Agricultural Management Practices Nov 2018 FINAL Memo Eng hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES NOVEMBER 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 200 These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 2 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Multiple-choice questions 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 D (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 Matching items 1.2.1 E  1.2.2 F  1.2.3 I  1.2.4 C  1.2.5 G  1.2.6 L  1.2.7 J  1.2.8 B  1.2.9 D  1.2.10 K  (10 x 2) (20) 1.3 Agricultural terms 1.3.1 Insurance  1.3.2 Demand  1.3.3 Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Disease Act, 1993 (Act 130 of 1993  1.3.4 Game farming/Game farm  1.3.5 Infrastructure  (5 x 1) (5) 1.4 Underlined words 1.4.1 Expenditure / Working capital/Floating capital  1.4.2 Debtors  1.4.3 Cash /Money  1.4.4 Receipts  1.4.5 Packaging  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 3 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PLANNING 2.1 Slope 2.1.1 Soil slope TOPOGRAPHICAL FACTOR PRODUCTION POTENTIAL Deep soil with few rocks, gentle slopes Greater production potential more suited for crop production/ higher yield  Shallow soil on moderate rocky slope Less production potential more suitable for grazing  Very steep slopes Better suited for grazing, wild life and forestry  (3) 2.1.2 Different methods that the farmer can use to prevent soil erosion • A – Vegetation strips  • B – Stone banks/Bunding  • C – Contour banks/Ridges  (3) 2.1.3 Correct cultivation method and reason • Method A  (1) AND • Reduce the flow of water  • And give the water more time to infiltrate the soil  OR • Reduced erosion  • By reducing the speed that the water flow  (Any 1) (2) 2.2 Pastures 2.2.1 Complete the table and calculate the number of animals ANIMAL GROUP NUMBER USAGE TOTAL FACTOR Lactating cows 300 1,2 360 Calves 1 – 2 year 300 0,6 180  Replacement heifers 60 1,0 60  Bulls 10 1,3 13  Total animals on the farm – – 613  (4) 2.2.2 Calculate the maximum number of the animals on the farm 2 000 ha • Max number of animals =  4 LSU/ha = 500 animals  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 4 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.2.3 Deduce sustainable production, reason and impact • No, it is not sustainable or • No there are too many animals (113 extra) on the farm  (Any 1) (1) Possible impacts • Overgrazing of palatable grasses will take place  • Veld will deteriorate/increase of unpalatable grasses  • Soil erosion will occur  • Carrying capacity will decrease (Any 3) (3) 2.2.4 Solutions for sustainability • Reduce the number of animals/Correct carrying capacity /Correct stoking rate  • Sell calves at a young age or at weaning  • Make use of artificial pastures/Planting of artificial pastures  • Planting of fodder crops as extra feed  • Make use of a feedlot for the younger animals  • Replace large livestock with small livestock  • Fertilising/irrigation of veld  • Obtain/buy/hire extra veld  (Any 5) (5) 2.3 Farming systems (methods) • Extensive  – large farms with small capital inputs relative to size e.g. labour and fertiliser  • Semi-intensive – combination between extensive and intensive systems (more management and labour intensive that extensive but less than intensive) • Intensive – High capital input relative to size of area  (Any 3 x 2) (6) 2.4 TWO usages of animal traction • Transport farm inputs, products and feed/licks  • Spreading of fertilizers and composts  • Cultivation and transport on difficult terrain  • For weeding  (Any 2) (2) 2.5 FOUR methods to ensure a productive workforce • Appreciation and credit given for work done  • Have a sincere interest in the worker as a person  • Transfer responsibility to the worker  • Fair remuneration  • Training  • Communication  • Recreation facilities/Housing  (Any 4) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 5 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.6 Budget 2.6.1 Comparable Statement • Cash flow statement  • Income statement  (Any 1) (1) 2.6.2 Item influenced by change in interest rate and reason • Loan  • The higher the interest rate the less the profit will be in the enterprise and vice versa  (2) 2.6.3 ONE item influenced by inflation and explain • Seed  • Fertilizer  • Wages  • Pesticide  (Any 1) (1) AND • Inflation will increase prices of these items and lower the profit  (1) 2.6.4 Item affected by labour legislation • Wages  (1) 2.7 Choice of farming methods 2.7.1 Profitability • Higher profitability will make it more likely that a farmer will choose that particular method  • Future market trends must also be considered in determination of profitability  (2) 2.7.2 Markets • Distance to the markets must be considered due to costs to the