integer not bracketed by “ ”✓ *Boolean TRUE can also be written as -1 Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) 2.1.4 Button [Q2.1.4] 'UPDATE tblMissions SET Agency = ''SpaceX'', Success = TRUE, LaunchYear = ' + sYear + ' ' + WHERE PlanetID = 8 AND Agency = ''NASA'' AND Success = FALSE ' Assign current year to sYear variable ✓ * Accept: sYear := Copy(DateToStr(Now), 1, 4) or 6 FormatDateTime('yyyy', Now) UPDATE correct table ✓ SET correct fields ✓ Use of Dynamic variable sYear ✓ WHERE correct fields and data ✓ separated by AND ✓ *Boolean FALSE can also be written as 0 2.1.5 Button [Q2.1.5] 'SELECT Agency, count(*) AS TotalSuccess FROM tblMissions WHERE Success = TRUE GROUP BY Agency HAVING count(*) >= 3' SELECT correct field, ✓ count(correct field) AS correct alias name ✓ 6 FROM correct table ✓ WHERE correct field = TRUE ✓ GROUP BY correct field ✓ HAVING count(*) >= 3 ✓ *HAVING either version (with alias name or full expression) 2.2 2.2.1 Button [Q2.2.1] Add the following to the rich edit Number of planets + tblPlanets.RecordCount ✓ 2 Number of missions + tblMissions.RecordCount ✓ *Can be solved with a loop and manually assigned counters 2.2.2 Button [Q2.2.2] Retrieve selected planet name from combo box cmbPlanets ✓ Loop through tblPlanets to find a match with selected planet name ✓ Extract PlanetID from the matching record ✓ Loop through tblMissions ✓ using PlanetID and Success = True ✓ 10 Output the planet name as heading using bold formatting ✓ Check if any matching records are found ✓ If not, display message "No successful missions to [PlanetName]" ✓ If yes, loop through missions ✓ Display mission in format: MissionName (Agency, LaunchYear) ✓ QUESTION 2 TOTAL 40 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 5 MAX MARKS QUESTION 3 MARK ACHIEVED 3.1 3.1.1 Constructor Create Constructor heading with correct parameters ✓ correct data 4 type ✓ Assign parameters to attributes ✓✓ 3.1.2 Accessor Method – getDistance 3 Function heading with String value as return data type ✓ Return the correct message ✓ and conversion of fDistance ✓ 3.1.3 Mutator Method – setMoons 2 Procedure heading with Integer parameter value ✓ Add the parameter value to fMoons ✓ 3.1.4 Auxiliary Method - calcDensity Function heading with Real value as return data type ✓ Suggested solution Radius = fDiameter ÷ 2 ✓ 7 Volume = (4 ÷ 3) ✓ x Pi ✓ x Power(Radius, 3) ✓ Return ✓ (fMass * Power(10,24)) ✓ ÷ Volume *Any solution that correctly returns the density 3.1.5 Accessor Method – hasRings 2 Function heading with Boolean value as return data type ✓ Return fRings ✓ 3.1.6 ToString Method Function heading with String value as return data type ✓ 3 Build a string with correct labels, attributes, tab spacing ✓ Return the String ✓ Subtotal: Object class [21] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) 3.2 3.2.1 Button [3.2.1 - Instantiate Planet Object] Extract the planet name from the radio group rgpPlanets. ✓ Assign File ✓ Test to see if the text file exists. ✓ If the text file cannot be found, display a suitable message ✓ and Close the application. ✓ Loop through the text file ✓ o Read line ✓ o Use string handling to separate data ✓✓ 15 o Search for the correct planet. ✓ o If the planet is found, extract all the required values for the planet ✓ o Instantiate the new Planet object. o objPlanet ✓ := TPlanet.Create (correct parameters) ✓ If the planet is not found, display a suitable message. ✓ Display a message to the user that the Planet has been created. Planet instantiated ✓ 3.2.2 Button [3.2.2 – Update number of moons] 1 Use setMoons method with spin edit value to set attribute ✓ 3.2.3 Button [3.2.3 – Display] Determine if planet has moons using hasRings ✓ True = Yes ✓ False = No ✓ 8 Display the following information in the rich edit Display object using toString method ✓ Display Distance using getDistance method ✓ Display correct output of Rings (Yes/No) ✓ Display Density formatted correctly ✓ using calcDensity method ✓ [24] QUESTION 3 TOTAL 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 7 MAX MARKS QUESTION 4 MARK ACHIEVED 4.1 Button [4.1 – Display Grid] Add spacing before heading row (e.g. ' ' or