Agric Sciences Memo June 2018 English hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 12 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 D  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 A  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 B  1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Both A and B  1.2.2 B only  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 A only  1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Coefficient of digestibility/Digestibility coefficient  1.3.2 Bont tick  1.3.3 Ejaculation  1.3.4 Hydrocephalus  1.3.5 Lactation/Milk Production  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Amylolytic  1.4.2 Balancing point  1.4.3 Hyaluronidase  1.4.4 Weaning  1.4.5 Colostrum/Beestings  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 2.1.1 D: Cloaca  J: Omasum  (2 x 1) (2 2.1.2 Indication of letters (a) H (1) (b) A (1) (c) E (1) 2.1.3 How part L is protected against stomach acids  Pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate,  which neutralises the stomach acid   Gall bladder secretes bile  which neutralises the pH of the gastric juices   Bruner’s glands produce alkaline secretion,  rich in mucus which protects the duodenum from acidic chime.   The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach  via hormonal pathways.  (Any 1 x 2) (2) 2.1.4 Adaptability of small intestines for absorption  It is very long so it makes the surface area for absorption bigger   The inside has many folds that increase surface area for absorption   The folds are covered with thousands of villi which increase surface area for absorption   Each villus is covered with micro-villi which further increase surface area   Each villus has blood and lymph capillaries for transport and the absorption of nutrients   Thin layer of epithelial cells lining the villi is adapted for absorption   Epithelial cells contain various carrier molecules to absorb specific chemicals and nutrients  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.5 Salivary glands found below or behind the ear Parotid salivary gland  (1) 2.2 Deficiency diseases 2.2.1 Anaemia/Heart disease/Epileptic seizures/Dermatitis  (1) 2.2.2 Parakeratosis/Keratinisation  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) 2.3 Digestibility Co-efficient of feeds 2.3.1 Calculations of digestibility coefficient 40 DM manure = 4 kg x = 1,6 kg therefore, 4 kg – 1,6 kg = 2,4 kg  100 DM intake (kg) – DM manure (kg) DC = x 100  DM intake (kg) 15 kg – 2,4 kg = x 100  15 kg = 84%  (4) 2.3.2 ONE factor influencing digestibility of hay  Crop from which hay was produced   Age of the plant/Growth stage   Method used to make hay   Preparation of feed   Supplementation/Feed additive   Composition of feeds/Composition of ration   Quantity of feed taken in   Palatability of the ration   Water quantity in the feed   Nutritive ratio  (1) 2.3.3 Improving digestibility of grain feeds  Grinding/Crushing/Milling   Pelleting   Boiling/Cooking   Roasting /Crushing   Soaking   Dry rolling/Cracking   Popping/Micronising   Supplementation  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.4 Energy flow diagram A – Energy loss through manure/faeces  B – Metabolic Energy/ME  C – Maintenance  (3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 5 2.5 Feed components required by animals 2.5.1 Age of animal mostly fed maintenance ration 5 years / 4 years  (1) 2.5.2 Reason The graph shows that older non-producing animals are fed more carbohydrates for maintenance  / Fed less protein.  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Reason for a high protein requirement in young animals  Growth and production   Repairing of body tissues   Provision of antibodies for immunity against diseases   Functioning of rumen microbes  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.6 The Pearson square or box method of balancing rations 2.6.1 Indication of part representing protein-rich concentrate  7 parts  (1) 2.6.2  Has smaller portion in the ratio/7 parts of feed B to get the required 16% DP  (1) 2.6.3 Percentage of Feed A 22 = x 100  29 = 75,9% OR 76%  (2) 2.6.4 Feed B amount in the mixture 7 = x 850 kg  29 205,2 =  1 000 = 0,21 tons  OR 24,1 = 24,1% of 850 kg = 850 kg x  100 204,9 kg =  1 000 = 0,21 tons  (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) 2.7 Fodder-flow planning 2.7.1 The month during which the available feed will be most insufficient for the animals  September  (1) 2.7.2 Calculation for surplus feed for February Surplus feed = Feed available – Feed required = 160 tons – 140 tons  = 20 tons x 1 000  = 20 000 kg  (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 7 QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal body temperature 3.1.1 Deduction of environmental condition  Higher temperatures/Very hot/Hot/Warm/Heat stress  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 TWO reasons for the deduction  Less feed intake than normal.  More than twice the normal water intake / increased water intake  (2) 3.1.3 TWO measures to reduce heat stress of dairy cows under intensive conditions  Sprayers/Fogger with water/Soakers/Misters   Insulation   Cooling the bedding   Fans/conditioners/ventilators   Shelter/housing/Shade/Housing orientation   Cooling pond  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Definition of homoeothermic  Animals with a constant body temperature that is slightly higher than their environment   Animals that are able to keep their body temperature at the same level despite any changes in the temperature around it   Thermoregulation in animals that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence.  