History Grade 12 IEB Paper 1 2016 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2016 HISTORY: PAPER I Time: 3 hours 200 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 11 pages and a Source Material Booklet of 5 pages (i–v). Please check that your question paper is complete. Remove the Source Material Booklet from the middle of the question paper. 2. Read the questions carefully. 3. All questions must be answered. 4. This paper consists of: Section A (Question 1–3), which includes: • Visual Source Analysis • Textual Source Analysis • Media Source Analysis – Current Issue in the Media AND Section B (Question 4–16), which includes: Source-Based Questions using the Source Material Booklet AND Section C, which includes a: Source-Based Essay using the Source Material Booklet 5. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered. 6. Leave a line open between your answers. 7. It is in your own interest to write legibly. Work in an orderly way and present your answers as neatly as possible. 8. Candidates must pay attention to the mark allocation. Unless otherwise indicated, two marks are awarded for a valid point. This means that a question carrying four marks requires two points. 9. Use the sources provided to formulate your answer unless specifically instructed to use your knowledge. IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 2 of 11 SECTION A INDIVIDUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS QUESTION 1 VISUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS This photograph, taken in 1965, shows an American soldier grabbing a Vietcong suspect during the Vietnam War. [Max Hastings. 2016. Mail Online. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk> (Accessed 11 January 2016)] 1.1 Use your own knowledge to briefly explain who the Vietcong were and what they were fighting for. Your answer should include TWO points. (4) 1.2 Explain how the Vietcong suspect is being shown in this photograph. Provide TWO visual clues from the source to support your answer. (6) 1.3 Do you think the photograph shows support for the American soldier? Explain your answer by including ONE visual clue from the source. (4) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 3 of 11 1.4 Explain what effect this photograph may have had on American public opinion on the USA's involvement in the Vietnam War in 1965. Your answer should consist of ONE point. (2) 1.5 The Vietnam War is often taught as a great struggle against colonialism in Vietnam. Explain how this photograph could be used to show this Vietnamese view. Your answer should consist of TWO points. (4) [20] IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 4 of 11 QUESTION 2 TEXTUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS This is an extract from an article written by Jeremy Cronin, former South African Communist Party (SACP) deputy general secretary, and African National Congress (ANC) national executive committee member. In it he reflects on the impact of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War on South Africa. This article was published in the Mail & Guardian, a South African newspaper, on 13 November 2009. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the end of one geopolitical* divide …Twenty years ago, citizens of the former German Democratic Republic began breaking down the Berlin Wall. This symbolic moment signalled the end of the East-West … divide that had seemed to dominate the world from 1945 … the collapse of the wall also marked the end of any alternative to capitalism … (Paragraph 1) The unravelling* of the Soviet bloc had an impact on our country … In his February 1990 speech, announcing the unbanning of the ANC, the SACP and others, FW de Klerk explicitly* cited* the "collapse of communism" as a motivating factor … (Paragraph 2) For its part the ANC-led liberation movement was also affected. In the 1960s and 1970s for the ANC … the existence of a seemingly powerful socialist counterbalance* to the major Western powers had been a welcome reality. The Apartheid regime was receiving major backing from the West. It was not just the SACP but also the ANC that based calculations on the prospects* for a meaningful liberation on the existence of a counter- balancing and supportive socialist bloc out there. By the late 1980s this reality had … changed. (Paragraph 3) From the perspective of the ANC-led movement, therefore, the opening up of the South African negotiations process in the early 1990s was the consequence of a paradox*. On the one hand there was a more favourable balance of domestic* forces. On the other hand there was a considerably less favourable international balance of forces. (Paragraph 4) … We were told we were embarking* on a wonderful new world … In 1989 the wall came tumbling down and … humanity was supposedly reborn free — and yet, today … everywhere the poor and marginalised* majority in the world are enchained … (Paragraph 5) [Adapted from: Jeremy Cronin. The New World Wars, 2009. Mail & Guardian. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://mg.co.za> (Accessed 1 January 2016)] * geopolitical – the relationship between a country's politics and its geography * unravelling – undoing * explicitly – clearly * cited – named * counterbalance – equal opposing force * prospects – hopes * paradox – a contradiction * domestic – local * embarking – to get on/getting on board * marginalised – keeping members of society away from the centre of power and influence 2.1 Provide TWO quotes from the source that suggest that the Cold War ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall (Paragraph 1). (4) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 5 of 11 2.2 Explain what Jeremy Cronin suggests about the new world order after 1989 when he states: "… the collapse of the wall also marked the end of any alternative to capitalism …" (Paragraph 1). Your answer should consist of TWO comprehensive points. (4) 2.3 Explain how the fall of the Berlin Wall helped to bring an end to Apartheid in South Africa (Paragraphs 2 and 4). Your answer should consist of TWO comprehensive points. (4) 2.4 How accurate is Jeremy Cronin's view on how globalisation has affected society (Paragraph 5)? Use your own knowledge to support your answer. (4) 2.5 Is Jeremy Cronin biased in his interpretation of the impact of the fall of the Berlin Wall? Support your answer with ONE piece of evidence from the source. (4) [20] IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 6 of 11 QUESTION 3 MEDIA SOURCE ANALYSIS – CURRENT ISSUE IN THE MEDIA This is an extract from an article, written by journalist Justice Malala, which appeared in The Times, a South African newspaper, on 5 December 2015. The Big Read: Mandela was no sellout Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema was struck by inspiration during his British tour last weekend and promptly revealed to the world that the late former president Nelson Mandela sold us all down the river during the democracy negotiations of the 1990s. (Paragraph 1) … Throughout the negotiations of the 1990s Mandela and his comrades were accused of being sellouts*. On 6 August 1990, when Mandela led the team that signed the Pretoria Minute and suspended the ANC's armed