PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 QP SEPT 2024_Sesotho_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE KEREITI YA 12 LOETSE 2024 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (KHEMISTIRI) MATSHWAO: 150 NAKO: dihora tse 3 Pampiri ena e na le maqephe a 19, ho kenyelletsa le didatha shiti tse 4. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) MELAO LE TLHAISO-LESEDING 1. Ngola LEBITSO le FANE ya hao ka botlalo dibakeng tse nepahetseng BUKENG YA HO ARABELA. 2. Pampiri ena e na le dipotso tse ROBONG. Arabela dipotso TSOHLE BUKENG YA HO ARABELA. 3. Qala potso KA NNGWE leqepheng LE LETJHA BUKENG YA HO ARABELA. 4. Nomora dikarabo ka nepo jwalo ka ha ho nomorilwe pampiring ena ya dipotso. 5. Siya mola O LE MONG dipakeng tsa dipotswana tse pedi, mohlala, dipakeng tsa POTSO ya 2.1 le POTSO ya 2.2. 6. O ka sebedisa khaletjhuleitha e sa prokeremuwang. 7. O ka sebedisa dihlomo tse nepahetseng tsa mathamatikisi. 8. Bontsha difomulara TSOHLE le disabostitjhushene dikhaletjhuleisheneng TSOHLE. 9. QETELLONG atametsa dikarabo tsa hao ka ho bonyane dinomoro TSE PEDI tsa didesimale. 10. Fana ka tshehetso, dimanollo, le tse ding ka bokgutshwanyane moo ho hlokehang. 11. O eletswa ho sebedisa DIDATHA SHITI tse hokelletsweng. 12. Ngola ka makgethe le ka mongolo o balehang. Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 3 POTSO YA 1: DIPOTSO TSA KGETHO TSE FUWENG Ho fanwe ka dikgetho tse fapaneng ele dikarabo tse ka kgonehang dipotsong tse latelang. Kgetha karabo o be o ngola feela tlhaku (A-D) pela dinomoro tsa dipotso (1.1 ho ya ho 1.10) BUKENG YA HO ARABELA, mohlala 1.11 E. 1.1 Ke efe E LE NNGWE ho tse latelang di-homologous series e nang le hydroxyl group e bonduweng ho athomo ya carbon e saturated? A Ketones B Aldehydes C Alcohols D Esters (2) 1.2 Shebisisa khompaonde e bontshitsweng ka tlase: CH3 CH2CH3 H C C C H O H H Lebitso le NEPAHETSENG la IUPAC la khompaonde e ka hodimo ke: A 3-ethyl-2-methylpropanal B 2-methyl-3-ethylpropanal C 2-methylpentanal D 4-methylpentanal (2) 1.3 Shebisisa reekeshene: C3H6 + Cℓ2 → C3H6Cℓ2 Lebitso la reekeshene ke … A hydration B halogenation C hydrogenation D hydrolysis (2) Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) 1.4 Shebisisa methinya ya vapour pressure against temperature ya di-CHAIN ISOMER tse THARO tlasa standard atmospheric pressure. VAPOUR PRESSURE VERSUS THEMPHEREITJHARA Vapour pressure (kPa) A B C 101 T1 T2 T3 Themphereitjhara (K) Shebisisa diteitemente mabapi le methinya e MERARO ya di-CHAIN ISOMER. I Khompaonde ya A e na le chain length e kgutshwane haholo. II Boiling poente ya khompaonde ya B ke T2. III Khompaonde ya C e ho gaseous phase ho T2. Ke sefe seteitemente ho tse ka hodimo seo/tseo e leng nnete? A I le II feela B III feela C II le III feela D I le III feela (2) 1.5 Shebisisa synthesis reekeshene ya ammonia, NH3: N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ⇌ 2 NH3 (g) Reithi eo N2 (g) e sebedisitsweng nakong ya reekeshene ke 𝒙 mol·dm-3·s-1. Ke efe E LE NNGWE ho tse latelang eo reithi moo Ammonia, NH3 (g) e phorodusang ka mol·dm-3·s-1 ka ho bapisa le N2 (g)? A 𝒙 B 2𝒙 𝒙 C 2 D 3𝒙 (2) Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 5 1.6 Shebisisa reekeshene e latelang e ho ekwiliboriamo: CoCℓ42– (aq) + 6 H2O (ℓ) ⇌ Co(H2O)62+ (aq) + 4 Cℓ – (aq) Bolou Pinki Solushene ha jwale e pinki. Khonsentereithete hydrochloric asiti (HCℓ) e ekeditswe ho ekwiliboriamo mikisetjhara. Ke efe E LE NNGWE dikopanong tse latelang e hlalosang ka ho NEPAHALA tshusumetso eo keketso ya khonsentereithete hydrochloric asiti (HCℓ) e tla bang le yona ho ekwiliboriamo khonsetente, Kc le phetoho ya mmala wa solushene? Kc PHETHOHO YA MMALA A Ha ho tshusumetso Solushene e tjhenthja ho ba pinki haholo B Ha ho tshusumetso Solushene e tjhentjha ho ba bolou C E a ata Solushene e tjhentjha ho ba bolou D E a fokotseha Solushene e tjhentjha ho ba pinki haholo (2) 1.7 Ke efe E LE NNGWE ho disabosetense tse latelang e ka kgethwang e le Lowry-Brønsted asiti? A Na2CO3 B KOH C NH4+ D NaCℓ (2) 1.8 Shebisisa letswai, CH3COONa. Ke efe E LE NNGWE dikopanong tse latelang e hlalosang haeterolisisi reekeshene le pH ya letswai ka ho NEPAHALA? HAETEROLISISI pH A CH3COO– + H2O ⇌ CH3COOH + OH – E kgolo ho 7 B CH3COO– + H2O ⇌ CH3COOH + OH – E nyane ho 7 C Na+ + H2O ⇌ NaOH + H2O E kgolo ho 7 D CH3COO– + Na+ ⇌ CH3COONa E lekana le 7 (2) Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) 1.9 Shebisisa sele notheishene ya galvanic cell e ka tlase. Aℓ│Aℓ3+││MnO4– , Mn2+│Pt Ke efe E LE NNGWE ho tse latelang reekeshene e etsahalang ho cathode? A Mn2+ + 4 H2O → MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e– B MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e– → Mn2+ + 4 H2O C Aℓ → Aℓ3++ 3 e– D Aℓ3++ 3 e– → Aℓ (2) 1.10 Kgaba e pleituwe ka silver (Ag) nakong ya porosese ya eleketerolaesese. Ag kgaba Ag+ (aq) Ke efe E LE NNGWE ho tse latelang dikerafo e emetseng ka BOTLALO konsentereishene ya di-silver ion (Ag+) ho eleketerolaete ka mora nako? Konsentereishene A B Konsentereishene (mol·dm-3) (mol·dm-3) nako (s) nako (s) C D Konsentereishene Konsentereishene (mol·dm-3) (mol·dm-3) nako (s) nako (s) (2) [20] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 7 POTSO YA 2 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) Shebisisa diokanike khompaonde A–E tse ka tlase A B 3-methylbutanone C3H7Cℓ C D H H H CH3 │ │ │ │ H — C — C — H H — C — C ≡ C — C — H │ │ │ │ H H H CH2CH3 E H H O │ │ H — C — C — C — O — H │ │ H H 2.1 Hlalosa functional group. (2) 2.2 Ngola TLHAKU ya khompaonde e: 2.2.1 Nang le carboxyl group (1) 2.2.2 Nang le general fomulara CnH2nO (1) 2.2.3 Nang le empirical fomulara e leng CH2 (1) 2.3 E tla bapiswa jwang molecular mass ya khompaonde ya E ho ya ethyl methanoate? Kgetha ho E KGOLO HO NA LE, E NYANE HO NA LE kapa E LEKANA LE. Fana ka lebaka la karabo. (3) 2.4 Ngola: 2.4.1 SETERAKETJHARALE FOMULARA sa A. (2) 2.4.2 Lebitso la IUPAC la khompaonde ya E. (2) 2.4.3 Lebitso la IUPAC la khompaonde ya D. (3) 2.5 Khompaonde ya B ke sekhondari haloalkane. Teroya SETERAKETJHARALE FOMULARA sa khompaonde ya B. (2) 2.6 O sebedisa di-MOLECULAR FOMULARA, ngola ekweishene e balansitsweng ho khombaseshene e felletseng ya khompaonde ya D. (3) [20] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) POTSO YA 3 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) 3.1 Kamano dipakeng tsa boiling pointe le nomoro ya di-carbon ho di-SETEREYITI TJHEINE PORAIMARI ALEKOHOLE e ya fuputswa. Mothinya o latelang o a fumaneha: KERAFO YA BOILING POINT VERSUS NOMORO YA DI-C ATHOMO 500 400 Boiling pointe (K) 300 200 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nomoro ya di-carbon 3.1.1 Hlalosa boiling point. (2) 3.1.2 Ke efe tshwano ya seteraketjharale ho dialekohole tse etsang phuputso e be le tokafatso? (1) 3.1.3 Ke efe van der Waals fose e ikarabelang ho bontsha thrende mothinyeng ona? (1) 3.1.4 Ngola lebitso la IUPAC ya alekohole e nang le boiling point e batlileng e lekana le 410 K. (2) 3.2 Phuputso e nngwe e entswe ho fumana tshusumetso ya phapano ya diseteraletjhara ho boiling pointe. Tafole e ka tlase e bontsa dikompaonde tse fapaneng le molar mass tsa tsona tse sebedisitsweng phuputsong ena. KOMPAONDE MOLAR MASS (g·mol-1) A Butanone 72 B Butan-1-ol 74 C Propanoic acid 74 3.2.1 Ke efe khompaonde ho A, B kapa C e tla ba le boiling pointe e hodimo? (1) 3.2.2 Hlalosa ka botlalo karabo ho POTSO ya 3.2.1. (5) [12] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 9 POTSO YA 4 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) 4.1 Shebisisa diokanike reekeshene tse tharo, I, II le