Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN Prelim 2018 Question Paper

Education KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AROSE ELAR AAS eS, PASSES EA AORTA EES g + GEOGRAPHY P1 PREPARATORY EXAMINATION SEPTEMBER 2018 MARKS: 225 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 17 pages and a 13 page Annexure. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 2 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION = This question paper consists of FOUR questions. 2) Answer ANY THREE questions of 75 marks each. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE. 4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered. 5: Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. hs Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK. 8. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. 9. Write clearly and legibly. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 3 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY Answer at least ONE question from SECTION A. If you answer ONE question from SECTION A you must answer both questions from SECTION B. QUESTION 1 1.1. Refer FIGURE 1.1 showing two pressure systems in the Southern Hemisphere. Indicate whether the descriptions below refer to pressure system A or B. Write only the answer next to the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in your ANSWER BOOK. You may use the same answer more than once. 1.1.1. Associated with unstable weather conditions. 1.1.2. Airis cold, dry and descending. 1.1.3 Known as the thermal low. 1.1.4 Air diverges from this pressure cell. 1.1.5 Also referred to as an anticyclone. 1.1.6 Causes north-easterly winds to blow over the east coast of South Africa. 1.1.7 Associated with convection thunderstorms. 1.1.8 Dominant over land in summer. (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2 which illustrates a fluvial feature. Choose the correct word(s) from those given within brackets. Write only the word(s) next to the question number (1.2.1 — 1.2.7) in your ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 The fluvial feature is a/an (delta / alluvial fan). 1.2.2 The feature is formed in the (upper / lower) course of the river. 1.2.3. The river flowing in this course has a (turbulent/laminar) flow. 1.2.4 The feature forms over a (steep / gentle) gradient. 1.2.5 The feature is formed at the (source / mouth) of the river. 1.2.6 The fluvial process responsible for this feature developing is (erosion / deposition). 1.2.7. The river channels in the fluvial feature are called (tributaries / distributaries). (7 x 1)(7) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 4 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 1.3. Study FIGURE 1.3 which shows a synoptic weather map of South Africa 1.3.1 Give ONE piece of evidence from the map to support the statement that the weather system passing over the southern parts of South Africa is a mid-latitude cyclone. (1x 1) (1) 1.3.2. Give TWO weather conditions associated with the passage of the cold front of the mid-latitude cyclone as it moves over the southern parts of South Africa. (2 x 1)(2) 1.3.3 Explain why the mid-latitude cyclone may be regarded as a blessing to the people of Cape Town. (2 x 2)(4) 1.3.4. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest possible precautionary measures and management strategies that farmers can implement to reduce the negative impact of the weather conditions associated with mid-latitude cylones. (4 x 2) (8) 1.4. Refer to FIGURE 1.4 showing an urban heat island over Durban. 1.4.1. Define the term urban heat island. (1x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Why are the highest temperatures not recorded over the CBD of Durban as expected? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3. Explain how the geometric shapes of the buildings and materials, such as tar, contribute to the high temperatures in the city. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.4. The concentration of pollutants over the CBD is greater during the night as compared to the day. Draw a fully labelled diagram to illustrate the resultant dust dome with the air circulation over the city at night. (4 x 1) (4) 1.4.5 The city authorities are concerned about the high temperatures over the city of Durban. Suggest TWO sustainable measures that can be put in place to reduce the temperatures in the city. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 5 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 1.5. Refer to FIGURE 1.5 which shows river capture on a landscape. 1.5.1 Define the term river capture. 1.5.2 Identify the features of river capture labelled A and B evident in FIGURE 1.5. 1.5.3 Explain ONE condition that could have led to river capture occurring in the mapped area. 1.5.4 Explain how the process of river capture influenced the formation of the Nieuwhoudt Falls. 1.5.5 Discuss the impact that river capture would have on industrial activity along river C in FIGURE 1.5 1.6 Study FIGURE 1.6 showing a cartoon and a sketch of a fluvial feature. 1.6.1 Name the type of profile of the river shown in the cartoon. 1.6.2 Provide ONE piece of evidence from the cartoon to support your answer to QUESTION 1.6.1. 