struggle, he was accused of being a sellout. He faced insurrection* from the ANC's ranks. His leadership, his ability to take his troops and followers along with him, prevailed* … (Paragraph 2) The years 1990–1994 were some of the bloodiest in SA's history. It was the will, the courage, the clear-headedness*, even the stubbornness, of Mandela and his comrades that got us through those years of darkness. (Paragraph 3) Was the 1994 settlement perfect? Hell, no. Was it what a victorious army running into the Union Buildings would have been content with? Of course not … It was the negotiation, the strategy and tactics, of Mandela and his comrades that gave us the glorious country, full of possibility, we have today. (Paragraph 4) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, humble son of the Eastern Cape, is not beyond critique*. (Paragraph 5) Yet there is a way to do it without tarnishing* his name. The greatest honour the likes of Malema can pay to the greats who have come before us would be to build on their great work, instead of denigrating* it. There is nothing to be gained there. (Paragraph 6) [Adapted from: Justice Malala, 2015. Times Live. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.timeslive.co.za> (Accessed 29 December 2015)] * sellouts – to be disloyal/to betray principles for a short-term advantage * insurrection – rebellion or uprising * prevailed – succeeded * clear-headedness – being sensible * critique – criticism * tarnishing – damaging/ruining * denigrating – insulting 3.1 Why does Justice Malala describe the years from 1990 to 1994 as "some of the bloodiest in SA's history"? Use your own knowledge. (2) 3.2 Provide ONE reason from Paragraph 2 that suggests Nelson Mandela "was a sellout" during the negotiations towards democracy. (2) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 7 of 11 3.3 What is the journalist's attitude towards the negotiated settlement of 1994? Provide ONE quote from Paragraph 4 to support your answer. (4) 3.4 The journalist makes use of propaganda techniques in this article to emphasise his view of Nelson Mandela. Identify ONE propaganda technique and support your choice with TWO words or phrases from the source. (6) 3.5 How reliable is this source for historians studying the role of Nelson Mandela in the 1990 to 1994 negotiation process in South Africa? (6) [20] 60 marks IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 8 of 11 SECTION B SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS Study the sources contained in the Source Material Booklet and then answer the following questions: Refer to Source A 4. Use the source to describe how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission planned to uncover the truth about human rights violations committed during Apartheid. Your answer should contain TWO clear points. (4) 5. Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hoped to achieve reconciliation. Your answer should contain TWO comprehensive points. (4) Refer to Source B 6. Does the author agree with the process followed by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Paragraphs 1 and 3)? Support your answer with THREE pieces of evidence from the source. (6) 7. Identify some of the problems associated with amnesty (Paragraph 2). Your answer should contain FOUR points. (8) 8. Explain why Andy Ribeiro felt the Truth and Reconciliation Commission had failed to achieve reconciliation (Paragraph 4). Your answer should include THREE points. (6) 9. Explain why you would regard Andy Ribeiro's view of the TRC as biased. Support your answer by using THREE pieces of evidence from the source. (6) Refer to Sources B and C 10. To what extent does Source C disagree with the conclusions made by Andy Ribeiro in Source B (Paragraph 4)? Support your answer with evidence from BOTH sources. (6) Refer to Source D 11. Using the information in the source, explain what the main achievements of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission were. Your answer should include THREE points. (6) Refer to Sources E and F 12. Was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission successful in revealing the truth about the events that took place at Boipatong? Use evidence from BOTH sources to support your answer. (8) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 9 of 11 13. Find a historical concept in Source E or Source F that best fits each of the following definitions. Write down only the historical concept. (No explanation is required.) 13.1 A group or political party that has conservative views and opposes political reform. (2) 13.2 An official pardon for someone who has committed a crime. (2) 13.3 A group of army and police who were suspected of stirring up violence between rival liberation movements in South Africa during the early 1990s. (2) 13.4 To deliberately and brutally kill a group of people. (2) 13.5 The ending of conflict and the restoring of friendly relations between people or groups who were previously in conflict with one another. (2) 14. Use your own knowledge to briefly identify who the following personalities were: 14.1 Nelson Mandela (2) 14.2 Desmond Tutu (2) 14.3 Mangosuthu Buthelezi (2) Refer to Source G 15. Use Source G to answer the following questions. Write down only the answer. (No explanation is required.) 15.1 Is this cartoon a primary or secondary source? (2) 15.2 What does this cartoon suggest the Truth and Reconciliation Commission achieved? (2) 15.3 Write down a visual clue that shows that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission exposed human rights violations. (2) 15.4 Provide TWO visual clues that show that reconciliation proved difficult to achieve. (4) IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 10 of 11 Refer to Source H 16. Use the source as well as your own knowledge to state whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write down only TRUE or FALSE. (No explanation is required.) 16.1 Desmond Tutu believed that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was successful in revealing the human rights violations from the Apartheid era. (2) 16.2 The payments made to victims who came forward to tell their stories allowed victims to experience justice for the crimes committed against them. (2) 16.3 The Truth and Reconciliation Commission's amnesty committee was a court of law with the ability to prosecute perpetrators for crimes they had committed. (2) 16.4 The actions taken by political parties to the publication of the Truth and Reconciliation report did not promote reconciliation. (2) 16.5 People who committed human rights violations during Apartheid had to apply for amnesty and if they did not, they were always prosecuted by the government. (2) 90 marks IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: HISTORY: PAPER I Page 11 of 11 SECTION C SOURCE-BASED ESSAY Use Sources A to H in the Source Material Booklet to write a source-based essay on the following topic: To what extent was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) successful in achieving its aims of truth and reconciliation? Be sure to use the sources provided to construct your argument and remember to reference the sources by letter. 50 marks Total: 200 marks IEB Copyright © 2016