III ka tlase: I Pent-1-ene + HCℓ → Okanike khompaonde P (Meyija porodakete) II Okanike khompaonde P + NaOH → sekhondari alekohole Q + NaCℓ III Okanike khompaonde P + NaOH → Okanike khompaonte R + NaCℓ + H2O (Meyija porodakete) 4.1.1 Na pent-1-ene e SATURATED kapa UNSATURATED? Fana ka lebaka la karabo. (2) Ngola mofuta wa reekeshene o emetsweng ke: 4.1.2 Reekeshene ya II (1) 4.1.3 Reekeshene ya III (1) Ngola: 4.1.4 SETERAKETJHARALE FOMULARA sa khompaonde ya P. (2) 4.1.5 Lebitso la IUPAC la khompaonde ya Q. (2) 4.1.6 Reekeshene ya II le III di hloka tshebediso ya beise e seterong. Ngola dikhondishene tse tla ikamahanya le reekeshene ya II ho feta reekeshene ya III. (2) 4.1.7 Pent-1-ene le okanike khompaonde ya R ke di-isomer. Pent-1-ene le okanike khompaonte ya R ke mofuta ofe wa isomer? Kgetha ho FUNCTIONAL, POSITIONAL le CHAIN. (2) 4.2 Tayakeramo ya neheletsano e ka tlase e bontsha phetolelo ya butan-1-ol hoba butane gas. Bohato ba 1 Bohato ba 2 Butan-1-ol Okanike khompaonde ya X Butane Dikhemikhale tse latelang di ya hlokeha: H2SO4 e konsentereituweng Pt H2 Sebedisa DISETERAKETJHARALE FOMULARA TSE KONDENSUWENG, o ngole ekweishene e balansitseng o bontshe dikhemikhale tse sebedisitsweng bohatong ka bong ho porephesisha butane gas ho tloha ho butan-1-ol. (6) [18] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) POTSO YA 5 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) Reekeshene dipakeng tsa hydrochloric acid (HCℓ) E FETANG TEKANYO le zinc (Zn) e sebedisitswe ho fuputsa difekhetha tse susumeletsang reekeshene reithe. Ekweishene e balansitseng ya reekeshene ena ke: Zn (s) + 2 HCℓ (aq) → ZnCℓ2 (aq) + H2 (g) ΔH < 0 Diekeseperimente tse tharo di entswe mme fekhetha e le nngwe e tjhentjhuwe ekeseperimenteng ka nngwe. Volume e tshwanang ya hydrochloric acid le boima bo tshwanang ba di-zinc granule disebedisitswe ekeseperimenteng ka nngwe. Ekeseperimenteng ka nngwe hydrochloric acid e kupetsa zinc ka botlalo. Tafole e ka tlase e bontsha di-reaction condition. EKESEPERIMENTE KONSENTEREISHENE Cu (s) E TENG YA HCℓ (mol·dm-3) 1 0,5 Tjhe 2 0,8 Tjhe 3 0,5 E 5.1 Hlalosa reaction rate. (2) 5.2 Ngola investigative question ka ho bapisa diekeseperimente 1 le 2. (2) 5.3 Mothinya, o sa teroywang ho ya ka scale, o fumanwe bakeng sa volume ya hydrogen gas, H2 (g) e porojusitsweng ka mora nako e itseng ho ekeseperimente 1. VOLUME YA HYDROGEN GAS VERSUS NAKO Volume ya hydrogen gas (cm3) t1 t2 t3 nako (s) 5.3.1 Reithi eo hydrogen gas porojisitsweng pakeng tsa t1–t2 e ka bapiswa jwang le ya t2–t3? Ngola feela KA HODIMO HO, KA TLASE HO kapa E LEKANA LE. (1) Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 11 5.3.2 Teroya hape kerafo BUKENG YA HO ARABELA. Leibela mothinya ka ho hlaka e le A. Seteng ya di-axis e le nngwe, etsa seketjhe sa mothinya o tla fumaneha ho ekeseperimente ya 3. Leibela mothinya ona e le B. (2) 5.4 Reekeshene ho ekeseperimente ya 1 e nka 58 s ho fihlela e felella le average reaction rate eo hydrogen gas, H2 e porojusitsweng ka yona ke 8,39 cm3·s-1. Khaletjhuleitha initial mass ya zinc e sebedisitsweng ekeseperimenteng ka nngwe. Molar volume ya hydrogen gas (H2) ho 25 °C ke 24 000 cm3·mol-1. Jwale ekeseperimente ya 4 e khondakethwa ka ho nyolla themphereitjhara ya reekeshene mikisetjhara ho ekeseperimente ya 1. (5) 5.5 Ho tjhentjha hona ho ama reekeshene reithi jwang? Kgetha ho e a NYOLOHA, THEOHA kapa DULA E TSHWANA. (1) 5.6 Hlalosa karabo ya POTSO ya 5.5 ka ho ikamanya le collision theory. [16] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) POTSO YA 6 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) 6.1 Shebisisa hayephothethikale reekeshene e latelang e ho ekwiliboriamo: A (g) ⇌ 2 B (g) Datha e tafoleng e latelang e bontsha diekwiliboriamo tsa A (g) le B (g) dithemphereitjhareng tse fapaneng: Thempheritjhara (°C) A (mol·dm-3) B (mol·dm-3) 200 0,0125 0,843 300 0,171 0,764 6.1.1 Hlalosa Le Chaterlier’s principle. (2) 6.1.2 Na FOWADE kapa REVESE reekeshene e feivuwe ho 200 °C? Fana ka lebaka la karabo. (2) Ekwiliboriamo konsentereishene ya A ho 200 °C e tla afeketuwa jwang ke tse latelang: Kgetha ho e a NYOLOHA, THEOHA kapa HA HO TSHUSUMETSO 6.1.3 Pressure e a nyoloha. (1) 6.1.4 Ho eketswa ha khathalisiti e loketseng. (1) 6.1.5 Na fowade reekeshene e EXOTHERMIC kapa ENDOTHERMIC? (1) 6.1.6 Sebedisa Le Chatelier’s principle o itshetlehile ka datha e tafoleng ho hlalosa karabo ya POTSO ya 6.1.5. (3) 6.2 Qalong 1,05 moles tsa Bromine (Br2) di kwalletswe setshelong se senang letho. Reekeshene e latelang e etsahala ho 1 600 °C. Br2 (g) ⇌ 2 Br (g) Konsentereishene ya Bromine (Br2) ke 2,074 mol·dm-3 ho ekwiliboriamo. Ekwiloboriamo khonsetente, Kc ke 6,34 x 10-4 ho 1 600 °C Khaletjhuleitha volume ya setshelo. (7) [17] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 13 POTSO YA 7 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) 7.1 Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 ke asiti e matla e ayonaisang ka mehato e mmedi jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe diekweisheneng tse ka tlase: Bohato ba 1: H2SO4 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ HSO4 – (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Bohato ba 2: HSO4 – (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ SO42 – (aq) + H3O+ (aq) 7.1.1 Hlalosa se bolelwang ka strong acid. (2) 7.1.2 Fana ka lebaka le etsang hore sulphuric acid e nkuwe e le diprotic acid. (1) 7.1.3 Ngola khonjageithe beisi ya H3O+. (1) 7.1.4 Ngola FOMULARA ya sabosetense e sebetsang jwalo ka ampholyte nakong ya ionisation ya sulphuric acid. (2) Sulphuric acid e na le konsentereishene ya 0,1 mol·dm-3. 7.1.5 Khaletjhuleitha pH velu ka mora ho phethela ha ionisation. (4) 7.2 1,2 g ya anhydrous oxalic acid (H2C2O4) e disolefa ho etsa solushene ya 50 cm3. 7.2.1 Khaletjhuleitha konsetereishene ya oxalic acid, H2C2O4. (3) Baithuti ba disolefa x g ya sodium hydroxide, NaOH ho etsa solushene ya 2 dm3 ya sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq). Ba teranseferela solushene e leng 25 cm3 ya sodium hydroxide, NaOH ho volumetric folaseke mme ba eketsa distilled water ho etsa solushene ya 100 cm3 e daeluthuweng. Distilled water 2 dm3 100 cm3 x g NaOH 2 dm3 NaOH 25 cm3 NaOH Ba thaethereitha 43,8 cm3 ya diluted sodium hydroxide, NaOH solushene kgahlanong le 25 cm3 oxalic acid, H2C2O4 tse entsweng ho POTSO 7.2.1 ho fihlela endpoint. Ekweishene e balansitseng ke: H2C2O4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2C2O4 (aq) + 2 H2O (ℓ) 7.2.2 Khaletjhuleitha mass, x g ya sodium hydroxide e ileng ya sebediswa ho etsa solushene ya 2 dm3. (7) [20] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) POTSO YA 8 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) Standard electrochemical cell e hokahantswe jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe ka tlase. V Pb Pt Y Pb2+ (aq) Fe2+, Fe3+ (aq) 8.1 Hlalosa phethoho ya eneji e etsahalang seleng ena. (2) 8.2 Khomponente ya Y e nnetefatsa hore sele e felletse. Hlalosa mosebetsi e le nngwe o mong wa khomponente ya Y. (1) 8.3 Ngola hafo-reekeshene ya retakeshene. (2) 8.4 Khaletjhuleitha initial emf ya sele ena. (4) 8.5 E tla ameha jwang reading ya voltmeter, haeba: Kgetha ho E A ATA, E A FOKOTSEHA kapa E DULA E TSHWANA 8.5.1 Initial konsentereishene ya Pb2+ e a nyollwa. (1) 8.5.2 Safeise ereya ya Pt eleketerote e a nyollwa. (1) 8.5.3 Hafo-sele ya Pb│Pb2+ e tjhentjhwa ka ya Zn│Zn2+. (1) 8.6 Hlalosa karabo ya POTSO ya 8.5.3 ka ho ipapisa ka relative strength ya direjusing agent. (2) [14] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 15 POTSO YA 9 (Qala leqepheng le letjha.) Marothodi a mmalwa a phenolphthalein a ekeditswe ho solushene ya sodium chloride (NaCℓ) e konsenteretuweng. Solushene e dula e le khalalese. Di-carbon eleketerote tsa P le Q tse hokahantsweng leshaleng ditipilwe solusheneng jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe ka tlase. P Q NaCℓ (aq) 9.1 Hlalosa electrolysis. (2) 9.2 Ngola lebitso la khomponente e bontshang hore sele e ka hodimo ke electrolytic cell. (1) 9.3 Ngola LEBITSO kapa FOMULARA la/ya kgase e porojuswang ho eleketerote ya Q. (1) 9.4 Ngola hafo-reekeshene e etsahalang ho eleketerote ya P. (2) 9.5 Phenolphthalein e KHALALESE ho solushene e asitiki e be PINKI ho solushene e alekhalaene. Ngola mmala wa solushene ka ho eleketerote ya Q le fomulara ya sabosetense e ikarabellang mmaleng oo. (2) 9.6 Electrolytic cell e hokahanyeditswe tlhwekiso ya copper (Cu) ore e nang le di- impurity tsa zinc (Zn) le platinum (Pt). Ka mora ho felella ha tlhwekiso ya copper e impure, 1,38 x 10-2 mol tsa dieleketerone di teranseferuwe. Initial mass ya cathode ke 2 g. 9.6.1 Ke efe methale, ntle le copper, e tla okesetaesa? Kgetha ho Zinc kapa Platinum. (1) 9.6.2 Khaletjhuleitha mass ya cathode ka mora tlhwekiso. (4) [13] MATSHWAO KAOFELA: 150 Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NASIONALE SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY) DATHA YA FISIKALE SAENSESE KEREITI YA 12 PAMPIRI YA 2 (KHEMISITIRI) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TAFOLE YA 1: DIFISIKALE KONSETENTE LEBITSO/NAME LETSHWAO/SYMBOL BOLENG/VALUE Standard pressure p 1,013 × 105 Pa Standard pressure Molar gas volume at STP Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1 Molar gas volume ho STP Standard temperature Tθ 273 K Standard themphereitjhara Charge on electron e -1,6 × 10-19 C Tlhatjhe ya eleketerone Avogadro’s constant NA 6,02 × 1023 mol-1 Avogadro’s khonsetente TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TAFOLE YA 2: DIFOMULARA m n m n = M or/kapa c = V or/kapa c = MV pH= -log[H3O+] N ca Va na Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1x10-14 at /ho 298K n= N or/kapa = A cb Vb nb V n= V m Eθcell = Eθcathode–Eθanode / Eθsele = Eθcathode–Eθanode Eθcell = Eθreduction–Eθoxidation / Eθsele = Eθretakeshene – Eθokeseteishene Eθcell = Eθoxidising agent–Eθreducing agent / Eθsele = Eθkemedi e okesetaesang – Eθkemedi e rejusang Q Q q =IΔt n= e or/kapa n = q e Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 17 TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/TAFOLE YA 3: TAFOLE TA PHERIOTIKI YA DIELEMENTE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (I) (II) Nomoro ya athomiki (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII) KEY/ SESUPO Atomic number 1 2 H He 2,1 1 29 4 Eleketeroniketifiti Letshwao 3 4 Electronegativity 1,9 Cu Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be 63,5 B C N O F Ne 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Aporokosimeiti relative atomic mass Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar 0,9 1,2 Approximate relative atomic mass 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 3,0 23 24 27 28 31 32 35,5 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 0,8 1,0 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,6 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,4 2,8 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,8 1,9 2,2 2,2 2,2 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,5 86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn 0,7 133 0,9 137 139 1,6 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 1,8 204 1,8 207 1,9 209 2,0 2,5 87 88 89 Fr Ra Ac 0,7 0,9 226 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 232 238 Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 18 FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 (EC/LOETSE 2024) TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4A: DISETANDADE RETAKESHENE PHOTHENSHIALE Half-reactions/Hafo-reekeshene E θ (V) F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 H2O2 + 2H +2e + − ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn 2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ − + 1,36 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O + 1,33 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 MnO2 + 4H + 2e + − ⇌ Mn 2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 Pt2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20 Increasing oxidising ability/Kgoneho ya okesetaeseng e eketsehang Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07 − ⇌ Increasing reducing ability/Kgoneho ya rejusing e eketsehang NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 + Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 Fe 3+ +e − ⇌ Fe 2+ + 0,77 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 I2 + 2e − ⇌ 2I − + 0,54 Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 2H2O + O2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40 Cu 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu 2+ +e − ⇌ Cu + + 0,16 Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15 S + 2H + 2e + − ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06 Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13 Sn 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Sn − 0,14 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Cr 3+ +e − ⇌ Cr 2+ − 0,41 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Zn 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Zn − 0,76 2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83 Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Aℓ 3+ + 3e − ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 2+ Sr + 2e − ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Cs+ + e- ⇌ Cs - 2,92 K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93 + Li + e − ⇌ Li − 3,05 Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2024) FISIKALE SAENSESE P2 19 TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4B: DISETANDADE RETAKESHENE PHOTHENSHIALE Half-reactions/Hafo-reekeshene E θ (V) Li+ + e− ⇌ Li − 3,05 + K +e − ⇌ K − 2,93 Cs+ + e− ⇌ Cs − 2,92 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Sr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 3+ Aℓ + 3e − ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 Increasing oxidising ability/Kgoneho ya okesetaeseng e eketsehang Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Increasing reducing ability/Khoneho ya rejusing e eketsehang Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83 Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76 Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 3+ Cr + e − ⇌ Cr 2+ − 0,41 Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27 Sn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14 2+ Pb + 2e − ⇌ Pb − 0,13 Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 S + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15 Cu2+ + e− ⇌ Cu+ + 0,16 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2H2O + O2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 I2 + 2e − ⇌ 2I − + 0,54 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 + Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80 Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 − NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07 2+ Pt + 2 e − ⇌ Pt + 1,20 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 3+ 2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33 Cℓ2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2Cℓ− + 1,36 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 H2O2 + 2H+ +2 e− ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.