1.6.3. Which TWO characteristics indicate that the river shown in the sketch is in its lower course? 1.6.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the impact of stream velocity (speed), on the development of slopes A and B in the river channel. Copyright Reserved (1.x 1) (1) (2 x 1) (2) (1 x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (3 x 2) (6) (1x1) (1) (1x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (4 x 2) (8) [75] Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 6 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC QUESTION 2 2.1. Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing berg wind conditions. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given. Write only the letter (A — D) next to the question number (2.1.1 — 2.1.7) in your ANSWER BOOK. 2.1.1. Berg winds are common in... A winter. B summer. Cc spring. D throughout the year. 2.1.2 The... high at A is associated with the formation of berg winds. South Atlantic South Indian Kalahari Thermal UQU>F 2.1.3 The general direction of movement of the frontal depression (C) is .. A westward. B eastward. Cc southward. D northward. 2.1.4 Winds at Durban are ... winds. A on-shore B maritime (e; sea breeze D off-shore 2.1.5 The cloud cover over the interior will be ... A overcast. B clear skies Cc partly cloudy. D scattered cloud. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 7 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 2.1.6 The air mass ... as it moves from A to B in its downward descent towards the coast. A cools adiabatically. B warms adiabatically Cc becomes hot and moist D becomes cool and dry 2.1.7 There could be a risk of ... along the east coast. A thunderstorms B flooding C fog D veldfires (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 Refer to FIGURE 2.2 showing the drainage density of two drainage basins of the same size. Indicate whether each of the following descriptions below refers to drainage basin A or drainage basin B. Write down only the letter A or B next to the question number (2.2.1 — 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. 2.2.1 A river that flows over gently sloping land 2.2.2 A drainage basin that experiences high rainfall 2.2.3 A drainage basin that has mainly permeable rock 2.2.4 A drainage basin that has mainly clay soil 2.2.5 A river that flows through hilly areas 2.2.6 Lush vegetation cover that prevents surface run off 2.2.7 A drainage basin that has porous and sandy soils 2.2.8 A drainage basin in an area with soft continuous rain (8 x 1) (8) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 8 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 2.3. Refer to FIGURE 2.3, an article on Cyclone Joyce and the Saffir-Simpson Scale used to classify tropical cyclones (hurricanes). 2.3.1. How many tropical cyclones occurred in the present cyclone season before Cyclone Joyce? (1x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Describe TWO climatic conditions that may have favoured the development of cyclone Joyce (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.3 Explain the impact that a category one storm could have on the infrastructure on the western coast of Australia (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, provide reasons why cyclone Joyce failed to reach the category three storm that was predicted. (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4 showing a valley in the Southern Hemisphere. 2.4.1 State ONE human activity that could alter (change) the micro-climate of the valley. (1 x 1)(1) 2.4.2 Give a reason for the dense vegetation at A on the south-facing slope in FIGURE 2.4. (1 x 2)(2) 2.4.3 Explain why the new suburb B was built at that particular position on the north-facing slope. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 During the cold winters nights, many people in the valley will burn fires to keep warm. Explain how these fires will contribute to the formation of smog. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 Discuss THREE ways in which smog will affect the quality of life of people living in the valley. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 2.5 2.6 9 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC Refer to FIGURE 2.5 showing a drainage basin. 2.541 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 255 Name the drainage pattern represented by A. Provide ONE piece evidence from the sketch to substantiate your answer to QUESTION 2.5.1 State the underlying rock structure which influenced drainage patterns A and B respectively. Discharge in the main stream in drainage basin A will increase during times of flooding. Explain this statement Provide TWO possible reasons why the illustrated landscape in FIGURE 2.5 may be considered an antecedent drainage pattern. Refer to the article in FIGURE 2.6 on river catchment management. 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3 2.6.4 Define the term catchment area. State how the uncontrolled growth of alien vegetation along the Mthatha river will decrease the potential of hydo-electric power generation in the future. Explain how human activities upstream along the Mthatha river, could impact on agricultural activities further downstream. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss sustainable measures that could be implemented to improve water quality in the Mthatha river catchment area. Copyright Reserved (1x 1)(1) (1 x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) (1x 1) (1) (1x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (4 x 2) (8) [75] Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 10 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC SECTION B: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question from SECTION B you must answer both questions from SECTION A. QUESTION 3 3.1. Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK, fore.g. 3.1.9 J. COLUMNA 3.1.1. A loose grouping of a few farmsteads involving primary activities COLUMN B A. New town \B. Dispersed settlement 3.1.2. The town that develops due to an important connection between roads iC. Extensive farming 3.1.3 Small-scale farming 'D. Gateway town 3.1.4 People can share ideas, machinery, tools E. Hamlet and services in this rural settlement F. Subsistence farming 3.1.5 The town that develops at a gap through a mountain range G. Nucleated settlement 3.1.6 A settlement where the houses are far H. Informal settlement apart from one another |. Junction town 3.1.7 A town built to reduce overcrowding in an urban area 3.1.8 An unplanned residential area (8 x 1) (8) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 ne September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 3.2 Study the map in FIGURE 3.2 which shows the FOUR core industrial regions in South Africa. Indicate whether the descriptions below refer to industrial area A, B, C or D. You may use the option letter more than once. 3.2.1 This industrial region has the largest number of industries. 3.2.2 The industrial region where sugar refining and soap making takes place. 3.2.3 Fish and fruit are the raw materials for many industries in this region. 3.2.4 The industrial region that deals primarily with car assembly, leather goods and textiles. 3.2.5 The industrial region which obtains additional water from the Tugela and Lesotho water schemes. 3.2.6 The Coega IDZ is located in this industrial region. 3.2.7 The smallest industrial region in South Africa. 3.3. Refer to FIGURE 3.3 showing a number of rural settlements. 3.3.1 State the difference between the terms site and situation. 3.3.2 The type of rural settlement evident in FIGURE 3.3 is/are ... A. hamlets. B. farmsteads. Cc. villages. 3.3.3 Discuss TWO advantages for the people living in the type of rural settlement mentioned in QUESTION 3.3.2. 3.3.4 Explain why the settlements in FIGURE 3.3 are known as dry point settlements. 3.3.5 The people in the settlement are practicing large-scale farming. Provide evidence from the FIGURE 3.3 to support this statement. 3.3.6 Discuss the impact rural-urban migration may have on these rural settlements in the future. Copyright Reserved (7x 1) (7) (2 x 1) (2) (1x 1) (1) (2 x 2) (4) (1 x 2) (2) (1 x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 3.8 12 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC Refer to FIGURE 3.4 based on urban sprawl. 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 Define the term urban sprawl. Provide ONE piece of evidence from the cartoon that urban sprawl has occurred in this city With reference to FIGURE 3.4 explain why leisure and shopping establishments are attracted to the outskirts of the city. Discuss why city authorities are concerned about the negative impact of urban sprawl on: (a) the inner city labelled A. (b) the farming area labelled B. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest strategies the city council can put in place to control urban sprawl in South African cities. Refer to FIGURE 3.5, an article on trends in the South African mining sector. 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 Sal a an 3.5.6 3.5.7 Define the term Primary activity. Name ONE precious metal mined in South Africa that is mentioned in the article. By how much did the mining entities contribution to the GDP increase from 2016 to 2017. How has the fluctuating prices of precious metals affected workers in the mining industry. Explain how the market performance of non- precious metals assisted the overall contribution made by the mining industry to the GDP of South Africa. With reference to labour issues discuss TWO reasons for the decrease in profits of precious metals. “Despite the challenges experienced by the mining sector it still makes a significant contribution to the South African economy’. Discuss this statement. Copyright Reserved (1x 1)(1) (1x 1) (1) (1 x 2) (2) (2 x 2)(4) (4 x 2)(8) (1x 1)(1) (1x 1) (1) (1x 1)(1) (1 x 2) (2) (1x 2) (2) (2x2) (4) (2 x 2)(4) Please Turn Over