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.2 Calculation of FCR 3.2.1 4,6 kg FCR =  1,3 kg = 3,54  (2) 3.3 Animal production systems (2) 3.3.1 PICTURE A: Intensive production system  PICTURE B: Extensive production system  (2) 3.3.2 Justification of PICTURE A  Many animals kept in a small area/small enclosure/Total confinement   Zero grazing/Animals are fed with forage cut from pastures   Expensive/Iron enclosures around the animals   Large investment on the farm  Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) Justification of PICTURE B  Few animals in a large grazing area   Animals depend on natural grazing   Less investment compared to picture A  (Any 1 x 1) (2) 3.3.3 Relate subsistence and commercial farming systems  Subsistence farming: Extensive production system  (2)  Commercial farming: Intensive production system  3.4 Identification of farming operations devices: 3.4.1 Identification of devices 1 – Balling gun  2 – Ear tag pliers/Ear tag applicator  (1) 3.4.2 Uses of the devices Device 1  Used for the oral administration of capsules and boluses to animals/Used for administering a bolus to an animal  (1) Device 2 To apply ear tags/For identification using ear tags  (2) 3.5 Foot and Mouth disease in South Africa 3.5.1 Pathogen causing FMD  Virus  (1) 3.5.2 Impact of FMD outbreak on the South African economy  Banning of exports   International trade decreases   Impact on food security   Decreased production/Loss of income/Less demand/Value of meat decreases/Loss of animals through death   Loss of jobs   More expenses for prevention and treatment  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5.3 Explanation of a notifiable disease  A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported  to government authorities.  OR  A disease that must be reported  to public health authorities,  at the time it is diagnosed because it is potentially dangerous to human or animal health. (2) 3.5.4 Identification of the diseases (a) A: New Castle  (1) (b) B: Coccidiosis  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 3.5.5 Prevention of the disease in A  Vaccination / Inoculation  (1) 3.6 3.6.1 A – Chronic  B – Acute / Per Acute  C – Per Acute / Acute  (3 x 1) (3) 3.7 The life cycle of an internal parasite 3.7.1 Classification of the parasite  Internal parasite / Endoparasites  (1) 3.7.2 Main groups of internal parasites  Tapeworm / Cestodes  Liver flukes / Trematodes  (2) 3.7.3 Name of the disease  Anaemia  (1) 3.8 Plant poisoning 3.8.1 Identification of poisonous plant  Thorn apple/Datura stramonium  (1) 3.8.2 TWO measures to prevent plant poisoning  Remove animals from the infested camp   Remove poisonous plants from the pasture   Avoid overstocking/overgrazing the camps   Practice rotational grazing   Provide feed to animals being transported   Prevent veldt fires   Provide enough water for livestock  (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The reproductive system of a bull 4.1.1 Identification of parts  2: Urethra   4: Vas deferens / Ductus deferens  (2) 4.1.2 THREE functions of the epididymis  Stores the spermatozoa   Allows the spermatozoa to mature   Concentrates the spermatozoa in the fluid   Transports the spermatozoa from the testis to vas deferens   Secretes the buffer that protects sperm from female sex organs’ acidic secretions  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.3 The name of the hormone secreted in part 1  Testosterone  (1) 4.1.4 The name of the biological process that takes place in part labelled 1  Gametogenesis  (1) 4.1.5 Identification of A and C  A: Mitochondria   C: Tail  (2) 4.1.6 Functions of A and C Functions of A  Provide energy for movement of the cell  Functions of C  Motility/Movement of the sperm cell/Swimming in the semen  (2) 4.2 Reproductive process of farm animals 4.2.1 Name of process  Oogenesis/Ovigenesis  (1) 4.2.2 Types of cell division  A: Mitosis   B: Meiosis/First meiotic  (2) 4.2.3 Site of the process  Ovaries  Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 11 4.3 The reproductive process in male and female animals 4.3.1 Name of the process  Mating  (1) 4.3.2 Labelling of A, B and C  A – Courtship   B – Copulation   C – Ejaculation  (3) 4.4 Graph 4.4.1 A bar graph A bar graph representing the percentage of cows Percentage of cows showing signs showing signs of oestrus at various times of the day 50 40 30 of oestrus (%) 20 10 0 06h00-12h0012h00-18h0018h00-00h0000h00-06h00 Times of the day (hours) Criteria for marking  Correct heading/title   Correct type of graph (Bar graph)   Correct labelling of x-axis and y-axis   Correct units on y-axis (%) and x-axis (hours)   Correct plotting of bars on the graph  4.4.2 Identification of the time of the day  12h00–18h00  4.5 Pictures of equipment used in the animal reproduction industry: 4.5.1 Identification of the equipment  C  B  A 4.5.2 TWO basic requirements for semen collection  All equipment must be sterilised before use   The semen should not be exposed to sunlight   The floor area must not be slippery  Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2018) 4.6 Multiple births 4.6.1 Naming of multiple births  A – Non-identical/Dizygous   B – Identical/Monozygous   C – Freemartin  (3) 4.6.2 Identification of the part labelled 1  Ovum/Egg cell/Female reproductive organ/Female gamete  (1) 4.6.3 Naming of the process indicated by 2  Fertilisation  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over