AGRIC SCIENCES GR12 MEMO JUNE2022 English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2022 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 12 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 A only  1.2.5 Both A and B  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Concentrates  1.3.2 Zoonotic  1.3.3 Meiosis  1.3.4 Hermaphroditism  1.3.5 Cryptorchidism  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Fodder flow / Feed flow  1.4.2 Endemic  1.4.3 Acrosome  1.4.4 Dystocia  1.4.5 Infertility  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 A representation of the alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Classification of the alimentary canal of farm animals • DIAGRAM A: Ruminants  • DIAGRAM B: Non-ruminants  (1) 2.1.2 Identification of letters • E: Crop  (1) • J: Oesophagus  (1) 2.1.3 Identification of the alimentary canal of a young ruminant DIAGRAM C  (1) 2.1.4 Justification • Very large abomasum compared to rumen  • Presence of oesophageal groove  • Under-development of fore stomach  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.1.5 Identification of the letters: (a) H  (1) (b) F  (1) (c) A  (1) 2.2 Schematic representation of types of feeds 2.2.1 Roughages  (1) 2.2.2 Concentrates  (1) 2.2.3 Silage/soilage/green lucerne/green forage  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.2.4 Maize meal/oatmeal/barley meal/rye meal/sorghum meal  (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) 2.3 Deficiency diseases: 2.3.1 Goitre  (1) 2.3.2 Excessive bleeding/Poor blood clotting  (1) 2.3.3 Parakeratosis  (1) 2.4 Energy production in farm animals 2.4.1 Units to express energy. Joules (j)/Kilojoules (Kj)  (1) 2.4.2 TWO important uses of Net Energy • Maintenance  • Production  (2) 2.4.3 TWO purposes of calculating energy value of feed • To determine animal’s diet  • To determine feeding standards  • To formulate rations  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5 Compounding rations 2.5.1 The Pearson square calculation (Barley meal): 9% 23  (parts) (39 – 16 = 23) 16%  (Soya oilcake meal):39% 7  (parts) (16 – 9 = 7) The ratio of barley meal to soya oilcake meal is 23 : 6  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 5 2.5.2 Percentage of soya oilcake meal 23 + 7 = 30  7 x 100  30 23,3%  (3) 2.6 Calculating coefficient of digestibility of the hay Dry feed intake: 10 x 15 kg = 1,5 kg therefore, 15 kg – 1,5 kg = 13,5 kg  100 Dry material intake (kg) – Dry mass of manure 100 x  Dry material intake (kg) 1 13,5 kg – 3 kg x 100  13,5 kg 77,8%  (5) 2.7 TWO importance fodder flow • Safe use of resources  • Meeting the animal’s requirements  • For positive margin over feed costs  • Allowing livestock enterprise to run smoothly / Manageability / Flexible management  (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal production systems 3.1.1 Identification production systems • FARMER A: Extensive production system  • FARMER B: Intensive production system  (2) 3.1.2 Justification for QUESTION 3.1.1 FARMER A: Extensive production system • Few animals occupied a large area/low density/low stocking rate  • Low capital investment  • Low output per unit area  (Any 1 x 1) (1) FARMER B: Intensive production system • Many animals in small area/high population density  • High capital investment/high inputs  • High output per unit area  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Differentiation between subsistence and commercial farming systems Subsistence farming Farming in small quantities to meet the needs of the family and sell the (1) surplus  Commercial farming Farming in large quantities in order to make profit  (1) 3.2 THREE measures to reduce heat stress in cattle under intensive production conditions • Provision of shelter  • Use of air conditioners/Misting/Fans  • Provision of enough water  (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 7 3.3 Identification of parts of the animal’s space 3.3.1 Flight zone: PART C  (1) 3.3.2 Blind spot: PART A  (1) 3.3.3 Point of balance: PART B  (1) 3.4 Animal handling 3.4.1 Identification of the equipment labelled A Plywood board  (1) 3.4.2 THREE reasons for handling pigs by farmers • Vaccination  • Marking  • Dosing  • Selection for breeding  • Marketing/Shows  • Reproductive processes/Mating/AI/ET/NT  • Giving birth  • Sanitation/cleaning  • Hoof trimming  • Health examination  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.5 Equipment used on the farm. 3.5.1 Name of the management practice Castration  (1) 3.5.2 Suitability of the tools (a) Adult farm animals: DIAGRAM B  (1) (b) Younger farm animals: DIAGRAM A  (1) 3.6 Scenario 3.6.1 Name of the disease Rift Valley Fever (RVF)  (1) 3.6.2 Identification (a) Vector: Mosquito  (1) (b) Pathogen: Virus  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) 3.6.3 Extract from the scenario If a farmer suspects that some animals are infected, authorities should be alerted immediately/Reporting to authorities when suspecting infection  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.6.4 Suggest TWO economic implications of animal diseases to the farmer • Banning of exports and imports/Decrease in international trade  • Decreased production/loss of income  • High treatment/vaccination costs to control/prevent diseases  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.7 Schematic representation for the life cycle of a parasite. 3.7.1 Identification of the parasite Blowfly  (1) 3.7.2 Indication of the most harmful stage in the life cycle Larval stage  (1) 3.7.3 Identification of the condition that cause wounds Blowfly strike/attack  (1) 3.7.4 Term used for the removal of wool around the tail Crutching  (1) 3.7.5 THREE non-chemical management practices • Tail docking  • Lipping and cleaning of wounds  • Correct timing of shearing and crutching  • Lambing time after shearing  • Breeding and selection of resistant breeds  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.8 Indication of roles (a) Import and export bans: State  (1) (b) Research: State  (1) (c) Sanitation: Farmer  (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The reproductive system of a cow and a bull 4.1.1 Identification of parts • F: Urethra  • G: Uterus/Uterine body  • K: Oviduct/Fallopian tubes  (3) 4.1.2 Matching the functions with a letter (a) H (1) (b) K (1) (c) J (1) (d) I (1) (e) C (1) (f) A (1) 4.2 Sperm cell Indication of the letters (a) D (1) (b) C (1) (c) B (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) 4.3 Graph 4.3.1 Bar graph Combined bar graph showing semen motility and normal percentages of different species 100 90 Semen motility and normal (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bull Ram Boar Stallion Different species % Motility % Normal Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines • Correct heading  • X-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Species)  • Y-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Motility and normal)  • Correct units (%)  • Combined bar graph • Accuracy (80 % and above correct plotting)  (6) 4.3.2 Identification of the species with the highest concentration Ram  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 11 4.4 Stages of mating 4.4.1 Arranging the stages of mating sequentially • C • A • D • B (4) 4.4.2 The stage of mating not listed Courtship  (1) 4.4.3 Indication of the stage Oestrus  (1) 4.4.4 ONE sign of a cow on heat • Vulva is swollen with reddish mucus membranes  • Mucus strings visible from the vulva  • Jumps on other cows / allows the cows to jump on her  • Scratch marks and dirt on the side and back  • Allows mating with a bull  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.5 Embryo transfer: 4.5.1 Identify of the reproduction procedure Embryo Transfer (ET)  (1) 4.5.2 Naming of the farm animal A and farm animal B • Farm animal A: Donor cow  • Farm animal B: Recipient cow  (2) 4.5.3 Naming of the processes C and D • C: Superovulation  • D: Embryo flushing  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2022) 4.6 Milk production curve 4.6.1 Name of the curve • Lactation curve / Milk production curve  (1) 4.6.2 Name of point A • Peak period/peak stage  (1) 4.6.3 Hormones (a) Prolactin  (1) (b) Oxytocin  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over