Agricultural Management Practices Nov 2020 Memo Eng hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES NOVEMBER 2020 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 200 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 2 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 A 1.1.3 B  1.1.4 A, B, C  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 A, D  1.1.9 B  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 MATCH COLUMN A AND COLUMN B 1.2.1 G  1.2.2 E  1.2.3 K  1.2.4 J  1.2.5 C  1.2.6 D 1.2.7 H 1.2.8 B 1.2.9 A 1.2.10 F  (10 x 2) (20) 1.3 AGRICULTURAL TERMS 1.3.1 Budget  1.3.2 Sorting  1.3.3 Basic Conditions of Employment Act  1.3.4 Surplus / Glut 1.3.5 Current / short term liabilities  (5 x 1) (5) 1.3 UNDERLINED WORDS 1.4.1 Management / Crop rotation/ Sustainability  1.4.2 Capital  1.4.3 Stability  1.4.4 Topography 1.4.5 Contract marketing (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 3 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PLANNING 2.1 Negative influence of strong winds on crop production  The wind can damage the leaves, flowers, and fruit setting  this will lead to a reduction in photosynthesis  and thus lower production.   More transpiration and evaporation  plants to stress more  production will be lower.   Plants can also be uprooted  or be blown over  this will result in no production  Plants are smaller, grow abnormally and low production   Pollination negatively affected  less fruit form thus lower production  (Any 3) (3) 2.2 Agricultural Acts 2.2.1 Farm workers have the right to work in a safe environment  Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act 85 of 1993)  (1) 2.2.2 FOUR protective measures  Wash their hands after using the chemicals   Wear protective clothing like overalls with long sleeves, masks  Never pour chemicals from hand to hand but on a stable surface   Mix chemicals according to instructions of manufacturer   Be properly trained to work with chemicals   Don't bring chemicals close to water, food, fish and animals  (Any 4) (4) 2.3 Needed capital Medium-term Long-term Short-term capital capital capital (movable (fixed capital) (working capital) capital) Livestock  Implements  Fences  Wages  (4) 2.4 Types of labour 2.4.1 Seasonal worker (1) 2.4.2 Permanent/ full-time employee (1) 2.4.3 Casual / occasional labour/ contracted worker (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 4 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 Protecting soil fertility and erosion  Additional organic material reduce erosion  Better groundcover reduce erosion  Use zero/minimum tillage for better soil cover  Correct cultivation-/ irrigation- /grazing practices  Reduce length of slope to reduce speed of water that contributes to erosion   Mulching reduce erosion  (Any 5) (5) 2.6 Commercial farming Subsistence farming system system 2.6.1 Technology Mechanised/ Use animal traction/hands / More  Less 2.6.2 Outputs Large amounts  Small amounts  (4) 2.7 Resource utilization and grazing management  2.7.1 Evaluate the sizes of the camps  The farmer must fence veld types with the same potential and palatability of grazing together   If the natural veld is more palatable  the farmer needs a smaller area  to get the same nutrition for the livestock.   If the natural veld is less palatable  the farmer needs a bigger area  to get the same nutrition for the livestock  (Any 2) (2) 2.7.2 THREE advantages of a wagon wheel layout  The water trough is in the middle of all the camps   Only one trough to maintain   Reduces labour costs   Reduces time, energy and money spend on maintenance  (Any 3) (3) 2.7.3 Problem of rotational grazing between camps of different size and nutrition  The time  that the animals spend in a small camp should be shorter and vice versa  (2) 2.7.4 Reasons for resting camps  The maximum production of grazing material can then take place   Mature climax grasses can form seeds   Young plants can get the opportunity to establish themselves   Further root development can take place  Plants can recover after grazing   Prevent overgrazing  (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 5 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.8 Soil properties 2.8.1 Soil colour  Red / yellow soils have good drainage and crops will grow well if sufficient water is available   Dark / brown soils are rich in organic matter and have a natural 'fertility' making them good for crop production   Grey soils are waterlogged soils  and not good for crop production  (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.8.2 Soil texture  Sandy soils have a fast infiltration  rate but does not hold water – soil will produce well if enough rainfall present   Sandy soils are less fertile than clay soils and more fertilisers need to be added to sandy soils than to clay soils  to obtain good production   Clay soils have a slow infiltration and hold water better – good for production   Clay soils are also more fertile because of nutrients retained – good for production  (Any 2 x 3) (6) 2.9 Soil pollution 2.9.1 Soil degradation  A too high concentration of pesticides will kill soil organisms (bacteria/ earthworms)   Infertility of soil leads to bare areas and no vegetation   Contribute to loss of ecosystems  (Any 2) (2) 2.9.2 Water pollution  A too high concentration of pesticides from the polluted soil drain  into the ground water and cause pollution of the ground water   Pesticides drift can pollute water sources  (Any 2) (2) 2.10 Use of animal traction on the farm  Ploughing   Pulling a cart to deliver lick/transport material etc.  Gathering and counting livestock/checking fences   Transporting people  (Any 2) (2) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 6 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: ENTREPRENEURSHIP, RECORDING, MARKETING, BUSINESS PLANNING AND ORGANISED AGRICULTURE 3.1 FOUR aspects a farmer should consider in conducting a market survey  Location of the market /demographic of the market   The products that consumers need   The price consumers are willing to pay for the product   Expectations of the consumers on the product you are producing   Competitors producing the same product  (Any 4) (4) 3.2 Agricultural businesses 3.2.1 Primary agricultural sector  Vegetables   Dairy  (2) 3.2.2 Secondary agricultural sector  Agritourism  Abattoirs (2) 3.2.3 Tertiary agricultural sector  Feed companies  Irrigation supplier  (2) 3.3 Comparison of free and cooperative marketing 3.3.1  Less bargaining power  (1) 3.3.2  High marketing costs  (1) 3.3.3  Less protection  (1) 3.3.4  High bargaining power  (1) 3.3.5  Low marketing costs per unit  (1) 3.3.6  More protection  (1) 3.4. Need for finance in the process of selling produce  For transport costs  For storage costs  For labour costs (Any 2) (2) 3.5 Price determination  Cost – it determines the minimum price that one can sell produce to make a profit.   