Geograpny/P 1 12 September 2018 Preparatory Examination 3.6 Refer to FIGURE 3.6 an extract on the East London Industrial Development Zone. 3.6.1 Define the term industrial development zone. (1x 1)(1) 3.6.2. The East London IDZ is situated far from the major power stations and this has increased the cost of electricity What plans are being put in place to overcome this situation? (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 Discuss the suitability of the location of the East London IDZ with respect to infrastructure required for international trade. (2x 2) (4) 3.6.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines discuss the importance of the East London IDZ to the economic development of the region (4 x 2) (8) [75] Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P 1 14 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC QUESTION 4 4.1. Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK, fore.g. 4.1.9 J COLUMN A COLUMN B 4.1.1 Settlement that provides goods and A Urban morphology services to the surrounding rural areas B Range 4.1.2 Settlement centres with one dominant | function C Wet point settlement 4.1.3 The study of the form, shape and plan of D Threshold population urban settlements E Urbanisation 4.1.4. Area found on the outskirts of a town or city F Specialised city 4.1.5 The minimum number of people G Rural-urban fringe required to support a service in the city so that it remains profitable H Central place 4.1.6 The percentage increase in urban population 4.1.7 Maximum distance a person is prepared to travel in order to buy a product or service (7 x 1) (7) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geography/P 1 4.2 4.3 16 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC Choose the most correct answer from the alternatives provided in the block below. Write down only the question number (4.2.1 — 4.2.8) and the selected answer. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Tertiary sector, __ Trade, Break of bulk, Gross National Product (GNP), centralisation, Secondary sector, Quaternary sector, Footloose Industries 4.2.1. Provision of services. 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 Value of all goods and services produced by a country in one year. The processing of raw materials into more useful products. Industry with a free choice of location. Concentration of industries in one area. Transfer of cargo from one mode of transport to another. The exchange of goods and services between countries for monetary gain. Activities associated with research. Refer to FIGURE 4.3 based on land reform in South Africa. 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 43.6 Define the term social injustice. Name the act that forced the Bakwena people to leave their land. Identify ONE social injustice issue experienced by the Bakwena people when they were forced to leave their land at Mogopa. Explain TWO issues facing the Bakwena people in their new place of residence at Pachsdraai. How should the Land Reform Programme introduced in the post-apartheid South Africa benefit the Bakwena people. Discuss TWO challenges/obstacles that are associated with implementing the Land Reform Programme successfully. Copyright Reserved (8 x 1) (8) (1x 1) (1) (1x 1) (1) (1x 1) (1) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) Please Turn Over

Geography/P1 4.4 4.5 16 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC Refer to FIGURE 4.4 showing the general layout of a modern western city. 4.441 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 With reference to the general shape of this city: (a) State the shape of the city. (b) Give the physical factor that was responsible for its shape. The CBD is supposed to be the place of greatest accessibility in a city. Provide ONE reason from the map to support this statement. Discuss how the high degree of accessibility will impact on the land values and building density in the CBD in FIGURE 4.4. As a result of rapid urbanisation urban blight has become a problem in the CBD and surrounds. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest possible solutions that can be recommended to the city council to revitalise (renew) the CBD and get rid of ‘urban blight’. Study FIGURE 4.5 showing the informal sector. 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 Define the term informal sector. Identify the type of informal sector activity shown in FIGURE 4.5. Explain TWO challenges faced by such informal traders. Explain why a large number of people are forced to become informal traders. Suggest TWO ways in which the South African government can assist to strengthen and support informal sector activities such as the one illustrated in FIGURE 4.5. Copyright Reserved (1x 1) (1) (1x 1) (1) (1x 1) (1) (2 x 2) (4) (4 x 2) (8) (1x 1) (1) (1 x 2) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) (2 x 2) (4) Please Turn Over

Geography/P 1 17 September 2018 Preparatory Examination NSC 4.6 Study FIGURE 4.6 based on West Coast Spatial Development Initiative 4.6.1 Define the term Spatial Development Initiative. 4.6.2 What makes the West Coast region strategically placed as a SDI? 4.6.3 In order to attract investors various non-monetary incentives and support have been offered by the local government. Discuss TWO such incentives that a would be investor would find attractive 4.6.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the socio-economic benefits for developing this region as an SDI for the local people. (1x 1) (1) (2x 1) (2) (2 x 2) (4) (4 x 2) (8) [75] TOTAL MARKS: [225] Copyright Reserved