Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2022 QP (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2022 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 17 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. 2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 3. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 6. Show ALL your calculations, including formulae, where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legible. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 A. 1.1.1 The process of regurgitation occurs only in … A fowls. B cattle. C chickens. D pigs. 1.1.2 The presence of … is an adaptation feature of the ventriculus to perform its digestive function. A papillae B enzymes C villi D small stones 1.1.3 The following are the requirements of micro-organisms in the reticulo-rumen: (i) Sufficient mineral nutrients for growth and reproduction. (ii) Adequate supply of easily digestible carbohydrates. (iii) Warm, dry and aerobic environment with a temperature of 38 °C. (iv) Continuous elimination of waste products. Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (iii) and (iv) B (ii), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D (i), (ii) and (iii) 1.1.4 A method of improving digestibility of grain by dry heating causing it to expand is … A popping. B pelleting. C soaking. D dry rolling. 1.1.5 Correct handling of animals may lead to … A increased body mass. B higher grading of carcasses. C delayed rigor mortis. D bruises in animals. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 1.1.6 When environmental temperature drops, the following applies to farm animals: (i) Eat less feed, drink more water and produce more. (ii) Eat more feed and produce less. (iii) Eat a lot of feed to keep the body temperature constant. (iv) Eat more feed, drink less water and produce less. Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (iii) and (iv) B (ii), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D (i), (ii) and (iii) 1.1.7 The following diseases are caused by bacteria. A Mastitis and tuberculosis B Anthrax and Rift Valley Fever C Red water and mastitis D Swine flu and rabies 1.1.8 … is the measure the farmer can apply to prevent plant poisoning. A Allowing poisonous plants in the pasture for a short period B Giving animals insufficient feed before allowing them to graze C Allowing more cattle and few sheep on a camp D Regular inspection of hay kept in stables 1.1.9 The following statement is INCORRECT about milk production. A The higher the milk yield, the lower the butterfat content. B The lower the crude fibre in a feed, the higher the butterfat content. C A high crude fibre content produces high butterfat content. D There is an inverse relationship between milky yield and butterfat content. 1.1.10 The removal of the nucleus from the ovum during nuclear transfer. A Enucleation B Nucleus expulsion C Nucleation D Transplantation (10 x 2) (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 1.2 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 B only. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A: Keratomalacias Deficiency disease caused by lack B: Osteomalacia of vitamin D and calcium 1.2.2 A: Glands of Lieberkühn Glands between the villi that B: Glands of Langerhans secrete succus entericus 1.2.3 A: Aggressiveness Consequence of the correct B: Agitated behaviour handling of animals 1.2.4 A: Dosing Chemical method used to control B: Dipping parasites in farm animals 1.2.5 A: Congenital Inborn characteristics that are B: Infertility present at birth (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 Give ONE word/term for EACH of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.3.1 An alkaline liquid that is released into the duodenum to assist in the digestion of fat 1.3.2 The tendency of sheep to stand closer together on a hot day to reduce exposure to the sun 1.3.3 A condition in cows where the follicle does not rupture to release an ovum during a normal cycle 1.3.4 The part of the male reproductive organ responsible for regulating the temperature of the testicles 1.3.5 The accumulation of fluid in the tissues or between the foetal membrane (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in EACH of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write only the correct answer next to the question numbers (1.4.1 to 1.4.5) in the attached ANSWER BOOK. 1.4.1 Nitrogen-free extract is the amount of fat and fat-soluble components in a feed. 1.4.2 Injection is a method of administering medication in pigs with parakeratosis. 