similar) ✓ Create column heading row with numbers 1 to 8 ✓ Add heading to rich edit ✓ 8 Loop through 1 to 8 for each row ✓ Add row number at the start of each line ✓ Loop through each column within the row ✓ Concatenate cell content to the string correctly ✓ Add each row string to the rich edit ✓ 4.2 Button [4.2 – Route] Retrieve the selected column number from sedColumn ✓ Initialise a boolean variable e.g. bClear to True ✓ Loop through each row of the selected column ✓ Correct check for an asterisk ('*') in the column ✓ Set bClear to False if any asterisk is found ✓ 7 Correct conditional logic to determine final message ✓ Output correct message using rich edit ✓ Alternative Solution Instead of making use of a Boolean variable, asterisks are counted. If 0, then clear else not clear. Follow same mark allocation as above. 4.3 Button [4.3 – Safest Planet] Initialise max distance (iMaxDist) to an appropriate starting value ✓ Loop through 1 to 8 for each row ✓ Outer loop Loop through each column within the row ✓ Outer loop Correctly identify a planet using if ar2Solar[row,col] in ['Y','V','E','M','J','S','U','N'] ✓ Initialise minimum distance (iMinDist) to a large value ✓ Loop through 1 to 8 for each row ✓ Inner loop Loop through each column within the row ✓ Inner loop 15 Check every cell for asteroids ✓ Correct the calculation of distance using Abs(iRow - r) + Abs(iCol - c) ✓✓ Update iMinDist if current distance is smaller ✓ After checking all asteroids, compare iMinDist with iMaxDist ✓ Update iMaxDist, iBestRow, and iBestCol if this planet is currently the safest ✓ Output planet name using arrPlanets[Pos(...)] logic ✓ Output row, column, and closest asteroid distance to rich edit ✓ QUESTION 4 TOTAL 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) SAMPLE SOLUTIONS QUESTION 1 ////////// 35 Marks ////////// // =========================================================== // Question 1.1 - 6 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion1.btnQ1_1Click(Sender: TObject); begin /// Enter your code below /// shpBall := TShape.Create(pnlOutput); with shpBall do begin Parent := pnlOutput; Shape := stCircle; Width := 50; Height := 50; Brush.Color := clYellow; Align := alClient; end; end; // =========================================================== // Question 1.2 - 8 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion1.btnQ1_2Click(Sender: TObject); var rLightYears, rTrillionKM : Real; iRounded : Integer; begin /// Enter your code below /// rLightYears := StrToFloat(edtDistance.Text); rTrillionKM := rLightYears * 9.461; iRounded := Round(rTrillionKM); lbl1_2.Caption := FloatToStrF(rLightYears, ffFixed, 6, 0) + ' light years is approximately ' + IntToStr(iRounded) + ' trillion kilometers.'; end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 9 // =========================================================== // Question 1.3 - 12 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion1.btnQ1_3Click(Sender: TObject); var sPlanet, sCode : String; K, iASCII : Integer; begin /// Enter your code below /// sPlanet := edtPlanet.Text; sCode := ''; for K := 1 to Length(sPlanet) do begin iASCII := Ord(sPlanet[K]); if iASCII mod 2 <> 0 then begin if sCode <> '' then sCode := sCode + '-'; sCode := sCode + IntToStr(iASCII); end; end; lblQ1_3.Caption := sCode; end; // =========================================================== // Question 1.4 - 9 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion1.btnQ1_4Click(Sender: TObject); var iCount: Integer; begin /// Enter your code below /// iCount := 0; if cbxAtmosphere.Checked then Inc(iCount); if cbxWater.Checked then Inc(iCount); if cbxTemperature.Checked then Inc(iCount); if cbxMagneticField.Checked then Inc(iCount); if iCount >= 3 then lblQ1_4.Caption := 'This planet is potentially habitable.' else lblQ1_4.Caption := 'This planet is unlikely to be habitable.'; end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) QUESTION 2 ////////// 40 marks ////////// // =========================================================== // Question 2.1.1 - 6 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_1_1Click(Sender: TObject); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // var sSQL1: String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sSQL1 := 'SELECT PlanetType, sum(NumMoons) AS TotalMoons ' + 'FROM tblPlanets ' + 'GROUP BY PlanetType ' + 'ORDER BY sum(NumMoons) DESC'; // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // dbCONN.runSQL(sSQL1); if length(sSQL1) <> 0 then SetGridColumnWidths(dbgSQL); end; // =========================================================== // Question 2.1.2 - 6 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_1_2Click(Sender: TObject); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // var sSQL2: String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sSQL2 := 'SELECT MissionName, LaunchYear, Success, PlanetName ' + 'FROM tblPlanets, tblMissions ' + 'WHERE tblPlanets.PlanetID = tblMissions.PlanetID AND ' + 'PlanetType = ''Gas Giant'' AND Success = TRUE'; // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // dbCONN.runSQL(sSQL2); if length(sSQL2) <> 0 then SetGridColumnWidths(dbgSQL); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 11 // =========================================================== // Question 2.1.3 - 4 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_1_3Click(Sender: TObject); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // var sSQL3 : String; sLine : String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sSQL3 := 'INSERT INTO tblMissions ' + '(MissionName, LaunchYear, Success, Agency, PlanetID) ' + 'VALUES (''Karoo Voyager'', 2025, TRUE, ''SAASA'', 5)'; // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // dbCONN.executeSQL(sSQL3,dbgPlanets,dbgMissions,dbgSQL); if length(sSQL3) <> 0 then SetGridColumnWidths(dbgSQL); end; // =========================================================== // Question 2.1.4 - 6 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_1_4Click(Sender: TObject); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // var sSQL4: String; sYear: String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sYear := copy(DateToStr(now()),1,4); sSQL4 := 'UPDATE tblMissions ' + 'SET Agency = ''SpaceX'', Success = TRUE, LaunchYear = ' + sYear + ' ' + 'WHERE PlanetID = 8 AND Agency = ''NASA'' AND Success = FALSE ' ; // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // dbCONN.executeSQL(sSQL4,dbgPlanets,dbgMissions,dbgSQL); if length(sSQL4) <> 0 then SetGridColumnWidths(dbgSQL); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

12 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) // =========================================================== // Question 2.1.5 - 6 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_1_5Click(Sender: TObject); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // var sSQL5: String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sSQL5 := 'SELECT Agency, count(*) AS TotalSuccess ' + 'FROM tblMissions ' + 'WHERE Success = TRUE ' + 'GROUP BY Agency ' + 'HAVING count(*) >= 3'; // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // dbCONN.runSQL(sSQL5); if length(sSQL5) <> 0 then SetGridColumnWidths(dbgSQL); end; // =========================================================== // Question 2.2.1 - 2 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_2_1Click(Sender: TObject); begin // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // with redOutput do begin Clear; SelAttributes.Style := [fsBold]; Lines.Add('Solar System'); end; /// Enter your code below /// redOutput.Lines.add('Number of planets: ' + IntToStr(tblPlanets.RecordCount)); redOutput.Lines.add('Number of missions: ' + IntToStr(tblMissions.RecordCount)); end; // =========================================================== // Question 2.2.2 - 10 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion2.btn2_2_2Click(Sender: TObject); var sPlanetName, sAgency, sMission: String; iPlanetID: Integer; begin // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // redOutput.Clear; if cmbPlanets.ItemIndex = -1 then begin dbCONN.ErrorMessage('Please select a planet'); Exit; end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 13 with tblPlanets do begin Open; First; /// Enter your code below /// sPlanetName := cmbPlanets.Text; // Find