Physical-Sciences-Physics-Grade-12-PS01-QP-March-2025-Limpopo.pdf

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MOPANI EAST DISTRICT PRESCRIBED EXPERIMENT 01 TERM 1 PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 TITLE: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM SURNAME FIRST NAME SCHOOL DATE Learner’s Marks: 25

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 INTRODUCTION Momentum is mass in motion. The amount of momentum of an object is determined by two variables, mass and velocity. Linear momentum (momentum in a straight line) can be defined as the product of mass and velocity. SECTION A The verification of the conservation of momentum can be determined experimentally during an explosion and a collision. AIM To verify the conservation of linear momentum during an explosion. APPARATUS Trolley track. Trolleys. Meter ruler. 2 Buffers (wooden plank or brick). METHOD 1 Place two trolleys, one of which contains a compressed spring, against each other on a smooth, horizontal floor. 2 Place another trolley on top of one of the other trolleys in Step 1. These two trolleys now represent a mass of 2m, while the single trolley represents a mass of 1m. 3. Place two sturdy wooden planks on both sides of the set-up (not further than 1-1,5 m from the set-up) as indicated in the diagram below. —.-:-

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 4 10 Release the spring of the one trolley so that the two trolley systems move apart. Listen to the collisions against the wooden planks. The trolley systems hit the wooden planks at different times, because the one trolley system moves more slowly than the other one — different velocities. Ax, Ax, By means of trial and error, find a position from which the trolley systems move so that both trolleys will hit the wooden planks on both sides at the same time. Only a single collision should be heard. Measure the distances Axi and Ax2 that each trolley moved from the starting point to the wooden plank. These distances represent the velocities of the two trolley systems respectively. Repeat the above mentioned procedure to obtain accurate results Repeat the above procedure for different numbers of trolleys. Record all your observations and results as in the table below Hand in your own complete scientific report containing = aim; = sketch of apparatus; = aclear method; = safety precautions; = results (tabular & graphic if appropriate); = interpretation; = conclusion. [Rubric = 6]

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 Scientific report Aim: Sketch of apparatus: Method: Safety precaution: Results: Interpretation: Conclusion:

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 SECTION B Table of results. Trolley system 1 Trolley system 2 [Velocity v2] Total momentum [Velocity vi] Mass Mass | Distance Distance Ax, (cm) | Momentum Momentum after rolle trolley | 4x, (cm) explosion (Trolley Cunit”) ( ¥ Cunit”) P unit) unit) Cunit”) Trial 1 Trial 2 Average Average (5) Marking criteria for table of results V for average velocity Vi /distance Ax: for trolley system 1 V for momentum (units) for Trolley system 1 V for average velocity Vi /distance Ax: for trolley system 2 V for momentum (units) for Trolley system 2 vV Total momentum after explosion INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 1. Explain why it is acceptable to consider the distances travelled by the trolleys as a measurement of their velocities. (1)

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 2. Give a reason why this experiment must be performed more than once. (1) 3. What recommendation can you make to improve the results of your experiment? (1) SECTION C: APPLICATION 7 A boy with a mass of 50 kg and a girl with a mass of 40 kg are standing on skateboards. They press their hands together and push each other apart as indicated in the sketch. The girl moves to the right at 1 m.s?. Il 7.1 What is the total momentum of the boy and girl before they move apart. (2) 7.2. Determine the velocity of the boy directly after they have moved apart. (4)

Grade 12 PHSC Experiment 1 NSC Mopani East /February 2025 LINEAR AIR TRACK 8. A collision instead of an explosion can be used to investigate conservation of momentum. The diagram below illustrates the collision of trolleys on an air track. Trolley A with mass of 2 kg and velocity of 1,5 m.s* to the right collides with a stationary trolley B with a mass of 1,5 kg. After the collision trolley A moves at 0,75 m.s* to the left and trolley B moves at 3 m.s* to the right. m=2kg at m= 15 kg Prove with a calculation that the momentum was conserved during this collision. (4) 9 In the verification of the conservation of momentum, why is it better to make use an air track rather than a trolley system? (1) Section A = 6 Sections B + C =19 TOTAL: 25