1.4.3 Tail-chalking is a device placed underneath the chin of an animal to mount cows on heat. 1.4.4 Electro-ejaculator is a long, narrow instrument that is used to inject semen into the uterus. 1.4.5 Embryo splitting is the removal of viable embryos from a superior cow (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The diagram below shows the digestive system of a farm animal. 2.1.1 Name the farm animal whose alimentary canal is represented in the diagram above. (1) 2.1.2 Give a reason for the answer in QUESTION 2.1.1 by referring to the diagram above. (1) 2.1.3 Indicate how the part labelled A differs from that of a fowl. (2) 2.1.4 Identify the letter representing the part where each of the following occurs: (a) Secretion of rennin (1) (b) Storage of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K (1) 2.1.5 Refer to the part labelled B to explain a reason why the animal in the diagram above cannot digest maize stalk. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 2.2 The flow chart below illustrates the processes involved in the digestion in the alimentary canal. A B C Food is broken Undigested food Food moves from down into smaller is eliminated from the blood into the particles the body tissues E D Food moves from the Food is taken in walls of intestines through the mouth into the blood for breaking down 2.2.1 Re-arrange the processes (A–E) in the flow chart above in a sequential order. (Write ONLY the letter of the process.) (5) 2.2.2 Name the structure that enables the process labelled E to take place. (1) 2.3 The table below shows the types of feeds that are used to supply the daily requirements of farm animals. FEED A FEED B Digestible protein 6% 12% Total Digestible Nutrients 56% 75% 2.3.1 Classify FEED A and FEED B from the table above. (2) 2.3.2 Identify the feed that is suitable for each of the descriptions below: (a) Main source of food for non-ruminants (1) (b) Improves the functioning of digestive system (1) (c) Can be used for the production of milk (1) 2.3.3 Calculate the nutritive ratio of FEED A. (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 2.4 During a digestibility trial, the farmer gave an animal 12 kg of hay and the animal excreted 5 kg dry manure. 2.4.1 Calculate the digestibility co-efficiency of the hay used in this trial. (Show ALL calculations.) (4) 2.4.2 Suggest ONE supplement that the farmer can use to increase the palatability and digestibility of this hay. (1) 2.5 The pictures below show animals with deficiency symptoms of nutrients. ANIMAL A ANIMAL B 2.5.1 Identify the deficiency symptom shown in ANIMAL A and ANIMAL B. (2) 2.5.2 Indicate the nutrient deficient in ANIMAL A and ANIMAL B. (2) 2.5.3 Give the feed source that could be used to correct the deficiency in ANIMAL A. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 2.6 The pie chart below indicates the feed available and the supplementary requirements for lactating cows. 2.6.1 Identify the number of months in which the veld had no fodder available. (1) 2.6.2 Assume that the demand on the veld in May was 5 kg per day for each lactating cow, then, calculate the total feed required by 100 lactating cows in May. (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 11 QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 The table below shows different ways to increase production in two production units. PRODUCTION UNIT A PRODUCTION UNIT B FEEDING Animals fed on good quality Animals fed the highest grazing only level of concentrates BREEDING Breeding takes place in the Animals are bred from animal’s natural environment high quality bulls to during the appropriate maximise production and season increase profit ENVIRONMENT Animals rely on trees for Housing/shelters and protection against extreme equipment are used to temperature conditions keep environmental conditions optimal for animals 3.1.1 Identify the production unit that will sell the animals for profit. (1) 3.1.2 Give TWO reasons from the table above to justify the answer in QUESTION 3.1.1. (2) 3.1.3 State TWO basic housing structures that are likely to be found in PRODUCTION UNIT B. (2) 3.1.4 The PRODUCTION UNIT A has a low input cost. Justify this statement with TWO reasons from the table above. (2) 3.2. Animals react differently to stress and fear. Name the animal that displays each of the following behaviour when under stress: (a) Pawing (1) (b) Snout rubbing (1) (c) Feigned charging movements (1) 3.3 State ONE requirement when moving farm animals along/across a road. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 3.4 The equipment below are used by farmers during handling of farm animals. A B C 3.4.1 Indicate the purpose for which equipment labelled A and C are used in a farming enterprise. (2) 3.4.2 Sheep farmers prefer using the equipment labelled C to castrate/dock animals. Provide TWO reasons for this choice. (2) 3.4.3 Name the equipment labelled B. (1) 3.4.4 List TWO guidelines that are important when handling cattle. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 13 3.5 The table below shows the average pulse and respiratory rates of different farm animals. FARM TEMPERATURE PULSE RATE RESPIRATORY ANIMALS (°C) (HEART BEATS RATE (BREATHS PER MINUTE) PER MINUTE) Cattle 38,5 65 20 Sheep 39,5 80 15 Goats 39,5 75 15 Pigs 39,0 60 10 Fowls 41,5 312 25 3.5.1 Draw a bar graph showing the average pulse rate and respiratory rate of farm animals in the table except fowls. (6) 3.5.2 Explain the trend of the pulse rate and respiratory rate in different farm animals. (2) 3.6 The illustration below shows the life cycle of a parasite. 3.6.1 Classify the parasite in the above illustration and provide its name. (2) 3.6.2 Identify the symptom of this parasite infestation that is visible from the illustration above. (1) 3.6.3 Indicate the treatment measure the farmer can apply when animals are infested with the parasite in the illustration. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 3.7 Below is the list of key symptoms of the diseases commonly affecting farm animals: A Urine becomes dark red or brown B Milk from the udder becomes thick, flaky with clots C Fleece contains lumps, scabs or crust D Blood-stained nasal discharge 3.7.1 Name the pathogen responsible for the disease in B and C. (2) 3.7.2 Give the name of the disease in A and D. (2) 3.7.3 Identify the letter of the symptoms of the disease that is transmitted by a blue tick. (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 15 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 The diagram below shows the process that occurs in the reproductive system of a farm animal. 4.1.1 Indicate the reproductive organ where the process illustrated above occurs. (1) 4.1.2 Identify the cells labelled A and C. (2) 4.1.3 Name the type of cell division that occurs between B and C. (1) 4.1.4 Give the name of the part in the cell labelled D that enables it to do the following: (a) Penetrate zona pellucida (1) (b) Provide energy for mobility (1) 4.1.5 Indicate TWO similarities between the process illustrated above and the one occurring in female animals. (2) 4.2 Different factors regulate the mating behaviour among bulls. 4.2.1 State the hormone that regulates mating behaviour in bulls. (1) 4.2.2 Name TWO senses that stimulate the mating response of bulls. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) 4.3 The stages below represent the reproductive process taking place in animals. STAGE A STAGE B STAGE C Foetal membrane Cervix, vagina, Foetus enters the separates from the vulva dilate. cervix with front uterine caruncle and Hormones initiate legs and nose eventually expelled contractions which protruding first occur at intervals of about 15 minutes 4.3.1 Identify the process represented by the stages above. (1) 4.3.2 Provide the name of the stages labelled A, B and C. (3) 4.3.3 Name the hormone that causes the corpus luteum to regress at the stage labelled B. (1) 4.3.4 Indicate TWO signs visible when the animal approaches the process in QUESTION 4.3.1. (2) 4.4 The following are steps involved to ensure successful artificial insemination: • Semen dilution • Semen collection • Semen storage • Semen evaluation 4.4.1 Rearrange the steps above in a sequential order. (4) 4.4.2 Indicate the component of a dilutant that is responsible for each of the following functions: (a) Provides nutrients for semen (1) (b) Prevents bacterial growth (1) (c) Provides protection against pH changes (1) 4.4.3 Indicate the recommended temperature for storing semen over years in liquid nitrogen. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 17 4.5 The schematic representation below indicates the hormonal changes that occur during the oestrus cycle. 4.5.1 Identify the hormones labelled A, C and D. (3) 4.5.2 Explain TWO important functions of the hormone labelled A during the oestrus cycle. (2) 4.5.3 Name the process in B. (1) 4.5.4 Luteinizing hormones plays an important role in the process labelled B. Justify this statement. (2) 4.5.5 Indicate the stage of oestrus when the hormone labelled C is at its peak. (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over