market • Value adding of product reduces risk of deterioration due to distance  • Size of market can have a big influence on profitability due to prizes and selling volumes  • Export markets can have higher costs but also higher income than local markets  (Any 2) (2) 2.7.3 Policies • Legislation can make it impossible to use certain methods  • Policies can limit the use of the different resources  (2) 2.8 Credit as high-risk action • Sudden changes in interest rate can have a negative effect on the liability of the farm or make repayments difficult  • Different climate or market factors can have a negative effect on the number of products sold or the price of the products that will negatively affect the profitability of the farm  (2) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 6 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: ENTREPRENEURSHIP, RECORDING, MARKETING, BUSINESS PLANNING AND ORGANISED AGRICULTURE 3.1 Business plan 3.1.1 Marketing plan  (1) 3.1.2 Production plan  (1) 3.1.3 Human resources plan/Labour plan  (1) 3.1.4 SWOT analysis  (1) 3.2 Advantages of business plan • Provides clear strategies and goals  • Guides the business towards goal and objectives  • Ensures effective business management  • Helps to reposition the business  • Facilitates risk management  • Helps to compile set of priorities e.g. marketing plan  • Helps the farmer to determine competitive advantages  • Makes early detections of possible problems  • Helps in allocating funds according to priority  • Identifies beneficiary opportunities  • Helps to improve communication within the business  • Creates timetable to assist business in implementing (Any 5) (5) 3.3.1 Factors that contribute to a successful manager • Knowledge of the enterprise  • Contacts/Networking  • Financial skills  • Managerial skills /Leadership  • Human relation skills  • Business skills  (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 7 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.2 Phases of the entrepreneurial process identifying and evaluating the opportunities  determining the resources required  developing the business plan  starting and managing the enterprise  OR identifying    determining and developing starting and the evaluating the business managing resources the plan the enterpise required opportunities Rubric  • For each correct linkage one mark (3 x 1) • Correct type of flowchart one mark (4) 3.4 Requirements for a good business record • Clear and simple/easy  • Specific/accurate  • Realistic  • Relevant  • Complete  • Addresses specific needs of the farm  • Up to date  (Any 3) (3) 3.5 Importance of a Balance Sheet • It gives the farmer a clear picture of business financial position • Shows whether the business is well managed  • It shows the financial position of the farm at a specific date  (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 8 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.6 Distinguish between diversification and specialisation an example 3.6.1 Diversification • Diversification is when a farmer has various production units that contribute to the total income of the farm  • Example: any two or more enterprises (dairy + beef; sheep + goat; maize + sunflower etc.)  (2) 3.6.2 Specialisation • Specialisation is when a farmer focuses on one commodity by adapting the farming methods to producing that single product  • Example: only ONE enterprise (maize; wool; dairy; meat; etc.)  (2) 3.7 Product organisations 3.7.1 Name and discuss role of product organisations • Business information services:  – responsible for collecting and distributing production and market information to all role players  • Market development and product promotion:  – development of domestic and foreign markets through integrated promotion campaigns in collaboration with industry players  • Research, development and technology transfer:  – facilitates and manages research programmes for the benefit of all role players  (3 x 2) (6) 3.7.2 Disadvantages of product organisations • Limits the initiative of farmers  • Marketing and negotiations are limited  • Membership fees must be paid  • Can lose control over his product • Too many organisations can have a negative effect (Any 2) (2) 3.8 Modern methods of advertising • Online/online advertisement/webpages  • Internet based services/Social media  • Sponsorships at conventions/functions  • Direct mail  • Billboards  • SMS  • Company/product cell phone application (app)  (Any 4) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 9 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.9 Factors that influence quantity of product consumer wants • The lower the price of a product, the higher the demand for it will be or the higher the price of the product the lower the demand will be for that product.  • If consumers prefer a particular product to competing products, the demand for the product that people prefer will be high  • If consumers prefer a particular product, the more they tend to buy at higher prices  • The more consumers there are, the greater the demand for a specific product  • The higher the income of consumers the higher the demand for a product  • If the price of a product that competes with other is noticeably lower, the demand for a certain product will be lower as consumers prefer to buy cheaper products  • The bigger the range of products available, the smaller the demand for a particular product • Bigger range will increase the total demand for a product  (Any 5) (5) 3.10 Relationship between income and cost 3.10.1 Label different graphs • Graph A – Fixed cost  • Graph B – Total cost  • Graph C – Variable cost  (3) 3.10.2 Name for the point marked D • Break-even point  (1) 3.10.3 Economic importance of point D • Point D indicate the number of products that must be sold so that the income is equal to the expenditure  • Before the point marked D, the business will be operating at a loss  • After the point marked D, the business will be operating at a profit  (3) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 10 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: HARVESTING, PROCESSING, MANAGEMENT AND AGRITOURISM 4.1 Factors to consider when doing pre-harvest planning • Readiness of crop  • Harvest equipment serviced  • Availability of harvest equipment • Availability of contractor  • Enough harvest containers  • Clean storage area  • Available transport  • Availability of labourers  • Availability of restroom facilities  • Availability of drinking water  (Any 5) (5) 4.2 Describe handling of agricultural products • Correct disposal of waste – so that it does not contaminate produce  • Health of workers – to avoid transmitting diseases through products  • General hygiene – must be of high standard to minimise contamination of products  • Correct handling of produce – to reduce spoilage of produce  • Correct packaging and transport to maintain quality of produce  (5) 4.3 Storage methods for newly harvested agricultural products 4.3.1 Fruits or vegetables  (1) 4.3.2 Meat  (1) 4.3.3 Grain/CerealsRraw oil seeds  (1) 4.3.4 Milk  (1) 4.4 FIVE advantages of bulk storage • The area exposed to air is less per mass  • Pest is less due to deeper layers and exclusion of air  • Bulk handling is cheaper  • Bulk handling is easier  • It is faster to handle  • Less labour is required  (Any 5) (5) 4.5 Favourable growth conditions under which micro-organisms can thrive • The correct food product  • Moisture  • Suitable temperature  • Suitable pH  • Air/oxygen  (Any 4) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 11 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.6 Packaging 4.6.1 Packaging material – polystyrene • It is suitable for meat products  Reason • It can be easily cleaned  • Does not absorb odours  • Light weight  • Hygienic  • Non-toxic  • Impervious to gases and odours  • Withstand moisture  (Any 2) (3) 4.6.2 Packaging material – card board • It is not suitable for meat products  Reason • Does not withstand moisture  • Not easy to clean  • Not impervious to gases and odours  • Can be heavy/Not light weight  (Any 2) (3) 4.7 Marketing channels 4.7.1 Contract marketing  (1) 4.7.2 Internet marketing  (1) 4.7.3 Auctions  (1) 4.7.4 Fresh produce markets  (1) 4.8 Advantages of planning and co-ordination 4.8.1 Advantages of planning • Ensures that the farm runs smoothly and purposefully  • Helps to anticipate change so adjustments can be made timeously  • Helps to establish the goals and standards needed for control  (3) 4.8.2 Advantages of coordination • Duplication is eliminated  • Better cooperation amongst the workers  • Organisation in the workplace becomes easier and more functional  (3) 4.9 Effect of motivation through encouragement and delegation • Workers feel more appreciated  • Builds self-confidence  • Workers feel part of management  • Leads to higher productivity  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 12 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.10.1 Agritourism 4.10.1 Type of enterprise • Agritourism (1) 4.10.2 Agritourism Rubric: The flyer must have the following information: • Location of the farm  • Contact details of the farm  • Facilities available e.g. overnight accommodation  • Possible activities and experiences e.g. mountain climbing / hunting / bird viewing / fishing / canoeing  (any 2 activities, maximum 2 marks) • Design/Layout should not be more than half an A4-page  (6) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 150 GRAND TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved