Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Eastern Cape June 2023 QP (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2023 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 17 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 2. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 3. Read ALL the questions correctly and answer only what is asked. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 6. Show ALL calculations, including units and formulae, where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example, 1.1.11 A. 1.1.1 … is a measure of the quality of protein in a feed. A Fodder flow B Biological value C Digestibility D Nutritive ratio 1.1.2 The secretions in the duodenum responsible for digestion are … A succus entericus, bile and gastric juice. B bile, intestinal juice and saliva. C pancreatic juice, bile and succus entericus. D stomach juice, saliva and bile. 1.1.3 Rumination consists of four different processes: A Rechewing, eructation, assimilation and regurgitation B Regurgitation, belching, absorption and assimilation C Regurgitation, rechewing, re-swallowing and eructation D Rechewing, eructation, re-swallowing and assimilation 1.1.4 The micro-organisms in the rumen digest cellulose to produce the following: (i) Pepsin (ii) Methane (iii) Carbon dioxide (iv) Fatty acids Choose the correct combination below: A (i), (ii) and (iv) B (ii), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iii) D (i), (iii) and (iv) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) 1.1.5 The flight zone of a bull refers to the space … A closer to the crush. B between two gates. C around the side of the bull. D in front of the bull’s head. 1.1.6 A tool used to castrate young animals: A Tool A B Tool B C Tool C D Tool D 1.1.7 The following are examples of protozoan diseases, except … A anthrax. B anaplasmosis. C redwater. D coccidiosis. 1.1.8 The following is NOT an external parasite. A Ticks B Flukes C Nasal worm D Mites Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 5 1.1.9 The equipment shown in the picture below is used for … A making the cow to be on oestrus quickly. B storage of semen. C collection of semen from the bull. D detecting a cow on heat. 1.1.10 The advantages listed below are correct with regard to the synchronisation of oestrus. (i) Shortening and concentrating calving and breeding seasons. (ii) Labour intensive when administering drugs and hormones. (iii) Introducing new genetics to the herd. (iv) Increasing time needed by cows to recover from birthing. Choose the correct combination below: A (i), (ii) and (iv) B (ii), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iii) D (i), (iii) and (iv) (10 x 2) (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) 1.2 Indicate whether each of the following statements in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only, both A and B or None next to the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 B only. Example: COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.6 A: Fungal disease B: Bacterial disease An example is ringworm Answer: 1.2.6 None COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A: Diffusion Movement of molecules against B: Osmosis concentration gradient with the help of energy 1.2.2 A: Islets of Langerhans Situated in the small intestines B: Glands of Lieberkühn between villi for production of succus entericus 1.2.3 A: Avian flu Example(s) of viral diseases of B: New castle disease farm animals 1.2.4 A: Lighting Equipment in an intensive B: Sunlight housing system 1.2.5 A: Ejaculation Male animal releases semen into B: Copulation the front part of the vagina (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 7 1.3 Give ONE term/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term/phrase next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.3.1 Movement of soluble end products of digestion through the bloodstream to all parts of the animals’ body 1.3.2 An approach that combines advantages of modern, traditional and complementary medication treatment systems for better heath care of farm animals 1.3.3 The process that is taking place in ovaries to produce female gametes 1.3.4 The phenomena whereby a donor cow is treated with hormones to produce many ova during the same oestrus cycle 1.3.5 A condition in males where testes remain in the abdominal cavity and do not descend to the scrotum (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write the appropriate word next to the question numbers (1.4.1 to 1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.4.1 Production ration is the amount of feed that an animal needs to stay in a good condition and to support life. 1.4.2 Diagnosis helps to prevent farm animals from getting different diseases. 1.4.3 The smell of hormones found in the urine of cows on oestrus arouse bulls. 1.4.4 Sertoli cells are responsible for the production of testosterone in the male reproductive system. 1.4.5 Artificial insemination is the process that produces an identical copy of biological material from parents. (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The diagram below represents the alimentary canal of farm animals. 2.1.1 Identify parts D and F from the diagram above. (2) 2.1.2 Classify the animal with the alimentary canal in the diagram above. (1) 2.1.3 Justify the answer to QUESTION 2.1.2 based on what is visible from the diagram. (1) 2.1.4 Identify the LETTERS (A–G) where each of the following function occurs: (a) Waste material is stored temporarily before excretion (1) (b) Microbial fermentation of ingested feed (1) (c) Absorption of soluble end products of digestion into the bloodstream (1) 2.1.5 Name the part of the fowl that performs the same function as E. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 2.2 Name a vitamin or mineral deficiency that may lead to each of the following: 2.2.1 Osteomalacia (1) 2.2.2 Night blindness (1) 2.2.3 Goitre (1) 2.2.4 Anaemia (1) 2.3 A cow ingested 19 kg of hay with a dry matter content of 85%, and excreted 2,5 kg of dry manure. 2.3.1 Calculate the digestibility coefficient of hay. Show ALL the calculations. (5) 2.3.2 Suggest any TWO methods the farmer can use to improve the digestibility of hay. (2) 2.4 The table below shows TWO feeds with different composition. FEEDS COMPOSITION INDICATORS (%) NUTRITIVE RATIO DM DP TDN Ca P (NR) FEED A 85 10 90 0,5 0,3 FEED B 86 20 65 0 0,3 1:2 2.4.1 Calculate the nutritive ration of FEED A. (3) 2.4.2 From the table in QUESTION 2.4, deduce the feed that is most suitable for growing lambs. (1) 2.4.3 Justify the answer to QUESTION 2.4.2. (1) 2.5 The value of a feed depends on its energy content. 2.5.1 Give TWO importance of Net Energy. (2) 2.5.2 Name TWO purposes for calculating the energy value of feed. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) 2.6 The feeds below are available to the farmer to formulate a ration for dairy cows in early lactation: DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN REQUIRED DIGESTIBLE FEED VALUE (%) PROTEIN VALUE (%) Sorghum meal 12 15 Sunflower oilcake meal 45 2.6.1 Use a Pearson square to calculate the ratio into which the two feeds above should be mixed for the dairy cows to get the required digestible protein. (4) 2.6.2 Calculate the percentage of sunflower oilcake meal in the mixture. Show ALL calculations. (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 11 QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 The pictures below represent two different production systems. PICTURE A PICTURE B 3.1.1 Identify the animal production systems represented by PICTURE A and PICTURE B above. (2) 3.1.2 Justify the answer to QUESTION 3.1.1 based on the above pictures. (2) 3.1.3 Differentiate between subsistence and commercial farming systems. (2) 3.2 The table below shows the average growth rate of beef and poultry at different temperatures. AVERAGE GROWTH RATE (%) TEMPERATURE BEEF POULTRY (°C) 65 45 50 80 70 40 95 90 30 25 10 20 15 5 10 3.2.1 Use the information provided in the table above and draw a line graph representing average growth rate of beef and poultry at different temperatures. (6) 3.2.2 Explain the trend between beef and poultry at different temperatures shown in the table above. (2) 3.2.3 Indicate ONE method to protect poultry against extreme cold weather conditions in order to maintain optimal production levels. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) 3.3 The picture below shows a pig moved with the aid of the boards. 3.3.1 Identify the equipment labelled A in the picture above. (1) 3.3.2 Name TWO reasons for handling pigs by farmers. (2) 3.4 The table below shows diseases, pathogen, symptoms and type of animal: DISEASE PATHOGEN SYMPTOMS TYPE OF ANIMAL The round wounds with All farm animals a scabby surface form A Fungi on the skin of farm animals Neurological signs Ruminant farm including chewing animals Heartwater B movements, tongue protrusion, eyelids twitching and circling Inflammation of the Mostly dairy breeds C D udder leading to drop in milk production Cattle, sheep and Rabies E F dogs Complete the table above by writing down ONLY the missing information for A, B, C, D, E and F. (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 13 3.5 Mites are closely related to ticks, but are much smaller and cannot be seen with a naked eye. Mites are found on less hairy parts of the skin on the bodies of farm animals. 