Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN June 2021 Memo

WAY KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE EDUCATION REPUBLIC. OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE MARKS: 60 | N.B. This marking guideline consists of 5 pages. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over = oe

- Common Test June 2021 NSC — Marking Guideline Nucleated/clusteredY (1 x 1) (1) Low population/population is 1100 vv Larger than hamletv v Surrounded by farmlands/predominantly farming vv Dwellings are close together vv The availability of services such as schools, shops, church, etc. VY Mud road vv One road VY (1 x 2) (2) (Any ONE) Flat land suitable for construction of housingyY Vv Fairly flat land for farming Vv” Availability of source of water/river for irrigationy Vv Suitable climate of the area /temperature/rainfallv v Nature of the soil/fertile soil for farming VW Forests for timber/fire wood/housing VV (2 x 2) (4) (Any TWO) Close to neighbours/family/friends VY Close proximity makes communication quicker and easier VV Easier to provide services (learners can mention services) Vv” Sharing of ideas/resources VV Availability of social amenities vv Better for safety and security VW (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) The upgrade can change the village to a town VY” The village will move up the urban hierarchy vv It will make the village more accessible VV The village will be more accessible to larger towns VV Accessibility to larger towns could result in counter urbanization vv The population will increase Vv The sphere of influence will increase VV Provision of high order services and functions Vv There will be an increase in services V V(can mention the services) The village will move from unifunctional to multifunctional VV Availability of a variety of job opportunities vv (2 x 2) (4) (Any TWO) Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geogr Copyright Reserved 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.24 1.25 Common Test June 2021 Rural depopulation . (1.x 1) (1) third world countries ¥ 5 (1 x 1) (1) bad weather conditions V (1x 1) (1) PUSH FACTORS Jobs in these areas are agricultural based and may not be in their field of studyY Y Very little chance of gaining a variety of skills vv’ Introduction of labour saving devices/mechanization has decreased There is less demand for labour vv Low salaries and wages in the rural areas VV Standard of living is low VV Poverty vv Small chance of improving the socio- economic status VY Poor service delivery/not much variety in goods and services VV Lack of services such as housing/transport and communication/education/ medical/tapped water/sanitation/power supply (Learners can mention services) VV Lack of entertainment vv Not technologically advanced vv Lack of safety and security vv PULL FACTORS Greater chance of finding a job Vv Greater chance of gaining a variety of skills Vv Variety of jobs available vv Better salaries and wages VV Standard of living is higher Vv ¥ Greater change of improving the socio-economic status VV Better service delivery/variety of goods and services VV Better services such as housing/transport and communication/education/ medical/ tapped water/sanitation/power supply (Learners can mention services) VV Variety of entertainment vv Technologically advanced Vv (2 x 2) (4) (Any TWO) Available services will deteriorate vv Buildings deteriorate/decay v ¥ Fewer services will be available VV Some services will be forced to shut down vv Unemployment sets in vv Decline in the young economically active population vv Economic stagnation v ” Standard of living will drop vv Poverty sets in VW Please Turn Over

Common Test June 2021 NSC — Marking Guideline Municipal services will drop VV Farming activities will decrease VY Productivity will drop vv Contribute to food insecurity vv Result in ageing population/there will be population imbalance vv Settlement will become a ghost town VY Decrease in safety and security VV Brain drain will take place in rural VW Reduced investor confidence vv (4 x 2) (8) (Any FOUR) - . QUESTION 2 el 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.4 The increase in the percentage/proportion of people living in urban areasvv (1 x 2) (2) [Concept] Kinshasav (1x 1) (1) Urban centres play a critical role in fighting povertyY Vv Sustain economic growth, and are often considered the future of prosperity in the developing worldv Vv (2 x 2) (4) Increase in levels of crimevv Insufficient servicesvv Increase in air pollutionvy Increase in noise pollutionvy Waste management becomes uncontrollablevv More homeless peoplevv Lack of purified water and sewage facilities lead to hygienic problemsvv Rapid spread of diseasesvv Traffic congestionvv Deterioration of infrastructurevv Uncontrolled growth of city/urban sprawlvv Overcrowding vv Social challenges vv (2 x 2) (4) (Any TWO) STRATEGIES TO MAINTAIN THE INNER CITY Inner city renewal: Urban renewal projectsv Vv Improve the appearance of the city e.g. tree planting/greenbeltv Vv Transport system upgradev Y Upgrade reticulation systemv Vv Access to water and sanitation services Old infrastructure must be replaced or renewedv Vv New towns/Self-help cities/relocation/redevelopment vv Facadism in the inner city must be donev ¥ Gentrification/Chelseafication Vv Invasion and succession must be introducedv Vv Regeneration of the inner city must be donevv Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Geog! Common Test June 2021 NOU — MaIKiIng QUIUcHIG STRATEGIES TO CONTROL THE EXPANSION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS Introducing bylaws to control: illegal waste dumping, illegal street vendors, air pollution, and noise pollution’ “ Urban Planning: Plans for the placing of greenbelts/green spaces” V Control and reduce infectious diseasesv V Proper placement of sewers and drainage systems Reduce chemical and physical hazardsv V Work towards developing a high-quality living environmentY Y Progress towards a more sustainable consumption of resourcesv Partnerships between local government and private businessesv V Improved policing’ Vv Decentralization policyy ¥ National Physical Development Planv Tax Concessions and Regional Industrial Development PlanvY Using CCTV camerasv ¥ (2 x 2) (4) (Any TWO) [15] NB. Learners mist mention:strategies to maintain the inner city and strategies to control the urban settlements. 2.2 2.2.1 Itis centrally locatedY (1.x 1) (4) 2.2.2 (a) Light industries” (1x 1) (1) (b) Land values are high in the transition zone and that will not be suitable for heavy industries¥V - - 2 = Light industries require small plots of land therefore the transition zone is affordableY” Light industries can locate in high rise buildings found in the transition zonevv Light industries locate close to the market placevY Light industries are not associated with pollution’Y (Any ONE) (4 x 2) (2) NB. (Learners can mention the factors that prohibit heavy industries to locate in the transition zone) 2.2.3 Sector modelv Various land-use zones occupy sectorsY v (1 + 2)(3) (Question 2.2.3 has been cancelled as Sector model is not for examination purpose). 2.2.4 PROBLEMS SHANTY TOWNS POSE TO CITY AUTHORITIES: Lack of facilities and servicesvy Houses constructed from plastic, tiny” illegally occupiedvv Crimevy Unemploymentvy Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Gergieriy s+ - Common Test June 2021 NSC — Marking Guideline Overcrowdingvy Unhygienic conditionsvv They are vulnerable in times of floods and heavy rains which puts added pressure on authoritiesvv It is not easily accessiblevY Fire hazards vv SOLUTIONS: Formalising the settlementsvv Improve the infrastructure (roads, buildings, facilities)vv Provide jobsvv Build away from the flood linevv Provide services such as water, sewerage and electricity~v Accelerate land reform vv (4 x 2) (8) (Must state both problems and solutions) [15] TOTAL MARKS: 60 NB. Technical error: Question 2.2.3 was canceled as Sector model is not for examination purpose according to the new examination guideline. Teachers must mark this paper out of fifty seven marks and then convert it to sixty marks. Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over