Agrs Sciences Memo Jun2017 English hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 11 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2017) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 D  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 A  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 Both A and B  1.2.5 A only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Pancreas  1.3.2 Peristalsis / Peristalsis movement  1.3.3 Gestation  1.3.4 Quarantine  1.3.5 Impotence/Lack of libido/lack of sex urge  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Ventriculus / Gizzard  1.4.2 Extensive  1.4.3 Scrotum  1.4.4 Corpus Luteum / Yellow body  1.4.5 Antibodies  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Digestive systems of ruminants and non-ruminants: 2.1.1 Identification of parts: E = Crop  G = Gizzard / Ventriculus  (2) 2.1.2 Glandular stomach secretes digestive juices for chemical digestion.  (1) 2.1.3 Structures of DIAGRAM A: (a) D (b) C (c) B (d) A (4) 2.2 The vitamin or mineral lacking: 2.2.1 Vitamin A / Retinol  (1) 2.2.2 Vitamin E  (1) 2.2.3 Iron/Fe/B6  (1) 2.3 Energy flow diagram: 2.3.1 Net energy  (1) 2.3.2 1 000 kj – 850 kj = 150 kj  (2) 2.3.3 Production / Growth / Lactation / Weight gain  (1) 2.4 Examples on roughages and concentrates: Examples of protein-rich roughage: Lucerne hay / Clover hay / Groundnut hay  (Any 1 x 1) (1) Examples of carbohydrate-rich concentrate: Maize meal / Oats meal / Barley meal / Rye meal / Sorghum meal  (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2017) 2.5 Digestibility of feeds: 2.5.1 TWO factors that can affect the digestibility of feeds:  Composition of feed   Composition of ration   Preparation of feed   Type of animal   Quantity of feed ingested   Age of the plant material   Individuality / Digestive system   Crop from which hay was produced   Stage plant was cut / Water amount   Method of making hay   Preparation of hay   Supplementation with NPN   Supplementation with molasses and protein   Palatability of ration   Temperature and humidity   Time, season and climate  (Any 3 x 1) (3) 2.5.2 Methods to improve digestibility of feeds:  Grinding / Crushing / Milling   Pelleting   Boiling   Roasting / Cooking   Soaking  Popping and micronising   Dry-rolling and cracking   Supplementing with protein, NPN or molasses  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5 Fodder flow programme: 2.6.1 Total dry matter (DM) available for A: 14 tons/ha x 25,5 ha  = 357 tons  (2) 2.6.2 Total costs of buying 20 tons feed shortage: R4,28 x 20 x 1 000  = R85 600,00  OR R4,28 x 20 000  = R85 600,00  (Any 2 x 1 ) (2) 2.6.3 Month when surplus and shortage are at zero: June  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 5 2.7 The Pearson square: 2.7.1 (Maize): 9%(20) (parts) (38 – 18 = 20)  18%   (Sunflower): 38%(9)  (parts) (18 – 9 = 9) The ratio of oat meal to sunflower is 20 : 9  (4) 2.7.2 The amount of maize in kg: Maize to sunflower is 20 + 9 = 29  20 Amount of maize is 29 x 650 kg  = 448,3 kg  OR Maize to sunflower is 20 + 9 = 29  20 Amount of maize is 29 x 100 = 68,9655% x 650 kg  = 448,3 kg  (3) 2.8 The Nutritive Ratio (NR) of feeds: FEED B  It has a narrow nutritive ratio / It has more protein and less carbohydrates.  (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2017) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Temperature ranges 3.1.1 TWO reasons to support why cows grow better at low temperature:  The presence of papilla in the rumen act as heating rods  to keep the temperature constant.   Cows have less radiation relative to their size.  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.2 TWO methods to protect pigs against extreme cold weather:  Shed for sheltering   Bedding in a pen   Provide insulation material   Insert heaters in a pen  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2 Housing structure for broiler production: 3.2.1 TWO examples of equipment in a poultry house:  Feed troughs   Water drinkers/troughs   Lighting   Nesting boxes / layer cages   Roosts   Bedding   Foot baths   Fans / Air conditioner   Heaters / Air conditioner   Incubators   Egg trays   Egg scale   Thermometer  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.2 TWO other ways in which temperature can be regulated  Heat lamps / heaters in cold weather   Fans   Ventilation systems   Air conditioning  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.3 TWO purposes of the part labelled A:  To allow ventilation / air flow   To allow diffused sunlight  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.3 Production system in farming: 3.3.1 Intensive production system (1) 3.3.2 Motivation:  High stocking density   High input costs (very expensive sophisticated equipment) / specialised equipment   Pigs are kept in a small closed area   Pigs are being fed with no access to natural pastures  (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 7 3.4 Equipment used on a farm: 3.4.1 Castration  (1) 3.4.2 A ‒ Elastrator  B ‒ Emasculator  C ‒ Burdizzo  (3) 3.4.3 Suitability of A and C: (a) Younger animals: A  (b) Adult animals: C  (2) 3.5 Farm animals and the ways in which they lose heat: 3.5.1 A: Conduction  B: Heat radiation / Radiation  (2) 3.5.2 Evaporation / Convection / Excretion / Oxidation / Respiration  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.6 Methods used to administer medicines to animals: 3.6.1 Balling gun  (1) 3.6.2 Drenching gun / Syringe  (1) 3.6.3 Balling gun  (1) 3.7 Differentiation between pulse rate and respiratory rate: Pulse rate:  Number of heartbeats of an animal in one minute  (1) Respiratory rate:  Number of breaths of an animal in one minute  (1) 3.8 The table showing diseases: A: Newcastle disease  B: Sores on the skin, secrete pus, scab, hard lumps on the skin and wool  C: Anaplasmosis / Gall sickness  D: Anthrax  (4) 3.9 The life cycle of an internal parasite: 3.9.1 Liver flukes / Trematodes / Flukes / Fasciolaepatica  (1) 3.9.2 The intermediate host: Snail / Slug  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2017) 3.9.3 TWO financial implications and detrimental effects of internal parasites:  Tissue damage   Poor production / stock losses / loss of income   High treatment costs  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.9.4 TWO pasture management measures of controlling internal parasites:  Rotational grazing   Resting of infected pastures   Allowing animals that are resistant to specific internal parasites   Avoid wet places   Use of zero grazing   Removal of manure / hygienic measures  (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The parts labelled A, C and E: 4.1.1 A ‒ Ovary  C ‒ Vagina  E ‒ Uterus  (3) 4.1.2 Function of B (cervix):  Provide favourable environment for sperm survival and serve as a reservoir for semen.   Transports or facilitates sperm transfer into the uterus.   It secrets thick mucus which acts as a barrier during pregnancy (preventing foreign material or bacteria from entering the uterus)   Prevents microbal contermination of the uturus. (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.1.3 The functions of glands labelled 1, 2 and 3 from DIAGRAM B:  Gland 1: (Cowper’s gland): Secretes a substance that lubricates and cleans urethra / improves mobility of sperms / Contribute to the volume of the ejaculate   Gland 2: (Prostrate): Milky alkaline secretion give semen its distinctive smell   Gland 3: (Seminal vesicles): Makes about 50% of bull’s ejaculate / Nutrition for sperms / Responsible for correct pH / Responsible for correct osmotic pressure of seminal fluid  (3) 4.1.4 Identification of parts F and G in DIAGRAM B:  F ‒ Sigmoid Flexure   G ‒ Testicle / Testis  (2) 4.2 Oestrus cycle in a cow: 4.2.1 Spermatogenesis  (1) 4.2.2 Deduction on the type of cell division:  Meiosis   Reason ‒ genetic material is reduced into half (diploid(2n) changed into haploid (n)/reduction division)  (2) 4.2.3 The stages of spermatogenesis:  C – Formation of the spermatids   D – Formation of sperm cells/spermatozoa  (2) 4.3 Oestrus cycle in a cow: 4.3.1 21 days  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2017) 4.3.2 Devices to detect oestrus in the cow:  Pedometer   Chin-ball marker   Tail-chalking   Kamarheatmount detector  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.3 Sequential order of FOUR reproductive hormones that are produced by a cow:  Progesterone   Luteotrophic hormone/LTH/prolactin   Relaxin   Oxytocin  (Any 4 x 1) (4) 4.4 Bar graph: The bar graph indicating the percentage motility of the ejaculates of different species: 100 90 80 70 Motility (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bull Ram Boar Stallion Man Species Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines  Correct heading   X-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Species)   Y-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Motility)   Correct units (%)   Bar graph   Accuracy  (Any 5 x 1) (5) 4.5 The breeding technique: 4.5.1 Embryo transplantation / Embryo transfer / Embryo flushing / Embryo harvesting  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 11 4.5.2 Donor cow  (1) 4.5.3 Disadvantages of ET:  Expensive   Require technical knowledge / Needs veterinarian   Genetic viability decreases with the use of only one superior cow   Recipient cow may not become pregnant / Abort eggs   Diseases can be spread   Ethics and animal welfare   Synchronisation of recipient and donor can be difficult  (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.6 Difficult birth: 4.6.1 Dystocia  (1) 4.6.2 Reason for difficult births in heifers:  Heifers are physically smaller and less developed (younger)/age   Incorrect presentation / position/ posture   Too large foetus / hydrocephalus   Deformities of the foetus   Torsion / twisting of the foetus   Prolapsed uterus   Multiple births / twins   Size of the pelvic area   Weak / ineffective labour   Cervix failing to dilate   Prolonged gestation / pregnancy period   Malnutrition   Diseases  (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.6.3 Parturition process has three distinct stages:  Preparatory stage   Ejection stage   Expulsion of the placenta  (3 x 1) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over