Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Limpopo Mock 2025 QP

LIMPOPO PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 f PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2) i 5 SEPTEMBER 2025 s a " Pamarevara avate aY¥ute’ afave afiye mvairel bfete Tera Wave SIGTOTETATANa© eyete Kira ptere @7 ol’ MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 17 pages, 4 data sheets. Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Write your name and surname (and centre number if applicable) in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER BOOK/ANSWER SHEET. 2. This question paper consists of NINE questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. Bh Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK. 4. Non-programmable calculators may be used. 5, Appropriate mathematical instruments may be used. 6. Leave ONE line between two sub questions, e.g. between QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2. 7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 8. Data sheets are attached for your use. 9. Wherever motivations, discussions, et cetera are required, be brief. 10. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. 11. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 QUESTION1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS fal 1.2 1.3 1.4 Four possible options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each question has only ONE correct answer. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A — D) next to the question number (1.1 — 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.11 E Which one of the following compounds is unsaturated hydrocarbon? A. CHsCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CHs B. CHsCH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CHs3 C. CHsCH2CHCHCH2CH2CH2CHs D. CH3C(CHs3)2C(CHs)2CH3 = Which of the following is the functional group for ketones? A. Carbonyl group. B. Carboxyl group. C. Formyl group. D. Hydroxyl group. (2) Which of the following pairs of organic compounds are chain isomers? A. Butane and methyl butane. B. Hexane and 2,2 ~ dimethyl butane. C. 2—methyl pentane and 3 — methyl pentane. D. Pentanoic acid and methylbutanoate. Which one of the following compounds is a product of the cracking of octane? A. CH2CHa2. B. CH3CH2Cl C. CHsCH2Br D.CHsCHO (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.5 DoE/September2025 The Boltzman distribution curve for a certain gas at constant temperature is shown below: Number of molecules (n) Kinetic energy If the temperature of the gas is REDUCED by 20°C, the shape of the graph changes. What happens to the values of n for the kinetic energies Q, P and R? Q P R A Higher. Lower. Higher. B Higher. Lower. Lower. C_ | Lower. Higher. Lower. D Lower. Lower. Lower. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 1.6 Consider the following hypothetical reversible reaction below: M(g) + N(g) = O(g) + P(\) Two experiments in which the production of O was measured were carried out. The results are shown in the graph below. The same initial amounts of M and N were used. Amount of O(g) Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Time(s) What change in the conditions can explain the results shown? A. A lower pressure was used in experiment 2. B. A catalyst was used in experiment 2. C. A higher temperature was used in experiment 2. (2) D. A lower temperature was used in experiment 2. 1.7 Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the equivalence point of a reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide? (i) It is the point where the acid and the base have reacted so that neither is in excess. (ii) [Hs0*] = [OH] (iii) pH =7 A. (i) only. B. (i) and (ii). C. (i), (ii) and (iii). D. (ii) and (iii). (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.8 A beaker contains a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. A second beaker contains a solution of sodium hydroxide. Water is added to EACH solution. DoE/September2025 What happens to the pH of each solution? Hydrochloric acid solution Sodium hydroxide solution A Decreases. Increases. B Increases. Decreases. (2) Cc Decreases. Decreases. D Increases. Increases. 1.9 Consider the galvanic cell represented by the cell notation below: Ni(s)/Ni(NOs3)2(aq)//AgNO3(aq)/Ag(s) Which one of the following describes the movement of ions between the two half cells? Positive ions Negative ions A From Ni to Ag. From Ni to Ag. B From Ni to Ag. From Ag to Ni. [o} From Ag to Ni. From Ag to Ni. D_ | From Ag to Ni. From Ni to Ag. (2) y ti Which ONE of the half reactions below will occur at the POSITIVE electrode during the electrolysis of CuCl2(aq)? A. Cu** + 2e° > Cu B. 2H20 + 2e — H2 + 20H C. 2H20 — O2+4H* +2e° D. 2Cl > Clo+ 2e (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 QUESTION 2 The table below represents organic compounds. Study the table and answer the questions that follow. A | HCHO B |CHs-CHBr-CH2-C(CHs)s c | C(CHs)s p |CHs(CH2)2CHCH2 E | CxH, F | Methyl propanoate 2.1 Define the term chain isomer. (2) 22 Write down the: 2.2.1 Letter that represents a chain isomer of pentane. (1) 2.2.2 IUPAC name of compound B. (3) 2.2.3. IUPAC name of compound D. (2) —— GENERAL FORMULA of the homologous series to which compound D (4) belongs. 2.3 Draw a STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound F. (2) oA Write down a balanced equation, using MOLECULAR FORMULAE, for (3) ‘ the complete combustion of compound C. 2.5 To which homologous series does A belongs? (1) 26 Compound E is an alkane with an extra 20% of C-atoms than compound ‘ C. Determine the values of X and Y. (4) [19] Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 QUESTION 3 The melting and boiling points of the first four straight-chain alkanes are compared under the same conditions. Number of C atoms | Name Melting point | Boiling point 1 Methane 183 -162 2 Ethane -172 -89 3 Propane -186 -42 4 Butane -136 0 3.1 Define the term melting point. (2) 3.2 What CONCLUSION can be drawn from data in the table? (2) 3.3 How will the strength of intermolecular forces butane compare to its isomer? Write only STRONGER THAN, WEAKER THAN or EQUAL TO. (1) 3.4 Is this comparison fair or unfair? Give a reason to your answer. (2) as In which phase will propane be at room temperature? Write only GAS, ‘ LIQUID or SOLID. (1) 3.6 Explain the difference in boiling point between ethane and propane. (3) [11] Copyright reserved Please turn over

41 4.2 4.3 44 4.5 QUESTION 4 DoE/September2025 The flow diagram below shows different organic reactions.Compounds P, Q, R and S are organic compounds. Dilute KOH Camnaund P Cone. FeSO. Coamnaind R Reaction 1 2-chlorobutane Reaction 3 Conc. KOH aa oe a Compound S In ethanol Reaction 4 Reaction 1, Write down: 4.1.1 The TYPE of reaction. (1) 4.1.2 IUPAC name of compound P. (2) Consider reaction 2. 4.2.1 Write down the STRUCTURAL formula of compound R. (2) 4.2.2 Apart from concentrated sulphuric acid, what is the other condition for this reaction to take place? For reaction 3, write down: (1) 4.3.1 A balanced equation using STRUCTURAL FORMULAE for this reaction. (5) 4.3.2 | The IUPAC name of compound Q. (2) Reaction 4: compound S is an alkane. Write down the: 4.4.1 TYPE of reaction. (1) 4.4.2 NAME or FORMULA of a catalyst needed for this reaction (1) Compound §, can undergo cracking under certain conditions. 4.5.1 Define the term cracking. (2) 4.5.2 Except for high temperature and high pressure, what is the other condition required for compound S to undergo cracking? (1) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTION 5 DoE/September2025 Rolaids is a tablet which contains calcium carbonate as one of the active ingredients. A pharmacist wants to determine the rate of reaction between stomach acid and Rolaids. He performs an experiment using calcium carbonate powder and concentrated hydrochloric acid of concentration 0,1mol/dm’. He then performs the same experiment using a lump of calcium carbonate of the same mass as the powder. The reaction takes place according to the following chemical equation: CaCOs(s) + 2HCl(aq) — CaCle(aq) + H2O(I) + CO2(g) 5-1 Define the term rate of reaction. (2) 52 What type of reaction takes place between the Rolaids tablet and hydrochloric acid? (1) 5.3 The pharmacist repeated the same experiment using the same mass of calcium carbonate lumps. Which