3.5.1 Classify the parasite indicated in the statement above. (1) 3.5.2 Give a reason from the scenario for the answer to QUESTION 3.5.1. (1) 3.5.3 Indicate THREE examples of parasites belonging to the same class as mites other than ticks. (3) 3.6 The schematic representation below shows the life cycle of a parasite. 3.6.1 Name the parasite shown in the schematic representation above. (1) 3.6.2 Identify the intermediate host in the schematic representation above. (1) 3.6.3 Suggest TWO pasture management measures to control the parasite mentioned in QUESTION 3.6.1 above. (2) 3.7 Give TWO examples of metallic salt poisoning. (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 The diagrams below illustrate the reproductive system of a bull and the reproductive process for gametes formation. 4.1.1 Identify the parts labelled A, C and F in DIAGRAM 1. (3) 4.1.2 Name the process represented by I in DIAGRAM 2. (1) 4.1.3 Match the functions listed below with a LETTER (A–L) from the DIAGRAMS 1, 2 or 3 above. (a) Produce male gametes and hormones (b) Generates energy for male gametes (c) Assists the male gamete to penetrate the ovum by releasing enzymes (3) 4.1.4 Indicate TWO congenital defects that can influence the process in DIAGRAM 2. (2) 4.1.5 Give a reason why part D in DIAGRAM 1 is situated outside the abdominal cavity of the male animal. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 15 4.2 Identify the electronic or mechanical devices used to detect heat in farm animals described below: (a) Placed on cows as a marker and stretches from the hip bone to where the tail begins (b) Laced around a cow’s lower leg to record movement (c) Glued to the rump of cows suspected to be on heat, and prolonged pressure from mounting animals will turn white detector to red colour (3) 4.3 The illustration below shows phases in the reproductive process of female animals. PHASE A PHASE B It lasts for 12 to 16 days on average. The phase lasts about 2 to 3 days on It is the longest phase of the cycle. average. It is characterised by rapid The corpus luteum is fully functional. follicle growth and the animal becomes excited. PHASE C PHASE D The phase lasts to about 3 to 5 days, The average length of the phase is and is the time during which 12 to 18 hours. Female farm animal ovulation occurs. Corpus luteum is receptive to males and will stand undergoes early development. for mating to take place. 4.3.1 Name the reproductive process indicated in the illustration above. (1) 4.3.2 Identify PHASE B and PHASE C above. (2) 4.3.3 Name TWO hormones that control PHASE D. (2) 4.3.4 Give TWO visible sexual behaviours displayed by bulls. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2023) 4.4 The list below represents stages of a reproductive technique: A The donor cow is treated with multiple hormone injections B Evaluation of embryos for successful implantation to the recipient cow C Selection of a superior donor cow D During ovulation the donor cow is inseminated with good quality semen E The uterus is flushed after seven days to extract embryos 4.4.1 Identify the reproductive technique represented above. (1) 4.4.2 Re-arrange the stages of the reproductive technique in QUESTION 4.4 in their chronological order. Use LETTERS (A–E) only. (5) 4.4.3 Name TWO methods of collecting semen to be used during the reproductive technique above. (2) 4.5 The diagrams below represent a cow at different stages of parturition. 4.5.1 Name the stage of parturition represented by DIAGRAM 1 above. (1) 4.5.2 Identify the birth position shown in DIAGRAM 2 above. (1) 4.5.3 Indicate TWO signs of parturition shown by a cow before giving birth. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17 4.6 The graph below shows the milk production cycle of a dairy cow. 4.6.1 Give the name of the curve represented above. (1) 4.6.2 Identify the range of weeks during which milk production is at its peak. (1) 4.6.3 Name the hormone responsible for development of mammary glands and milk production. (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over