Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 IEB Paper 2 2017 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Time: 2½ hours 150 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 12 pages and an Answer Sheet of 2 pages (i–ii). Please ensure that your question paper is complete. Please ensure that your examination number is completed in the space provided on the Answer Sheet and that it is handed in with your Answer Book at the end of the exam session. 2. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. 3. This question paper consists of FOUR questions. 4. Question 1 must be answered on the Answer Sheet provided. Questions 2, 3, and 4 must be answered in your Answer Book. 5. Read the questions carefully. 6. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 7. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered in the question paper. 8. Use the total marks that can be awarded for each of Questions 2, 3 and 4 as an indication of the detail required. 9. Non-programmable calculators may be used. 10. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 2 of 12 SECTION A QUESTION 1 Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet provided. 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and make a cross (X) in the block (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) on the attached Answer Sheet. NO marks will be awarded if more than one cross (X) appears for the answer. EXAMPLE 1.1.11 A B C D 1.1.1 Using cultural values would be the most effective way for a maize producer to increase the market for their produce. This can be done by encouraging … A a pig producer to use more maize meal for feed mixtures. B rural and urban communities to eat more porridge made from maize meal. C vegetarians to eat more products made from maize. D a dairy farmer to utilise more maize meal in their dairy rations. 1.1.2 One of the following is the first step in the development of the strategic management plan. A Setting goals and objectives B Developing the vision C Evaluation D Developing the mission 1.1.3 When a red flower is crossed with a white flower and pink flowers are produced, the genetic interaction seen is … A co-dominance. B complete dominance. C incomplete dominance. D None of the above. 1.1.4 A farm owner observing and counting cattle and recording the data reflects the following management principle: A Motivation B Coordination C Leadership D Control IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 3 of 12 1.1.5 A farmer wants to grow a crop of chickpeas in a camp that has clay soil and a problem with oats as a weed. Rate (l/ha) Crop Weeds Light Medium Heavy soil soil soil Amaranthus Kikuyu Chickpeas 1,5 1,7 2,0 Millet Oats What rate of herbicide should the farmer use? A 1,5 B 1,7 C 2,0 D 1,2 1.1.6 A Black Angus farmer had, for the first time in the history of the stud, a red calf born. Indicate the statement most relevant to the scenario. A The farm can expect to have more red calves born in the future. B The neighbour's bull jumped the fence. C This red calf is probably infertile. D It is a genetic mutation and shouldn't happen again. 1.1.7 This is one way in which a farmer can decrease the risk factors that will influence income. A Pawning capital items B Repairing capital items C Insuring capital items D Selling capital items 1.1.8 …. cause an individual to die or be badly deformed at birth. A Polygenes B Lethal genes C Recessive genes D Dominant genes IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 4 of 12 1.1.9 ONE of the following is NOT a form of capital: A Product capital B Working capital C Fixed capital D Movable capital 1.1.10 When crossing two double heterozygous individuals, the following is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring: A 1:2:1 B 9:3:3:1 C 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 4 : 2 : 1: 2 : 1 D 3:1 (20) 1.2 Choose a term/phrase from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question number (1.2.1– 1.2.5) on the Answer Sheet provided, e.g. 1.2.6 K. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A cross between two homozygous A. Land individuals, which in a particular characteristic, produce heterozygous B. Co-dominance offspring similar to one of the parents. C. Elasticity of supply 1.2.2 The place where consumers and producers meet. D. Machinery 1.2.3 Medium term capital item. E. Over supply 1.2.4 A phenomenon that shows how the F. Market quantity of produced goods responds to a change in price at a market. G. Market equilibrium 1.2.5 A level in marketing where the amount H. Complete dominance demanded and the amount produced are equal. I. Surplus J. Farmers' association (10) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 5 of 12 1.3 Give ONE word/term/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term/phrase next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) on the attached Answer Sheet. 