History Grade 12 IEB Paper 1 2016 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2016 HISTORY: PAPER I SOURCE MATERIAL BOOKLET FOR SECTION B AND SECTION C IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I – SOURCE MATERIAL BOOKLET Page ii of v SOURCE A This is an extract describing some of the aims and functions of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The … Commission was given the task of establishing as complete a picture as possible of the causes, nature and extent of the gross human rights violations* committed in the period between 1 March 1960 and the cut-off date of 10 May 1994, by conducting investigations and holding hearings. It also had to grant amnesty to people who made full disclosures* of all the facts relating to those violations committed with a political objective*. In addition, the commission was required to restore the human and civil dignity of victims by recommending reparation measures. The commission had to compile a report of its findings and activities and recommend measures to prevent future violations* of human rights. [Adapted from: Krog, A, Mpolweni, N, Ratele, K 2009. There was this Goat: Investigating the Truth Commission Testimony of Notrose Nobomvu Konile. 1st ed. South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. pp. 41–42] * violations – abuses * disclosures – confessions * objective – aim SOURCE B This is an extract of Andy Ribeiro's personal experience of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). He was a victim of human rights violations during Apartheid. With the advent* in 1996 of the TRC process my family was faced with a dilemma*. We initially strongly opposed the TRC chiefly because of the truth for amnesty clause … The South African government then stated that if victims did not participate in the TRC process they would not be eligible to receive any aid, counselling or reparation from the government … This was a form of blackmail and it had the effect of dividing us children. (Paragraph 1) My brother Chris led the family delegation to the TRC hearings. We had to relive the whole painful memory of the death of our parents … The TRC gave amnesty to the people who murdered my parents. We only learnt of the amnesty verdict from the newspapers – nobody bothered informing us personally. It was an immoral* decision as the perpetrators did not show any remorse and neither did they divulge* the whole truth … (Paragraph 2) At the TRC hearings the murderers were well represented by … lawyers whose fees were paid by the government. We victims were not even afforded a counsellor to guide us through this traumatic TRC process. In actual fact, we as a family are very bitter about the TRC process. (Paragraph 3) After the TRC hearings the criminals returned to their families and continued normally with their lives … The perpetrators remain free today and have gone unpunished … We victims, on the other hand, have returned to our shattered lives faced with a deep sense of loss and despair, confronted with a life of poverty. There has been no reconciliation – just more pain and suffering whilst we are desperately crying out for JUSTICE. (Paragraph 4) [Adapted from: Presentation by Mr Andy Ribeiro. 2002. Stockholm International Forum. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.d.dccam.org > (Accessed 6 January 2016)] * advent – start * dilemma – problem * immoral – sinful * divulge – reveal/tell IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I – SOURCE MATERIAL BOOKLET Page iii of v SOURCE C This is an extract from a book by South African journalist Allister Sparks explaining how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was experienced by black and white South Africans. It is difficult to judge how this outpouring* has affected the South African public. For some black people it seems to have been cathartic* to be able to tell their stories and to hear the confessions … Boraine quotes Lucas Sikwepere who had been shot in the face by police and blinded, then badly tortured, as saying at the end of his testimony: "I feel what has been making me sick all the time is the fact that I couldn't tell my story. But now it feels like I got my sight back by coming here and telling you the story." … Many whites accused the TRC of being a witch- hunt and of stirring up hatreds that would make reconciliation impossible. [Adapted from: Sparks, A, 2003. Beyond the Miracle: Inside the New South Africa. 1st ed. Jeppestown: Jonathan Ball Publishers (PTY) LTD. p. 167] * outpouring – a passionate display or expression of feeling * cathartic – providing a sense of healing/providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions SOURCE D This is an extract from a South African website commenting on the achievements of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The TRC achieved some notable successes … Testimonies revealed many cases of rape, torture, deaths in detention, political assassinations, and even human burnings. The TRC granted amnesty to qualified perpetrators as a gesture of peace and reconciliation. In some cases, relatives of victims forgave individuals who admitted killing their loved ones … While the TRC may not have united the nation, its public engagement with South Africa's painful past helped to prevent a return to the political violence of a few years earlier and laid the foundation for a brighter future for all South Africans. [Adapted from: Unit 7. Exploring the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: South Africa Overcoming Apartheid Building Democracy. 2016. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu> (Accessed 16 January 2016)] SOURCE E This is an extract from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC's) 1998 final report on the role of the state in political violence in the 1990s. While the Truth and Reconciliation Commission found no evidence of a centrally-directed "third force", it says a network of serving and former security force members fomented* violence during the 1990s. The final TRC report … said the network collaborated* with right wing elements and Inkatha Freedom Party members to initiate and facilitate violence. The report said the network often operated with the active collusion* or knowledge of senior security force personnel – and the former government either deliberately, or by omission*, failed to act against them. [Adapted from: South African Press Association. 1998. THIRD FORCE FOMENTED VIOLENCE: TRC. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.justice.gov.za> (Accessed 6 January 2016)] * fomented – increased/encouraged * collaborated – worked together * collusion – agreement * omission – to exclude/exclusion IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I – SOURCE MATERIAL BOOKLET Page iv of v SOURCE F This is an extract from the findings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Amnesty Committee in 2000, on the role of the police in the June 1992 Boipatong Massacre. The credibility of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has been dealt another blow – this time by its own amnesty committee. In a recent ruling, the amnesty committee contradicted* the TRC's October 1998 report on a vital issue – police culpability* for the massacre of 45 people at Boipatong in the Vaal Triangle in June 1992. The committee found that Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters from the KwaMadala Hostel perpetrated* the killings on their own, without police help, and in revenge for repeated attacks by African National Congress (ANC) supporters. [Adapted from: Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory: O'Malley Heart of Hope. 2000. O'Malley Heart of Hope. [ONLINE] Available at: <https://www.nelsonmandela.org> (Accessed 6 January 2016)] * contradicted – challenged/disproved * culpability – guilt/blame * perpetrated – committed/did SOURCE G This is a cartoon commenting on the achievements of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in July 1998. Desmond Tutu points up the stairs [Shapiro, J, Zapiro, 1998: End of Part One, 1st ed., Cape Town, David Phillip Publishers, p. 139] IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I – SOURCE MATERIAL BOOKLET Page v of v SOURCE H This is an extract from an article written by Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu in 2014, in which he reflects on the successes and failures of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The commission played a magnificent role in facilitating the telling of the story of the true horrors of Apartheid. I believe truth is central to any healing process because in order to forgive, one needs to know whom one is forgiving, and why … (Paragraph 1) But healing is a process. How we deal with the truth after its telling defines the success of the process. And this is where we have fallen tragically short. Why? … Literally on the eve of the handover of the commission's report to President Mandela, the ANC took the commission to court in an attempt to force it to excise* from the report findings in respect of human rights violations committed by ANC members and supporters. (Paragraph 2) The commission was a beginning, not an end. It united South Africans around a common fire for the first time in history to hear the stories of our past, so that we could begin to understand each other … The tardy* and limited payments of reparations to victims of human rights violations eroded* the very dignity that the commission sought to build. The fact that the government did not prosecute those who failed to apply for amnesty undermined* those who did. (Paragraph 3) [Adapted from: Mail & Guardian. 2014. "Tutu: 'Unfinished business' of the TRC's healing" [ONLINE] Available at: <http://mg.co.za> (Accessed 7 January 2016)] * excise – remove * tardy – delayed/late * eroded – worn down/decreased * undermined – demoralised/damaged IEB Copyright © 2016