factor affecting the rate of reaction is the pharmacist investigating? (1) 5.4 What is the dependent variable for the investigation? (1) 55 In the second experiment 53cm® of carbon dioxide was produced in one minute. Calculate the average rate of reaction in mol.s™. (5) [10] QIUESTION 6 6.1 The following reaction is one of the steps in the production of sulphuric acid: 2S02(g) + O2(g) = 2SOa(g) AH = -196kJ/mol 6.1.1 Define the term chemical equilibrium. (2) 6.1.2 In an industry, they mix a certain moles x of sulphur dioxide with 0,5 mol of oxygen gas. The reaction proceeds until equilibrium is reached in a 2dmé* container. Upon analysis of the equilibrium mixture it was discovered that a quarter (%) of the initial number of moles of oxygen remains. The Kc value for this reaction is 10. Calculate the initial number 6) of moles of sulphur dioxide that was in the container. Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 6.1.3 Calculate the mass of sulphur dioxide that was sealed in the container. (3) 62 Certain changes were made to the equilibrium conditions. What effect will they have on the yield of SO3? Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or STAYS THE SAME. 6.241 Increase in temperature. (1) 6.2.2 Catalyst added. (1) 6.2.3 Pressure decreased. Use Le Chatelier’s principle to explain your choice. (3) [18] QUESTION 7 Ammonia is a weak base found in many household cleaning products. TA Define the term weak base. (2) In an attempt to determine the concentration of ammonia in a local carpet cleaner, Thabo added 20 cm* of the carpet cleaner to a 250cm*® volumetric flask and added water up to the 250 cm? mark. 31,2 cm° of this solution was neutralised by 25 cm’ of sulphuric acid of concentration 0,02 mol.dm? 72 Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH’, in the acid. (4) The balanced equation for the neutralisation reaction is; 2NHs (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —— (NHa)2SOa(aq) 7.3.1. Calculate the concentration of ammonia in the household cleaner. (7) At the equivalence point the pH of the mixture is not 7. State whether the 7.3.2 pH is ABOVE 7 or BELOW 7 and explain your answer using a relevant (4) equation. 74 A diprotic weak acid ionises in water in two steps as shown in the two equations shown below. § H2C2Oa(aq) + H2O(f) —————» — HC204"(aq) + H30* (aq) Il HC2O4(aq) + H2O(2) —————*® —_C204?"(aq) + H30* (aq) 74.1 Define the term ampholyte. (2) From the above reactions, write down the formulae of the: 7.4.2 Ampholyte. (1) 7.4.3 Two acids in equation I. (2) [22] Copyright reserved Please turn over

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.1 DoE/September2025 QUESTION 8 A galvanic cell is set up under standard conditions as represented by the cell notation below. Cr{Cr**(aq)||Sn**(aq)|Sn?*(aq)|Pt Define the term galvanic cell. (2) Write down the standard conditions under which this cell operates. (2) Write down the formula of the: 8.3.1 Cathode. (1) 8.3.2 Reducing agent. (1) What is the total concentration of tin ions in the electrolyte of the Sn half- cell? (1) Write down a balanced equation for the net cell reaction. (3) Calculate the initial Emf of the cell. (4) How does an increase in the initial concentration of Cr** ions affect the voltmeter reading? Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME (1) [16] QUESTION 9 Copper metal of very high purity is required to manufacture electrical copper cables. The diagram below shows an electrochemical cell used to purify copper. | Impure copper Pure copper <+—;— es J Acidified solution «/ of CuSO4 Define the term electrolysis. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September2025 9.2 Write down a balanced equation for the anode half reaction. (2) om Which electrode is the positive electrode of the cell? Write only PURE ‘ COPPER or IMPURE COPPER. (1) 9.4 The impure copper contains zinc, silver, gold and nickel as impurities 9.4.1 Identify one impurity that may be oxidised. (1) 9.4.2 Explain your answer to 9.3.1 (2) 9.4.3. State what happens to the impurities that are not oxidised. (1) A current was passed through the solution for a certain period of time. The electrodes were weighed before and after electrolysis. The results are shown in the table below. Mass of impure Mass of pure copper(g) copper(g) Before electrolysis 600 150 After electrolysis 390 320 9.5 Use the information in the table to calculate the percentage purity of the (4) impure copper. 9.6 What happens to the concentration of the electrolyte during the process? (3) Explain your answer. [16] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over