Demand – the higher the demand for a specific product, the higher the price will be and vice versa.   Competition – competitive products will have an influence on the price.  (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 7 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.6 Supply and demand  It is best to supply the market with your product when demand for the product is high and the supply  from other producers is low in order to collect the highest possible market price. (4) 3.7 Crop production budget 3.7.1 Definition of a budget plan  It is a plan of the future income and expenses of a business (2) 3.7.2 Crop production budget: Missing values (a) R80,00 (b) R85,00 (c) R1 600,00 (d) R10 012,00 (e) R22 500,00 (5) 3.7.3 Calculate the profit or loss  Profit/ loss= total income minus total expenses (Formula)  Profit/ loss=R22 500–R10 012 (CA-marking)  Profit/loss = R12 488 (profit) because the expenses are less than the income.  (Unit must be indicated) (4) 3.7.4 Basic elements of a budget  Estimated income for a certain period  Estimated cost/expenditure to obtain it (2) 3.8 List of farming enterprise records Production record Physical record Financial record  Crop yield per ton of  Workshop tool  Cash flow fertilizer.  inventory  Number and  Stock of seeds for the  Workshop tool condition of young next planting season inventory animals born (5) 3.9 Balance sheet 3.9.1 Increase in asset  Land and building:  Fixed assets will grow in value over time with normal maintenance  Livestock: There could be in increase in livestock numbers  Cash Selling more products/obtain higher prices for products  (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.9.2 Increase in liability  Accounts payable (1) 3.9.3 Reason for lower value  Depreciation (wear and tear/old) (1) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 8 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: HARVESTING, PROCESSING, MANAGEMENT AND AGRITOURISM 4.1 Farm Management 4.1.1 Reasons for planning  Change in resource patterns – how resources are available and the balance between these resources requires new planning  Change in technological and biological relations – new technology used required new planning  Change in prices – higher input costs require new planning regarding products produced.   Risks and uncertainties – Review is a continual process, some aspects are beyond the farmers control and requires review.  (Any 3 x 2) (6) 4.1.2 Steps in the planning process  Formulate objectives and goals.   Collect information.   Analyse information.   Develop alternatives  Choose between alternatives.   Implementation and evaluation. (6) 4.2 Reasons for employer/employee contract  It is a legal requirement  Establish legal agreement  Protects the right of both parties  Formally defines terms of employment  It can be referred to if a dispute arises  Defines what is expected (job description)   Contains the basic conditions of employment (Any 5) (5) 4.3 Storage of agricultural products 4.3.1 Temperature  Must be cool /suitable temperature  (1) 4.3.2 Ventilation  Must be sufficient air circulation/enough oxygen/low carbon dioxide levels  (1) 4.4 Food processing 4.4.1 Aim of processing food  To bring high quality food / Prevent spoiling or decay/longer shelf-life   Value adding / Higher prices  (2) 4.4.2 Discuss THREE disadvantages of processing  Difficult to acquire capital to start new venture   New products compete with established products   Lack of expertise by the farmer in a competitive market   Change in physical appearances and taste  (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 9 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.4.3 THREE requirements of Ideal packaging material  Light weight  Transparent  Easily opened and closed  Non-toxic  Hygienic   Adjustable with food   Protection of the product   Tamperproof   Easy to print or labelling   Resistant to mechanical and thermal damage   Environmentally friendly   Cost effective   Easily disposable  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.4 Types of packaging material  Rigid   Semi-rigid   Flexible  (Any 2) (2) 4.5 Food safety 4.5.1 Food handling strategies  Regular monitoring and surveillance by health authority   Management of food handling process  (Any 1) (1) 4.5.2 Principles of health in food handling  Education and training   Reporting of illness/health interviews   Management commitment  (Any 2) (2) 4.6 Value adding methods 4.6.1 Meat – graded, cuts, dried  and packed (4) 4.6.2 Wool – sheared, graded, packed (3) 4.6.3 Grains – graded, milled, packed, baked  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 10 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.7 Agritourism 4.7.1 Reasons behind the positive increase in the agritourism  People are looking for new experiences/adventure/recreation/ uncomplicated life/less technology.   It is local therefore people can spend more money because travelling costs are reduced.   Parents want children to experience the country life/get educated in farm life.   Farmers diversify- reducing risks  - increase income  - optimize use of resources   Farmers can enjoy sharing farm lifestyle with other people/meet interesting people/socialize more.  (Any 4) (4) 4.7.2 Agritourism contributes to the economic objectives of the country  Jobs are created /increase employment   Training is provided and people are empowered.   Communities benefit from the development/living conditions are improved/ transport services/vegetable gardens/ entrepreneurial possibilities   Conservation of resources takes place   Increasing revenue of the area and/or country  (Any 3) (3) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 150 GRAND TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved