Life Sciences Grade 11 P2 Eastern Cape November 2022 QP

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2022 LIFE SCIENCES P2 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 18 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question. 6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. 7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts ONLY when asked to do so. 8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. 9. Do NOT use graph paper. 10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass, where necessary. 11. Round off all calculations to TWO decimal spaces. 12. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.10 D. 1.1.1 The kingdom to which prokaryotic, unicellular organisms belong: A Protista B Fungi C Virus D Monera 1.1.2 Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a virus? A Cell membrane B Protein coat C Nucleus D Chromosomes 1.1.3 Which of the statements below represent a similarity between Bryophytes and Pterophytes? A Both divisions have vascular tissue B Both divisions reproduce by means of spores C Both divisions have a dominant sporophyte generation D Both divisions are thallus plants 1.1.4 Study the list below: (i) Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (ii) Offspring are genetically different from each other (iii) Only one individual is required for reproduction (iv) Increases chance of survival Which of the above statements represent an advantage of sexual reproduction? A (i) and (ii) B (ii) and (iii) C (ii), (iii) and (iv) D (ii) and (iv) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 1.1.5 Study the picture below which shows the feeding habits of six birds that all live on the same muddy lake shore. Which of the following community interactions does this picture best represent? A Parasitism B Mutualism C Resource partitioning D Commensalism 1.1.6 Seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit: A Nuts B Spores C Naked seeds D Cones 1.1.7 Which of the following would most affect the quality of water? A Building of a dam in a water catchment area B The construction of a golf estate on a wetland area C Alien invasive plants growing around a dam D Seepage of water through pyrite rock in mines Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5 The following graph refers to QUESTION 1.1.8 and 1.1.9. Thermal pollution affects the amount of dissolved oxygen present in water. The graph below indicates how the oxygen content of water in a river changes with an increase in temperature. 1.1.8 The following conclusion can be drawn from the graph: A As temperature increases the oxygen content increases B At 24 °C the oxygen content of the water would have halved C As water temperature increases the oxygen content decreases D A further increase in temperature would increase oxygen levels in the water 1.1.9 A certain species of fish can survive in water with a minimum oxygen content of 8 mg/L. At which temperature would you expect to find this fish in the river? A 40 °C B 35 °C C 32 °C D 24 °C (9 x 2) (18) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 Symmetry found in Porifera 1.2.2 Dominant generation in the life cycle of ferns 1.2.3 Name the vector responsible for transmitting malaria 1.2.4 The male whorl of a flower 1.2.5 Using an organism’s natural predator to control their number 1.2.6 The close relationship between two organisms where both organisms benefit 1.2.7 Illegal hunting or removal of organisms 1.2.8 Growing only one type of crop over a given area (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN Ι, applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE of the items in COLUMN ΙΙ. Write A only, B only, BOTH A and B, or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3) in the ANSWER BOOK. COLUMN Ι COLUMN ΙΙ 1.3.1 Advantage of fungi A Wine B Yoghurt 1.3.2 Root-like structures in moss A Thallus B Hyphae 1.3.3 Eutrophication A High nutrient content B Algal bloom (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7 1.4 Study the diagrams below. Charophytes Bryophytes Pterophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Millions of years ago (MYA) 0 Cenozoic B Mesozoic 100 A 200 300 C 400 Paleozoic D 500 E 600 Algae 1.4.1 Name the kingdom to which the above organisms belong. (1) 1.4.2 Name the plant divisions that were found on earth during the Palaeozoic era. (2) 1.4.3 How many million years ago did seed plants arise on earth? (1) 1.4.4 Give the scientific name for the division in which liverworts, hornworts and mosses are found. (1) 1.4.5 Which LETTERS represent the following characteristics? (a) Vascular tissue (1) (b) Fruit (1) 1.4.6 What is considered to be the ancestor of all land plants? (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 1.5 The data in the graph below represents the number of springbuck and cheetah in the Namaqua Game Reserve over 65 years. The springbuck is the natural prey of cheetah. The natural carry capacity for springbuck in this reserve is 325. After this number was exceeded the management of the reserve decided to introduce a culling program. 1.5.1 Name the relationship between cheetahs and springbucks. (1) 1.5.2 Provide definitions for the following words: (a) Carrying capacity (2) (b) Culling (2) 1.5.3 Which line (A or B), represents the cheetah population? (1) 1.5.4 Between which years did the springbuck population exceed the carrying capacity? (2) 1.5.5 In which year was the culling programme introduced for springbuck, according to the graph? (1) 1.5.6 Name ONE other density dependant factor, besides predation, that could naturally reduce the springbuck population. (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9 SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 Study the diagrams of the two flowers below. B C F D A E G Flower 1 Flower 2 2.1.1 Name the division/taxa to which flowering plants belong. (1) 2.1.2 Supply labels for: (a) Structure A (b) Whorl B (c) Structure C (3) 2.1.3 Give the LETTERS of the parts of Flower 2 that will drop off soon after fertilisation has occurred. (2) 2.1.4 Which flower (1 or 2) above, is wind pollinated? (1) 2.1.5 Give TWO visible reasons for your answer in QUESTION 2.1.4. (2) 2.1.6 Name TWO unique features of flowering plants that have allowed them to become the dominant plant species on Earth. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 2.2 Study the diagram and read the passage below. A C B SOUTH AFRICA PERSPECTIVE: TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis and is a serious public health issue in South Africa. About 450,000 people develop the disease every year, and 270 000 of those are also living with HIV. TB is South Africa’s leading cause of death. About 89 000 people die from it every year; that’s ten people every hour. HIV infection is a key factor in the TB epidemic. HIV sufferers have a higher risk of contracting TB and a greater chance of dying as they have a weaker immune system. A vaccine, called the BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) is used to prevent TB. It is more effective in children and its efficacy in adults is inconsistent. [Adapted from https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com-South Africa Perspective: Tuberculosis] 2.2.1 Name the genus to which the bacterium causing TB belongs. (1) 2.2.2 Why is a bacterium considered prokaryotic? (1) 2.2.3 Label structures: (3) (a) A (b) B (c) C 2.2.4 Explain how the BCG would give immunity. (3) 2.2.5 Tabulate ONE difference between a virus and a bacteria. (3) 2.2.6 Explain why HIV patients have a higher risk of contracting TB and dying. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 11 2.3 Amahle conducted an investigation to determine how different treatments affect the amount of fungi that grows on bread. • She took five slices of bread and treated each in a different way as follows: Slice 1: was left dry Slice 2: added 20 mℓ tap water Slice 3: added 20 mℓ lemon juice Slice 4: added 20 mℓ sugar water Slice 5: added 20 mℓ bleach (Jik) • A spray bottle was used to apply the treatment to make sure that it was evenly spread on the bread. • Each slice was placed in a ziplock bag and kept in a cupboard for one week. • After one week the bread was removed from the ziplock bags and she observed the growth of the fungi. • She calculated the percentage area of the bread covered by fungi. • The results are shown in the graph below. 90 Percentage area covered by fungi (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 lemon juice Lemon dry bread tapwater Tap bleach sugar water Sugar Bleach water water Treatment on bread 2.3.1 Why did Amahle put the bags in the cupboard? (2) 2.3.2 Name the independent variable. (1) 2.3.3 Explain why the dry bread was included in the experiment. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 2.3.4 State ONE way Amahle can improve the reliability of her investigation. (2) 2.3.5 Explain why fungi grows best on bread sprinkled with sugar water. (1) 2.3.6 Give TWO ways Amahle ensured that the results of this investigation were valid. (2) 2.4 The diagrams below show animals that belong to two different phyla. ORGANISM X ORGANISM Y A B 2.4.1 Name the kingdom to which both organisms belong. (1) 2.4.2 Name the phyla to which ORGANISM X belongs. (1) 2.4.3 What type of symmetry is shown by ORGANISM Y? (1) 2.4.4 Provide labels for tissue layers: (a) A (b) B (2) 2.4.5 Describe the role that ORGANISM Y plays in maintaining ‘healthy’ soil for plants to grow in. (4) 2.4.6 Write a comparison, of how the plans of the two organisms above are suited to their respective mode of movement. (4 x 2) (8) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 13 QUESTION 3 3.1 The table below shows the average atmospheric carbon dioxide level over 60 years. DIAGRAM 1: Greenhouse effect 1962 Year CO2 Concentration (parts per million) 1962 318,46 1967 322,13 1972 327,52 EARTH 1977 333,88 1982 341,09 DIAGRAM 2: 1987 348,99 Enhanced 1992 356,36 Greenhouse 1997 363,84 effect 2017 2002 373,08 2007 383,79 2012 393,85 2017 406,55 3.1.1 Why is it necessary for the natural greenhouse effect to be maintained? (2) 3.1.2 Name TWO human activities that cause an enhanced greenhouse effect. (2) 3.1.3 DIAGRAM 1 shows the natural greenhouse effect in 1962, while DIAGRAM 2 shows the enhanced greenhouse effect in 2017. Using the data in the table, explain the change shown in the diagrams. (3) 3.1.4 Explain how the increased climate change affects food security. (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 3.2 Rabbits were introduced to an Eastern Cape farm in 2006. Since then, the rabbit population has increased rapidly. The graph below shows how they have increased. E D C Population size Population size B A 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Year 3.2.1 Provide labels for phases: (a) B (1) (b) C (1) 3.2.2 Name the type of growth form shown in the above graph. (1) 3.2.3 Give the letter of the phase where: (a) Birth rate equals death rate (1) (b) Natality exceeds mortality by far (1) 3.2.4 Explain why the rabbit population size did not increase permanently after point E. (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 15 It was decided to determine the size of the rabbit population on a farm in 2020. Forty rabbits were collected at random. Each one was marked with a tag on its ear and then returned to the farm. After one week, a second random selection of rabbits was collected. The diagram below shows the rabbits that were caught during the second selection. 3.2.5 Name the technique that was used to determine the population of rabbits. (1) 3.2.6 Using the formula below, determine the number of rabbits on the farm in 2020. Number originally marked x Number in 2nd sample Population = Number marked in second sample (3) 3.2.7 Give ONE reason why the estimated size of the population may differ from the real population size. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 3.3 The population pyramids below show the population percentages of South Africa and Nigeria in 2020. 100+ 95-99 South Africa 2020 90-94 Population: 59 308 689 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Percentage of Males Percentage of Females 100+ 95-99 Nigeria 2020 90-94 Population: 206 139 587 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Percentage of Males Percentage of Females Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) LIFE SCIENCES P2 17 3.3.1 Define the term population. (2) 3.3.2 What percentage of the male population in South Africa is between 15 and 19 years old? (1) 3.3.3 Which age group makes up the greatest percentage of the population in South Africa? (1) 3.3.4 Which group, males or females, has a higher life expectancy in both countries? (1) 3.3.5 Which pyramid represents that of a developing country (South Africa or Nigeria)? (1) 3.3.6 Give TWO reasons for your answer in QUESTION 3.3.5. (2) 3.3.7 Name ONE density dependant factor that normally stops populations from growing in animals. (1) 3.3.8 Explain why the factor mentioned in QUESTION 3.3.7 has failed to control human populations. (2) 3.4 Read the article below. SOUTH AFRICA IS DROWNING IN ITS OWN WASTE South Africans produce enough municipal solid waste to fill an entire football field 10 metres deep, every day. This waste is disposed of at landfill sites. South Africans generate roughly 54 200 000 tons of general waste per year. Only 10% is recycled, whilst at least 90% is landfilled or dumped. This includes 48 million tons of hazardous waste such as mercury and asbestos containing products, brine, fly ash, waste oils and sewage. There has been a serious decline in the standard of landfill operation and management throughout South Africa, particularly at municipal level. The majority of municipalities do not comply with regulations of operating a landfill. There is a profitable solution to South Africa’s problem. Using waste in the generation of renewable energy and reducing the pressure on ESKOM. South Africa is in a WASTE CRISIS that requires immediate attention and action. A real concern is that we won’t even be able to pay for the problem to go away. [Adapted from http://award.org.za/index.php/2019/02/01/south-africa-is-drowning-in-its-own- waste-are-our-regulators-taking-this-crisis-seriously/] 3.4.1 Name TWO examples of hazardous waste found in South African landfill sites. (2) 3.4.2 Name the gas released by landfill sites that can be used in the generation of renewable energy. (1) 3.4.3 Calculate the number of tons of South Africa’s yearly waste that is recycled. (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 18 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 3.4.4 Give TWO problems that landfill sites cause for communities living around them. (2) 3.4.5 Describe ONE way a landfill site can be rehabilitated when it is full. (2) 3.4.6 Explain TWO waste management strategies you would recommend for South African municipal landfill sites. (4) TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRANDTOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over