PlanetID from tblPlanets while not Eof do begin if FieldByName('PlanetName').AsString = sPlanetName then begin iPlanetID := FieldByName('PlanetID').AsInteger; Break; end; Next; end; end; with tblMissions do begin // Filter missions to successful missions for that planet Filtered := False; Filter := 'PlanetID = ' + IntToStr(iPlanetID) + ' AND Success = True'; Filtered := True; redOutput.Clear; redOutput.SelAttributes.Style := [fsBold]; redOutput.Lines.Add(sPlanetName); if RecordCount = 0 then redOutput.Lines.Add('No successful missions to ' + sPlanetName) else begin Open; First; while not Eof do begin sMission := FieldByName('MissionName').AsString; sAgency := FieldByName('Agency').AsString; redOutput.Lines.Add(sMission + ' (' + sAgency + ', ' + FieldByName('LaunchYear').AsString + ')'); Next; end; end; Filtered := False; end; end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

14 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) QUESTION 3 ////////// 45 Marks ////////// // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.1 - 4 Marks // =========================================================== constructor TPlanet.Create(sName, sType: String; rDiameter, rMass, rDistance : Real; iMoons : Integer; bRings : Boolean); begin fName := sName; fType := sType; fDiameter := rDiameter; fMass := rMass; fDistance := rDistance; fMoons := iMoons; fRings := bRings; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.2 - 3 Marks // =========================================================== function TPlanet.getDistance: String; begin Result := 'Distance: ' + #9 + FloatToStrF(fDistance, ffFixed, 8, 1) + ' million km from the Sun.'; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.3 - 2 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TPlanet.setMoons(iMoons : Integer); begin fMoons := fMoons + iMoons; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.4 - 7 Marks // =========================================================== function TPlanet.calcDensity: Real; var rRadius, rVolume : Real; begin rRadius := fDiameter / 2; rVolume := (4 / 3) * Pi * Power(rRadius, 3); Result := (fMass * Power(10, 24)) / rVolume; end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 15 // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.5 - 2 Marks // =========================================================== function TPlanet.hasRings: Boolean; begin Result := fRings; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.1.6 - 3 Marks // =========================================================== function TPlanet.toString: String; begin Result := fName + #13#13 + 'Type:' + #9 + fType + #13 + 'Diameter:' + #9 + FloatToStr(fDiameter) + #13 + 'Mass:' + #9 + FloatToStr(fMass) + #13 + 'Moons:' + #9 + IntToStr(fMoons); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

16 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) // =========================================================== // Question 3.2.1 - 15 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion3.btn3_2_1Click(Sender: TObject); var MyFile : TextFile; sLine, sName : String; arrFields : array[1..7] of String; rDiameter, rMass, rDistance : Real; iMoons : Integer; bRings, bFound : Boolean; begin /// Enter your code below /// sName := rgpPlanets.Items.Strings[rgpPlanets.ItemIndex]; AssignFile(MyFile, 'Planets.txt'); try Reset(MyFile); except ShowMessage('FNF'); Exit; end; bFound := False; while (not eof(MyFile)) AND (bFound = False) do begin ReadLn(MyFile, sLine); arrFields[1] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Name delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[2] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Type delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[3] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Diameter delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[4] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Mass delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[5] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Distance delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[6] := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)-1); // Moons delete(sLine, 