1.3.1 A sterile hybrid produced by crossing two individuals from different species. 1.3.2 A source of farm capital created by borrowing money from a financial institution. 1.3.3 The process of attracting public attention to a specific agricultural product or business through various forms of communication. 1.3.4 The management function that encourages farm workers to do their best at all times. 1.3.5 The modification of the DNA resulting in a change in the sequence of the genes. (10) 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD in each of the following statements to make the statements TRUE. Write only the correct word(s) next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) on the attached Answer Sheet. 1.4.1 The business contract is an agreement to buy/sell a certain quantity of a product at a given price at a predetermined date in the future. 1.4.2 Prepotency is the appearance in a population of a characteristic determined by homozygous recessive gene. 1.4.3 In the stages of the marketing chain, accidents, theft and spoilage could be regarded as processing. 1.4.4 Homozygous is the improved performance of offspring created when breeding two individuals of different breeds. 1.4.5 Moveable capital refers to capital goods that are used for one production season only, for example fuel, fertiliser and feeds. (5) 45 marks IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 6 of 12 SECTION B QUESTION 2 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING Answer this question in your Answer Book. 2.1 The tables below represent the financial statements of two farmers involved in egg production. Farmer A: Expenditure items/expenses (Rand) Income (Rand) Cost price of layers 13 500 Eggs 25 200 Feed 11 500 Sale of layers 6 700 Electricity, water and wages 7 000 Sale of manure 5 400 Gas for heating 400 Egg trays 2 100 Veterinary care 1 200 Maintenance 800 (A) (B) Farmer B: Expenditure items/expenses (Rand) Income (Rand) Cost price of layers 14 500 Eggs 28 200 Feed 10 500 Sale of layers 7 800 Electricity, water and wages 6 000 Gas for heating 400 Egg trays 2 500 Veterinary care 1 200 Maintenance 800 (C) (D) 2.1.1 Calculate the values of A, B, C and D. (4) 2.1.2 Identify the most profitable farmer and show all your calculations. (3) 2.1.3 Make THREE recommendations on how Farmer A could reduce his/ her costs. (3) 2.1.4 Describe TWO components of a cash-flow budget as it is presented in the data of Farmer A and B above. (2) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 7 of 12 2.2 The table below shows data of the average number of layers that are laying eggs (%) in a farming district and data from actual averages of a number of layers (%) that are laying eggs at a specific farm. Layer age 21 22 23 25 26 28 31 32 40 48 60 65 70 (weeks) Average % of layers that are 5 10 18 52 65 84 94 88 83 77 73 70 70 laying eggs (%) Actual farm average % of 0 5 10 40 55 75 80 82 78 72 68 65 60 layers that are laying eggs (%) 2.2.1 Using a line graph, plot the data in the table above. Put the age of the birds on the X-axis. (6) 2.2.2 Indicate whether the farmer in this example is performing better or worse than the district average. Give a reason from the data above to support your answer. (2) 2.2.3 Let us assume the farmer in this example has 10 000 laying hens. Calculate the number of eggs that will be produced during Week 32 of production. (3) 2.2.4 Assuming the farmer has 10 000 hens, calculate how much more money the farmer could have produced each day of Week 31, had the farm been producing at the same rate as the district average. Work on an average egg price of R7,50 per dozen. (7) 2.3 List FIVE main items that should be included in a good business plan. (5) [35] QUESTION 3 PRODUCTION FACTORS Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 Agricultural management can be defined as a comprehensive activity, involving the combination and coordination of human, physical and financial resources. These factors are combined in a way which produces a commodity or a service, which is both wanted and can be offered at a price which will be paid. This process also includes making the working environment agreeable and acceptable for those involved. 3.1.1 Identify FOUR main factors that need to be combined in the management of a farm. (4) 3.1.2 State FOUR external influences that may affect the farm as a business. (4) 3.1.3 Briefly describe FIVE economical characteristics of land. (5) IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 8 of 12 3.2 The advert below appeared in a newspaper under the heading: Vacancies/ Employment offered. Farm manager and farm worker required for a progressive beef breeding farm and feedlot (two posts vacant). Apply by sending your CV to the owner at JoeBloggs@bloggsbeef.co.za. Competitive salaries and other benefits are offered. The owner compiled the following brief summaries of the CVs from applicants: Candidate A Candidate B Computer literate, experience in 10 years' experience working with export marketing, financial sheep, cattle, horses, poultry and experience and has been a farm maize on different farms. Tractor manager. Hard-working, self- operator and completed a basic motivated with good organisational course on maintenance of farm skills. Agricultural degree in equipment. financial and business planning. 3.2.1 A panel was appointed to interview the candidates for each position. The following grid was provided to evaluate all the candidates that were selected for the interview. Evaluate EACH of the candidates mentioned above using the following grid. Adopt the following rating: 3 = good; 2 = fair; 1 = weak Qualification Management Technical Candidates level skills skills Candidate A Candidate B (6) 3.2.2 Identify a candidate based on the evaluation in Question 3.2.1 that would be most suitable for each of the following positions on the farm and motivate for your choice in each case. (a) Farm manager (2) (b) Farm worker (2) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 9 of 12 3.3 Refer to the income statement below to answer the questions that follow. Farm income Rand Farm expenditure Rand Beef sales 85 000 Electricity and water 10 200 Dry beans 15 000 Bank charges 1 440 Maize sales 34 050 Marketing costs 19 283 Feed 26 420 Seed and seedlings 1 980 Telephone 2 520 Rent paid 4 000 Contractor costs 1 500 Livestock purchased 7 500 Fertiliser and lime 12 370 Weedicides and pesticides 15 000 Hired transport 2 000 Labour costs (wages) 55 400 Fuel, oil and grease 29 376 Insurance and licenses 10 560 Repairs and fixed improvements 1 900 Other crop costs 297 Total income 134 050 Total expenditure 201 746 3.3.1 Overheads are general expenses and not related to one enterprise in particular. Fixed costs do not vary with the level of production, but variable costs are affected by the level of production. Choose ONE example of each of the following cost items from the table above and explain your choice: (a) Overheads (2) (b) Variable costs (2) (c) Fixed costs (2) 3.3.2 The income statement shows that labour is the largest expense of this farming enterprise. Suggest TWO ways to reduce this expense. (2) 3.4 State FOUR ways by which the farm manager can improve the living conditions of the workers. (4) [35] IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 10 of 12 QUESTION 4 BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 The plant breeder conducted research work with two Bt maize cultivars to determine the lysine content of the seeds in the F1 generation. The gene (A) for high lysine is dominant over the recessive gene (a) for low lysine content. The Bt maize cultivar with heterozygous high lysine content (Aa) was cross-pollinated with the Bt maize cultivar that had a low lysine content (aa) and the F1 generation has 50% maize seeds with low lysine content. 4.1.1 Use the Punnett square to show the crossing of the two cultivars. (4) 4.1.2 Define the following genetic terms: (a) Genotype (2) (b) Phenotype (3) (c) Recessive gene (2) 4.1.3 Apart from the lysine content mentioned above, name FOUR other characteristics of genetically modified maize that would make the plant hardier and better able to survive in harsh production environments. (4) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 11 of 12 4.2 The blue lily (Agapanthus africanus) is an annual and ornamental plant that has two species that bear either blue (B) or white (b) flowers. The following schematic representation shows the crossing from P1 to F2: 4.2.1 Identify the genotypes represented by labels (i) to (ix). (9) 4.2.2 Identify the genotypic ratio as a percentage of each genotype in the F1 generation above. (2) 4.2.3 Determine the genotypic ratio as percentages of each genotype in the F2 generation above. (3) 4.2.4 Indicate the percentage of white flowers in the F2 generation. (1) IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 12 of 12 4.3 Indigenous cattle breed of South Africa The Nguni Innovation Project launched in 2004 in the different provinces will reintroduce the Nguni cattle to emerging livestock farmers. These animals can survive in our country because they are resistant to a number of diseases, parasites and extreme heat conditions. 4.3.1 Deduce a reason from the passage above suggesting that Nguni cattle are indigenous. (1) 4.3.2 Name FOUR qualities of Nguni cattle that make it possible for them to survive in the climatic conditions of South Africa. (4) [35] 105 marks Total: 150 marks IEB Copyright © 2017