DoE/September 2025 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NASIONALE SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY) GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS / TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL | VALUE/WAARDE Standard pressure 6 p 1,013 x 10° Pa Standaarddruk Molar gas volume at STP Vin 22,4 dm*-molt Molére gasvolume by STD Standard temperature T° 273 K Standaardtemperatuur Charge on electron . e -1,6 x 107°C Lading op elektron Avogadro's constant Na 6,02 x 1075 mot" Avogadro se konstante TABLE 2: FORMULAE / TABEL 2: FORMULES m N n=— = M Na Vv c=" ORIOF c= n=—— V MV Var GN, ne =e H = - log[H30* c.V, My p g[Hs0*] Kw = [H3O*][OH] = 1 x 10° at/by 298 K @ _ fe _ Fe 0 0 0 Eee = Fated Erode TE Set = Exatode — E anode Or/of 0 @ 8 Fey == E reduction — E™ oxidation /E® ER sel — Freduksie ae ie oksidasie Or/of _E?° 6 _fé 0 _fd 9 E cet ~ ESaanag agent reducing agent TE Se ~ Eoesiaese middel ~ Eretusaar middel Copyright reserved

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Increasing oxidising ability/ Toenemende oksiderende vermoé Copyright reserved TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4A: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies = (Vv) F2(g) + 2e 2F- + 2,87 Co*+e = Co* + 1,81 H202+ 2H*+2e = 2H20 +1,77 MnO 4 +8H*+5e = Mn*+4H20 $1.51 Ch(g)+2e = 2Cf + 1,36 CrO? +44Ht+6e = 2Cr*+7H,O | +1,33 O2(g) + 4H* + 4e 2H20 + 1,23 MnO2+ 4H*+2e° = Mn? +2H20 +1,23 Pt*+2e = Pt + 1,20 Bro(t)+2e = 2Br +1,07 NO, +4H*+3e = NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Hg**+2e = Hog(t) +0,85 Agite = Ag +0,80 NO, +2H*+e = NOx(g)+H20 | +0,80 Fe* +e Fe* +0,77 O2x(g) + 2H* + 2e° = H202 + 0,68 le+2e = 2b + 0,54 Cui +e Cu + 0,52 SO2+4H*+4e = S$+2H,O +0,45 2H,0+0O2+4e = 40H- +0,40 Cu*+2e = Cu + 0,34 soz +4Ht+2e° + SOx(g)+2H20 | +0,17 Cu+e-> = Cut + 0,16 Sn‘** + 2e Sn?* +0,15 S+2H*+2e = HpS(g) +0,14 2H*+2e = Hag) 0,00 Fe*+3e = Fe — 0,06 Pb?*+2e = Pb -0,13 Sn*+2e = Sn ~0,14 Ni* + 2e Ni — 0,27 Co*+2e = Co — 0,28 Cd**+2e = Cd —0,40 Cr+ +e Cr’ -0,41 Fe*+2e = Fe —0,44 Cr++3e = Cr -0,74 Zn*+2e = Zn —0,76 2H20 + 2e = H2(g) + 20H —0,83 Crt++2e = Cr —0,91 Mn? +2e- = Mn —1,18 AU+3e = AL — 1,66 Mg?*+2e = Mg ~ 2,36 Nat+e = Na —2,71 Ca?* + 2e- Ca — 2,87 Srt+2e = Sr — 2,89 Ba%*+2e = Ba - 2,90 Cst+e Cs ~2,92 Kite = K ~2,93 Lite = Li — 3,05 DoE/September 2025 Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoé

Increasing oxidising ability/ Toenemende oksiderende vermoé Copyright reserved TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4B: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies = (V) Lite = Li ~ 3,05 Ktte = K — 2,93 Cst+e = Cs — 2,92 Ba’*+2e = Ba — 2,90 Sr++2e = Sr — 2,89 Ca** + 2e Ca ~ 2,87 Na*+e = Na —2,71 Mg**+2e° = Mg — 2,36 AS + 3e At — 1,66 Mn? +2e° = Mn ~ 1,18 Cr++2e- = Cr -0,91 2H20 + 2e = H2(g) + 20H — 0,83 Zn**+2e = Zn —0,76 Cr++3e = Cr —0,74 Fet+2e = Fe ~ 0,44 Ce++e = Cr+ —0,41 Cd**+2e = Cd —0,40 Co**+2e = Co —0,28 Ni +2e = Ni ~0,27 Sn**+2e = Sn — 0,14 Pb?* + 2e- Pb ~ 0,13 Fe* + 3e Fe — 0,06 2H*+2e = Hy2(g) 0,00 S+2H*+2e = HeS(g) +0,14 Sn*+2e = Sn* +0,15 Cue +e = Cut + 0,16 SO; +4H*+2e = $02(g)+2H:0 | +0,17 Cu*+2e = Cu + 0,34 2H20 +O2+4e- = 40H- +0,40 SQ,+4H*+4e = S+2H0 +0,45 Cu’+e = Cu +0,52 h+2e = 2i +0,54 O.(g) +2H*+2e = HeO2 + 0,68 Fe*+e- = Fer +0,77 NO; +2H*+e- = NO2(g) + H20 + 0,80 Ag'te = Ag +0,80 Hg +2e- = Hg(t) +0,85 NO, +4H*+3e = NO(g)+2H20 + 0,96 Br(t)+2e = 2Br +1,07 Ptt+2e = Pt + 1,20 MnO2+ 4H*+2e == Mn** + 2H20 +1,23 O2(g)+4H*+4e° = 2H2O + 1,23 CrO? +14H'+6e = 2Cr*+7H.O | +1,33 Ch(g)+2e = 2Ch + 1,36 MnO, +8H*+5e = Mn*+4H20 + 1,51 H2O2+2H*+2e = 2HO 44,77 Co*¥+e = Co* + 1,81 Fo(g)+2e = 2F- + 2,87 DoE/September 2025 Increasing reducing ability/ Toenemende reduserende vermoé