1, Pos(',', sLine)); arrFields[7] := sLine; // Rings if UpperCase(arrFields[1]) = UpperCase(sName) then begin bFound := True; rDiameter := StrToFloat(arrFields[3]); rMass := StrToFloat(arrFields[4]); rDistance := StrToFloat(arrFields[5]); iMoons := StrToInt(arrFields[6]); bRings := arrFields[7] = 'True'; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 17 objPlanet := TPlanet.Create(arrFields[1], arrFields[2], rDiameter, rMass, rDistance, iMoons, bRings); end; end; CloseFile(MyFile); if bFound then ShowMessage('Planet instantiated') else ShowMessage('Planet not found'); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // btn3_2_2.Enabled := True; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.2.2 - 1 Mark // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion3.btn3_2_2Click(Sender: TObject); begin /// Enter your code below /// objPlanet.setMoons(sedMoons.Value); // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // btn3_2_3.Enabled := True; end; // =========================================================== // Question 3.2.3 - 8 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion3.btn3_2_3Click(Sender: TObject); var sRings : String; begin /// Enter your code below /// sRings := 'No'; if objPlanet.hasRings then sRings := 'Yes'; redOutput.Lines.add(objPlanet.toString + #13 + objPlanet.getDistance + #13 + 'Rings: ' + #9 + sRings + #13 + 'Density: ' + #9 + FloatToStrF(objPlanet.calcDensity,ffFixed,25,2)); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

18 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) QUESTION 4 ////////// 30 Marks ////////// // =========================================================== // Question 4.1 - 8 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion4.btn4_1Click(Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol : Integer; sLine : String; begin // Provided code - DO NOT DELETE OR ALTER // redOutput.Clear; /// Enter your code below /// sLine := ' '; for iCol := 1 to 8 do sLine := sLine + ' ' + IntToStr(iCol); redOutput.Lines.Add(sLine); for iRow := 1 to 8 do begin sLine := IntToStr(iRow) + ' '; for iCol := 1 to 8 do begin sLine := sLine + ' ' + ar2Solar[iRow,iCol]; end; redOutput.Lines.add(sLine); end; end; // =========================================================== // Question 4.2 - 7 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion4.btn4_2Click(Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol : Integer; bClear : Boolean; sLine : String; begin /// Enter your code below /// iCol := sedColumn.Value; bClear := True; for iRow := 1 to 8 do if ar2Solar[iRow,iCol] = '*' then bClear := False; if bClear then sLine := 'Route ' + IntToStr(iCol) + ' is clear.' else sLine := 'Route ' + IntToStr(iCol) + ' is not clear.'; redOutput.Lines.Add(#13 + sLine); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2025) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 19 // =========================================================== // Question 4.3 - 15 Marks // =========================================================== procedure TfrmQuestion4.btn4_3Click(Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol, r, c : Integer; iMinDist, iDist, iMaxDist : Integer; iBestRow, iBestCol : Integer; ch : Char; begin /// Enter your code below /// iMaxDist := -1; // Loop through grid to find each planet for iRow := 1 to 8 do for iCol := 1 to 8 do begin ch := ar2Solar[iRow, iCol]; if ch in ['Y','V','E','M','J','S','U','N'] then begin iMinDist := 100; // Start with high value // Check distance to all asteroids for r := 1 to 8 do for c := 1 to 8 do if ar2Solar[r, c] = '*' then begin iDist := Abs(iRow - r) + Abs(iCol - c); if iDist < iMinDist then iMinDist := iDist; end; // If this planet is furthest from any asteroid if iMinDist > iMaxDist then begin iMaxDist := iMinDist; iBestRow := iRow; iBestCol := iCol; end; end; end; // Output result redOutput.Lines.Add(#13 + 'The safest planet is ' + arrPlanets[ Pos(ar2Solar[iBestRow, iBestCol], 'YVEMJSUN')] + ' at Row ' + IntToStr(iBestRow) + ', Column ' + IntToStr(iBestCol) + '.'); redOutput.Lines.Add('Closest asteroid is ' + IntToStr(iMaxDist) + ' units away.'); end; Copyright reserved Please turn over