Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Prelim 2024 QP

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IBANGA 12 SEPTEMBA 2024 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMESTRI) AMANQAKU: 150 IXESHA: 3 iiyure Eli phepha linamaphepha ayi19, kuquka needatha shithi enamaphepha ayi4. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IINKCUKACHA NOLWAZI 1. Bhala iGAMA neFANI yakho ngokupheleleyo kwizithuba ezilungele oko KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 2. Eli phepha lemibuzo liqulethe imibuzo ELITHOBA. Phendula YONKE imibuzo KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 3. Qala umbuzo ngamNYE KWIPHEPHA ELITSHA KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 4. Nombola iimpendulo zakho ngokuchanekileyo ngendlela esetyenzisiweyo ukunombola eli phepha lemibuzo. 5. Shiya umgca omNYE phakathi kwemibuzwana emibini, umzekelo: UMBUZO 2.1 noMBUZO 2.2. 6. Ungayisebenzisa ikhalityhuleyitha engaprogranywanga. 7. Ungazisebenzisa izixhobo zeMathematika ezifanelekileyo. 8. Bonisa ZONKE iifomyula neesabstityushini kwiikhalityhuleyishini. 9. Sondeza inumerical answer yakho YOKUGQIBELA kwiindawo eziMBINI zedesimali ubuncinane. 10. Nika inxaso emfutshane, ingxoxo njl njl apho kuyimfuneko. 11. Uyacetyiswa usebenzise iiDATHA SHITI ezifakiweyo. 12. Bhala ngokucocekileyo nangokucacileyo Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 3 UMBUZO 1: IMIBUZO ENEEMPENDULO EZIKHETHWAYO EZINIKIWEYO Iindlela ezahlukileyo zinikwe njengeempendulo ezinokuchaneka kwimibuzo elandelayo. Khetha impendulo ze ubhale unobumba (A–D) kuphela ecaleni kweenombolo zemibuzo (1.1 ukuya ku1.10) kwiNCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA, umzekelo: 1.11 E. 1.1 Yeyiphi ENYE kwiihomologous series ezilandelayo ene hydroxyl group ebhondwe kwisatshureyithedi khabhoni athom? A Ketones B Aldehydes C Alcohols D Esters (2) 1.2 Qwalasela ikhompawundi eboniswe ngezantsi: CH3 CH2CH3 H C C C H O H H Igama ELICHANEKILEYO leIUPAC lekhompawundi engentla yi: A 3-ethyl-2-methylpropanal B 2-methyl-3-ethylpropanal C 2-methylpentanal D 4-methylpentanal (2) 1.3 Qwalasela ireaction: C3H6 + Cℓ2 → C3H6Cℓ2 Igama lereaction yi… A hydration B halogenation C hydrogenation D hydrolysis (2) Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 1.4 Qwalasela ivapour pressure against temperature curves yeeTHREE CHAIN ISOMERS eziphantsi kwestandard atmosopheric pressure. IVAPOUR PRESSURE VERSUS TEMPERATURE Vapour pressure (kPa) A B C 101 T1 T2 T3 Temperature (K) Qwalasela amabinzana ngokubhekisele kwiikhevu zeeTHREE CHAIN ISOMERS. I Ikhompawundi A unechain length emfutshane kakhulu. II Iboiling point yekhompawundi B ngu T2. III Ikhompawundi C ikwigaseous phase ku T2. Leliphi kumabinzana angentla elichanekileyo/achanekileyo? A I no II kuphela B III kuphela C II no III kuphela D I no III kuphela (2) 1.5 Qwalasela isynthesis reaction yeammonia, NH3: N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ⇌ 2 NH3 (g) Irheyithi ye N2 (g) esetyenziswe ngexesha lereaction ngu 𝒙 mol·dm-3·s-1. Yeyiphi ENYE kwezilandelayo eyireyithi apho iammonia, NH3 (g) iprodyuswa kwi mol·dm-3·s-1 ngokubhekisele kwi N2 (g)? A 𝒙 B 2𝒙 𝒙 C 2 D 3𝒙 (2) Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 5 1.6 Qwalasela ireaction elandelayo kwiekhwilibriyam: CoCℓ42– (aq) + 6 H2O (ℓ) ⇌ Co (H2O)62+ (aq) + 4 Cℓ – (aq) Bhlowu Pinki Isolushini ngalo mzuzu ipinki. Iconcentrated hydrochloric acid (HCℓ) yongeziwe kwiequilibrium mixture. Yeyiphi ENYE kwiindibabanisela ezilandelayo echaza NGOKUCHANEKILEYO impembelelo yokongezwa kweconcentrated hydrochloric acid (HCℓ) eyakuba nayo kwiequilibrium constant, Kc nokutshintsha kombala wesolushini? Kc UTSHINTSHO LOMBALA A Akukho Mpembelelo Isolushini itshintsha ibe pinki ngakumbi B Akukho Mpembelelo Isolushini itshintsha ibe bhlowu C Iyanda Isolushini itshintsha ibe bhlowu D Iyancipha Isolushini itshintsha ibe pinki ngakumbi (2) 1.7 Yeyiphi ENYE kwiisubstance ezilandelayo engahlelwa njengeLowry-Brønsted acid? A Na2CO3 B KOH C NH4+ D NaCℓ (2) 1.8 Qwalasela ityuwa, CH3COONa. Yeyiphi eNYE kwiindibanisela ezilandelayo echaza NGOKUCHANEKILEYO ihydrolysis reaction ne pH yetyuwa? HAYIDROLISISI i-pH A CH3COO– + H2O ⇌ CH3COOH + OH – Inkulu kuno 7 B CH3COO– + H2O ⇌ CH3COOH + OH – Incinci kuno 7 C Na+ + H2O ⇌ NaOH + H2O Inkulu kuno 7 D CH3COO– + Na+ ⇌ CH3COONa Ilingana no 7 (2) Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 1.9 Qwalasela icell notation yegalvanic cell. Aℓ│Aℓ3+││MnO4–, Mn2+│Pt Yeyiphi ENYE kwiireaction ezilandelayo eyenzeka kwicathode? A Mn2+ + 4 H2O → MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e– B MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e– → Mn2+ + 4 H2O C Aℓ → Aℓ3++ 3 e– D Aℓ3++ 3 e– → Aℓ (2) 1.10 Icephe lipleyitwe ngesiliva (Ag) ngexesha leprosesi ye-elektrolayisisi. Ag spoon Ag+ (aq) Yeyiphi ENYE kwiigrafu ezilandelayo ebonisa NGCONO ikhonsentreyishini yeesiliva ayoni (Ag+) kwielektrolayithi emva kwexesha? A B ikhonsentreyishini ikhonsentreyishini (mol·dm-3) (mol·dm-3) Ixesha (s) Ixesha (s) C D ikhonsentreyishini ikhonsentreyishini (mol·dm-3) (mol·dm-3) Ixesha (s) Ixesha (s) (2) [20] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 7 UMBUZO 2 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Qwalasela iioganikhi khompawundi A–E ezingezantsi A B 3-methylbutanone C3H7Cℓ C D H H H CH3 │ │ │ │ H — C — C — H H — C — C ≡ C — C — H │ │ │ │ H H H CH2CH3 E H H O │ │ H — C — C — C — O — H │ │ H H 2.1 Chaza ifunctional group. (2) 2.2 Bhala UNOBUMBA wekhompawundi e: 2.2.1 Necarboxyl group (1) 2.2.2 Nejenerali fomyula CnH2nO (1) 2.2.3 Ne-empirical fomyula engu CH2 (1) 2.3 Iyakuthelekiswa njani imolecular mass yekhompawundi E kwiethyl methanoate? Khetha kuINKULU KUNE, INCINCI KUNE or ILINGANA NE. Nika isizathu sempendulo. (3) 2.4 Bhala: 2.4.1 ISITRAKTSHARALI FOMYULA sekhompawundi A (2) 2.4.2 Igama leIUPAC yekhompawundi E (2) 2.4.3 Igama leIUPAC yekhompawundi D (3) 2.5 Ukhompawundi B yisecondary haloalkane. Zoba ISTRAKTSHARALI FOMYULA sekhompawundi B. (2) 2.6 Usebenzisa IiMOLECULAR FOMYULA, bhala ibhalansidi ikhweyizhini yecomplete combustion yekhompawundi D. (3) [20] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 3 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 3.1 Irelationship phakathi kweboiling point nenani leekhabhoni kwiSTRAIGHT CHAIN PRIMARY ALCOHOLS iphandiwe. Ikhevu elandelayo ifunyenwe: IGRAFU YEBOILING POINT VERSUS INAMBA YEE C ATHOM 500 400 iBoiling point (K) 300 200 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Inamba yeekhabhoni 3.1.1 Chaza iboiling point. (2) 3.1.2 Yintoni ukufana (similarity) kwestraktsha phakathi kwealcohols okwenza olu phando lungabi namkhethe (lubefair)? (1) 3.1.3 Yeyiphi ivan der Waals force enoxanduva lwetrend ebonwe kule khevu? (1) 3.1.4 Bhala igama leIUPAC lealcohol eneboiling point ekumyinge we410 K. (2) 3.2 Olunye uphando lwenziwe ukufumana ieffect of structural differences kwiboiling point. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iikhompawundi ezahlukileyo neemolar mass zazo ezasetyenziswa kolu phando. IKHOMPAWUNDI IMOLAR MASS (g·mol-1) A Butanone 72 B Butan-1-ol 74 C Propanoic acid 74 3.2.1 Yeyiphi ikhompawundi A, B okanye uC eyakuba neboiling point ephezulu? (1) 3.2.2 Cacisa ngokupheleleyo impendulo kuMBUZO 3.2.1. (5) [12] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 9 UMBUZO 4 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 4.1 Qwalasela iiorganic reaction ezintathu, I, II no III ngezantsi: I Pent-1-ene + HCℓ → organic compound P (Major product) II Organic compound P + NaOH → secondary alcohol Q + NaCℓ III Organic compound P + NaOH → organic compound R + NaCℓ + H2O (Major product) 4.1.1 Ingaba ipent-1-ene iSATURATED okanye iUNSATURATED? Nika isizathu sempendulo. (2) Bhala uhlobo lwereaction eboniswe nge: 4.1.2 Reaction II (1) 4.1.3 Reaction III (1) Bhala: 4.1.4 ISTRUCTURAL FORMULA secompound P. (2) 4.1.5 Igama le-IUPAC lecompound Q. (2) 4.1.6 Iireaction II no III zifuna kusetyenziswe ibheyisi estrongo. Bhala iikhondishini eziyakuhambelana nereeaction II endaweni yereaction III. (2) 4.1.7 Pent-1-ene neorganic compound R zii-isomers. Loluphi uhlobo lweisomer ipent-1-ene neorganic compound R? Khetha iFUNCTIONAL, iPOSITIONAL okanye iCHAIN. (2) 4.2 Iflowu dayagram engezanzi ibonisa ukutshintshwa kwebutan-1-ol ibe yibutane gas. Inqanaba 1 Inqanaba 2 Butan-1-ol Organic compound X Butane Iikhemikhali ezilandellayo ziyafuneka: Concentrated H2SO4 Pt H2 Usebenzisa iiCONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULAE, bhala ibhalansidi ikhweyizhini kwaye ubonise iikhemikhali ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinqanaba ngalinye ekulungisweni/ekwenziweni kwebutane gas ukusuka kwibutan-1-ol. (6) [18] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 5 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Ireaction phakathi kweEXCESS hydrochloric acid (HCℓ) nezinc (Zn) esetyenziswe ukuphanda iifektha eziphembelela ireaction rheyithi. Ibhalanisidi ikhweyizhini yale reaction ngu: Zn (s) + 2 HCℓ (aq) → ZnCℓ2 (aq) + H2 (g) ΔH < 0 Iieksperimenti ezintantu zenziwe kwaye ifektha enye itshintshiwe kwieksperimenti nganye. Ivolyum efanayo yehydrochloric acid nobunzima obufanayo beezinc granules zisetyenzisiwe kwieksperimenti nganye. Ihydrochloric acid igquma izinc yonke kwieksperimenti nganye. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iireaction condition. IEKSPERIMENTI ICONCENTRATION KA Cu (s) HCℓ EKHOYO (mol·dm-3) 1 0,5 Hayi 2 0,8 Hayi 3 0,5 Ewe 5.1 Chaza ireaction rate. (2) 5.2 Bhala i-investigative question xa uthelekisa ii-eksperimenti 1 no 2. (2) 5.3 Ikhevu, ayizotywanga ngokwescale, ifunyenwe ngevolyum yehydrogen gas, H2 (g) eprodyuswe emva kwexesha le-eksperimenti 1. VOLYUM YE HYDROGEN GAS VERSUS IXESHA iVolyum yehydrogen gas (cm3) t1 t2 t3 ixesha 5.3.1 Ingathelekiswa njani ireyithi ekuprodyuswa ngayo ihydrogen gas phakathi ko t1 – t2 kunaleyo ka t2 – t3? Bhala NGAPHEZULU KUNO, NGAPHANTSI KUNO okanye ILINGANA NO kuphela. (1) Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 11 5.3.2 Zoba kwakhona igrafu kwiNCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. Leyibhelisha ngokucacileyo ikhevu ngoA. Kwakule seti inye yee-ekzizi, sketsha ikhevu eyakufunyanwa nge-eksperimenti 3. Leyibhelisha le khevu ngoB. (2) 5.4 Ireaction ye-eksperimenti 1 ithatha i58 s ukuba igqibe ze iavareyiji reaction rheyithi ekuprodyuwsa ngayo ihydrogen gas, H2 ibengu 8,39 cm3·s-1. Khalityhuleyitha i-initial mass yezinc esetyenziswe kwieksperimenti nganye. Imolar volyum yehydrogen gas (H2) ku25 °C ngu24 000 cm3·mol-1. Ieksperimenti 4 ngoku ikhondakhthwa ngokonyusa ithempritsha yereaction mixture kueksperimenti 1. (5) 5.5 Olu tshintsho luzakuyichaphazela njani ireaction rheyithi? Khetha ku IYENYUKA, IYEHLA okanye IHLALA INJALO. (1) 5.6 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 5.5 ngokubhekisele kwicollision theory. (3) [16] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 6 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 6.1 Qwalasela ihypothetical reaction elandelayo ekwi ekhwilibriyam: A (g) ⇌ 2 B (g) Idatha ekwitheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ii-ekhwilibriyam concentration zika A (g) and B (g) kwiithempritsha ezahlukileyo: Ithempritsha (°C) A (mol·dm-3) B (mol·dm-3) 200 0,0125 0,843 300 0,171 0,764 6.1.1 Chaza iLe Chaterlier’s principle. (2) 6.1.2 Ingaba IFORWARD okanye iREVERSEI reaction fovoured ku200 °C? Nika isizathu sempendulo. (2) Iyakuchaphazeleka njani i-ekhwelibriyam concentration kaA ku200 °C zezi zilandelayo: Khetha IYANDA, IYANCIPHA okanye AKUKHO MPEMBELELO 6.1.3 Ipresha inyusiwe. (1) 6.1.4 Kongezwe isuitable catalyst. (1) 6.1.5 Ingaba iforward reaction iExothermic okanye ENDOTHERMIC? (1) 6.1.6 Sebenzisa iLe Chatelier’s principle ze ujonge kwidatha ekwitheyibhile ukucacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 6.1.5. (3) 6.2 Ekuqaleni, i-1,05 iimole zeBromine (Br2) zitywinelwe kwikhonteyina engenanto. Ireaction elandelayo yenzeka ku1 600 °C. Br2 (g) ⇌ 2 Br (g) Kwiekhwilibriyam iconcentration yeBromine (Br2) ngu2,074 mol·dm-3. Iekhwilibriyam constant, Kc ngu6,34 x 10-4 ku1 600 °C Khalityhuleyitha ivolyum yekhonteyina. (7) [17] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 13 UMBUZO 7 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 7.1 Isulphuric acid, H2SO4 yi-asidi esitrongo eionises ngamanqanaba amabini njegoko iboniswe ngeekhweyizhini ngezantsi: Inqanaba 1: H2SO4 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ HSO4 – (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Inqanaba 2: HSO4 – (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ SO42 – (aq) + H3O+ (aq) 7.1.1 Cacisa ithetha ntoni istrong acid. (2) 7.1.2 Nika isizathu kutheni isulphuric acid kusithiwa yidiprotic acid. (1) 7.1.3 Bhala iconjugate base yeH3O+. (1) 7.1.4 Bhala IFOMYULA yesubstance esebenza njenge ampholyte ngexesha le ionisation yesulphuric acid. (2) Isulphuric acid inekhonsentreyishini engu0,1 mol·dm-3. 7.1.5 Khalityhuleyitha ipH velyu emva kwecomplete ionisation. (4) 7.2 1,2 g yeanhydrous oxalic acid (H2C2O4) inyityikiliswa emanzini ukwenza i50 cm3 yesolushini. 7.2.1 Khalityhuleyitha ikhonsentreyishini yeoxalic acid, H2C2O4. (3) Abafundi banyibilikisa ix g yesodium hyidroxide, iNaOH ukwenza isolushini eyi2 dm3 yesodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq). Batransferela isolushini eyi25 cm3 yesodium hydroxide, NaOH solushini kwivolumetric flasikhi baze bongeza idistilled water ukwenza idayiluthedi 100 cm3 solushini. Idistilled water 2 dm3 100 cm3 x g NaOH 2 dm3 NaOH 25 cm3 NaOH Batrita (they titrate) i43,8 cm3 yedayiluthedi sodium hyidroxide, NaOH solushini ngokuchasene ne25 cm3 oxalic acid, H2C2O4 ebiyenziwe kuMBUZO 7.2. ukufikelela kwiendpoint. Ibhalansidi ikhweyizhini yi: H2C2O4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2C2O4 (aq) + 2 H2O (ℓ) 7.2.2 Khalityhuleyitha imass, x g yesodium hyidroxide ebisetyenzisiwe ukwenza i2 dm3 solushini. (7) [20] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 8 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Istandard electrochemical cell isetiwe njengoko ibonisiwe ngezantsi. V Pb Pt Y Pb2+ (aq) Fe2+, Fe3+ (aq) 8.1 Chaza ienergy conversion eyenzekayo kule seli. (2) 8.2 Ikhomponenti Y iqinisekisa ukuba iseli iphelele. Chaza umsebenzi OMNYE wekhomponenti Y. (1) 8.3 Bhala ireduction half reaction. (2) 8.4 Khalityhuleyitha i-initial emf yale seli. (4) 8.5 Iyakuchaphazeleka njani ireading yevoltmeter, ukuba: Khetha IYANDA, IYANCIPHA okanye IHLALA INJALO 8.5.1 I-initiali khonsentreyishini yePb2+ iyanyuswa. (1) 8.5.2 Isafeyisi eriya yePt electrode iyanyuswa. (1) 8.5.3 Pb│Pb2+ half-cell itshintswe ngeZn│Zn2+. (1) 8.6 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 8.5.3 ngokubhekisele kwirelative strength seereducing agent. (2) [14] Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 15 UMBUZO 9 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Amaqabaza ambalwa ephenolphthalein ongeziwe kwiconcentrated sodium chloride (NaCℓ) solushini. Isolushini ihlala ingenambala (colourless). Icarbon eletrodes P no Q ezikonekthwe kwibhetri ziditshwe kwisolushini njengoko kubonakalisiwe ngezantsi. P Q iNaCℓ (aq) 9.1 Chaza ielectrolysis. (2) 9.2 Bhala igama lekhomponenti ebonisa ukuba iseli engentla yielectrolytic cell (1) 9.3 Bhala IGAMA okanye IFOMYULA yegesi eprodyuswa kwielectrode Q. (1) 9.4 Bhala ihalf reaction eyenzeka kwielectrode P. (2) 9.5 IPhenolphthalein AYINAMBALA (is COLOURLESS) kwiacidic solution ze ibePINKI kwialkaline solution. Bhala umbala wesolushini around electrode Q nefomyula yesubstance responsible for the colour. (2) 9.6 Ielectrolytic cell isetelwe ukuphurifaya icopper (Cu) ore enezinc (Zn) neplatinum (Pt) impurities. Emva kokugqitywa kwepurification yeimpure copper, i1,38 x 10-2 mol ze-electrons zatransferwa. I-initial mass yecathode ngu2 g. 9.6.1 Yeyiphi imethali, ngaphandle kwecopper, eza kuoksidayizwa (oxidised)? Khetha kwiZinc okanye kwiPlatinum (1) 9.6.2 Khalityhuleyitha imass yecathode emva kwepurification. (4) [13] EWONKE: 150 Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IDATHA YEFIZIKHALI SAYENSI IBANGA 12 IPHEPHA 2 (IKHEMESTRI) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/ITHEYIBHILE 1: IIFIZIKHALI KONSTENTI IGAMA/NAME ISIMBOLI/SYMBOL IVELYU/VALUE Standard pressure p 1,013 × 105 Pa Istandard presha Molar gas volume at STP Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1 Imollar gas volume kwiSTD Standard temperature Tθ 273 K Istandard thempritsha Charge on electron e -1,6 × 10-19 C Itshaji kwielektroni Avogadro’s constant NA 6,02 × 1023 mol-1 IAvogadro konstenti TABLE 2: FORMULAE/ITHEYIBHILE 2: IIFOMYULA m n c = V okanye c = MV m pH= -log[H3O+] n= okanye M ca Va na Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1x10-14 ku 298K N n= N okanye = A cb Vb nb V n= V m Eθseli = Eθkathowudi–Eθanowudi Eθseli = Eθrhidakshini –Eθokshdeyishini Eθseli = Eθoksidayizingi eyijenti –Eθrhidyusingi eyijenti Q Q q =IΔt n= e okanye n = q e Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 17 TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/ITHEYIBHILE 3: IPHIRIYODIKHI THEYIBHILE YEE ELEMENTI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (I) (II) IAtHOMIKHI NAMBA (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII) KEY/IKHI Atomic number 1 2 H He 2,1 1 29 4 i-Elektronegethivithi iSimboli 3 4 Electronegativity 1,9 Cu Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be 63,5 B C N O F Ne 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Umyinge weerelative atomic mass Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar 0,9 1,2 Approximate relative atomic mass 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 3,0 23 24 27 28 31 32 35,5 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 0,8 1,0 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,6 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,4 2,8 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,8 1,9 2,2 2,2 2,2 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,5 86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn 0,7 133 0,9 137 139 1,6 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 1,8204 1,8 207 1,9 209 2,0 2,5 87 88 89 Fr Ra Ac 0,7 0,9 226 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 232 238 Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 18 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS ITHEYIBILE 4A: ISTANDADI RHIDAKSHINI POTENISHIYALI Half-reactions/Hafu rhiekshini E θ (V) F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 H2O2 + 2H +2e + − ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn 2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ − + 1,36 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O + 1,33 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 MnO2 + 4H + 2e + − ⇌ Mn 2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 Pt2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20 Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07 − NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Increasing oxidising ability/Ukkwenyuka kwe oxidising ability Increasing reducing ability/Ukwenyuka kwe reducing ability Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 + Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 Fe 3+ +e − ⇌ Fe 2+ + 0,77 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 I2 + 2e − ⇌ 2I − + 0,54 Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 2H2O + O2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40 Cu 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu 2+ +e − ⇌ Cu + + 0,16 Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15 S + 2H + 2e + − ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06 Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13 Sn 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Sn − 0,14 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Cr 3+ +e − ⇌ Cr 2+ − 0,41 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Zn 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Zn − 0,76 2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83 Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Aℓ 3+ + 3e − ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 2+ Sr + 2e − ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Cs+ + e- ⇌ Cs - 2,92 K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93 + Li + e − ⇌ Li − 3,05 Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 19 TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS ITHEYIBILE 4B: ISTANDADI RHIDAKSHINI POTENISHIYALI Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E θ (V) Li+ + e− ⇌ Li − 3,05 K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93 + Cs + e − ⇌ Cs − 2,92 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Sr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 Aℓ3+ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 2+ Mn + 2e − ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 Increasing reducing ability/ Ukwenyuka kwe reducing ability 2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83 Increasing oxidising ability/ Ukkwenyuka kwe oxidising ability Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76 Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 Cr3+ + e− ⇌ Cr2+ − 0,41 2+ Cd + 2e − ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27 Sn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14 Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13 3+ Fe + 3e − ⇌ Fe − 0,06 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 S + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15 Cu2+ + e− ⇌ Cu+ + 0,16 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2H2O + O2 + 4e − ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 I2 + 2e− ⇌ 2I− + 0,54 O2(g) + 2H + 2e + − ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 + Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80 Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 − NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07 2+ Pt + 2 e − ⇌ Pt + 1,20 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 3+ 2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33 Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ − + 1,36 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 H2O2 + 2H+ +2 e− ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 3+ Co + e − ⇌ Co 2+ + 1,81 F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Ushicilelo lusegcinweni Nceda utyhile Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.