Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 IEB Paper 1 2017 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Time: 2½ hours 150 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 12 pages and an Answer Sheet of 2 pages (i–ii). Please ensure that your examination number is completed in the space provided on the Answer Sheet and that it is handed in with your Answer Book at the end of the examination. 2. This question paper is made up of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. 3. This question paper consists of FOUR questions. 4. Question 1 must be answered on the Answer Sheet provided. Questions 2, 3, and 4 must be answered in your Answer Book. 5. Read the questions carefully. 6. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 7. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 8. Use the total marks that can be awarded for each of Questions 1, 2, 3 and 4 as an indication of the detail required. 9. Non-programmable calculators may be used. 10. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 2 of 12 SECTION A QUESTION 1 Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet provided. 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and make a cross (X) in the block (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) on the attached Answer Sheet. NO marks will be awarded if more than one cross (X) appears for the answer. EXAMPLE 1.1.11 A B C D 1.1.1 One of the following is the correct order of the various structures in the digestive tract of a chicken. A Proventriculus; Crop; Duodenum; Gizzard B Crop; Proventriculus; Gizzard; Duodenum C Crop; Duodenum; Gizzard; Proventriculus D Proventriculus; Crop; Gizzard; Duodenum 1.1.2 The two devices used to synchronise ewes in a breeding program. (i) Oestrogen sponge (ii) Progesterone sponge (iii) FSH implant (iv) CIDRTM A (i) and (ii) B (i) and (iii) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) 1.1.3 A large number of animals in a small area is a good example of … A an intensive production system. B a semi-intensive production system. C an extensive production system. D a semi-extensive production system 1.1.4 Coprophagy or ingesting of faeces is practised by … A ruminants. B hind-gut fermenters. C chickens. D monogastrics. IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 3 of 12 1.1.5 A steer enters the feedlot at 224 kg and after being fed for 110 days, the steer leaves the feedlot at 532 kg. The average daily gain of this steer is … A 1,7 kg per day. B 2,0 kg per day. C 2,8 kg per day. D 3,0 kg per day. 1.1.6 The average gestation period of a ewe is … A 147 days. B 152 days. C 156 days. D 160 days. 1.1.7 Artificial insemination has become the norm in the dairy industry of South Africa largely for the following reasons: (i) Availability of international genetics (ii) Crossbreeding purposes (iii) Rapid genetic progress (iv) Prevention of inbreeding A (ii) and (iii) B (i), (ii) and (iii) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D All of the above 1.1.8 Vaccination in cattle is a method commonly used to … A treat illness. B prevent disease. C control ticks. D control internal parasites. 1.1.9 Chewing the cud by animals with complex stomachs is also known as … A regurgitation. B peristalsis. C rumination. D none of the above. 1.1.10 Eragrostis hay in animal feeds is a source of … A roughage. B carbohydrate. C energy. D protein. (20) IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 4 of 12 1.2 In the table below, a description and TWO possible answers are given. Decide whether the description in COLUMN Y relates to A only, B only, both A and B, or none of the answers in COLUMN X and make a cross (X) in the appropriate block next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) on the attached Answer Sheet. EXAMPLE COLUMN X COLUMN Y 1.2.6 A Maize meal An example of a concentrate that B Bone meal is rich in protein. ANSWER 1.2.6 A only B only A and B None COLUMN X COLUMN Y 1.2.1 A Light-tight house A form of poultry house that is B Open-sided house environmentally controlled. 1.2.2 A Infundibulum The portion of the reproductive tract B Cervix that catches the ovum. 1.2.3 A Metabolic energy The portion of gross energy that is B Net energy used for work, growth and fattening. 1.2.4 A Mechanical The type of digestion carried out by B Chemical bacteria in the rumen. 1.2.5 A Redwater A disease caused by high worm B Gall sickness infestation in sheep. (10) 1.3 Give ONE word/term/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term/phrase next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) on the attached Answer Sheet. 1.3.1 The structure that develops on the ovary after ovulation at the position of the burst follicle. 1.3.2 The type of organism that causes foot-and-mouth disease in cattle. 1.3.3 The portion of the reproductive tract of the hen where the shell is formed around the egg. 1.3.4 Roughage with a high moisture content that is mostly used as a feed source for dairy cattle. 1.3.5 The collective name for finger-like projections in the rumen of farm animals. (10) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 5 of 12 1.4 Change the bold word(s) in each of the following statements to make the statements TRUE. Write only the correct word(s) next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) on the attached Answer Sheet. 1.4.1 Metoestrus (Metestrus) is the longest period of the oestrus cycle that allows for the development of the corpus luteum. 1.4.2 A maintenance ration is used for work, growth and fattening. 1.4.3 Mixing involves the management practice and strategy that controls the introduction and spreading of diseases through contact. 1.4.4 Toxins are chemicals produced in the animal body to provide protection from diseases. 1.4.5 Calcium is an essential mineral nutrient for the synthesis of vitamin B12 by rumen micro-organisms. (5) 45 marks IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 6 of 12 SECTION B QUESTION 2 ANIMAL NUTRITION Answer this question in your Answer Book. 2.1 The table below represents the nutritional information of Voermol's Dundee lick. MIXING INSTRUCTIONS (kg) Maintenance Lick Production 1 2 3 4 5 Voermol Dundee Lick Concentrate 400 250 300 200 250 Voermol HPC 36 – – 50 100 – Voermol Rumevite 12P – – 50 50 50 Maize Meal – 100 100 400 550 Salt 250 150 250 150 150 Total 650 500 750 900 1 000 COMPOSITION (g/kg) Crude Protein (min) 505 427 363 260 251 Urea (max) 167 136 109 60 68 Calcium (max) 3 3 19 15 14 Phosphorus (min) 1,2 1,5 9,6 9 7,8 Energy (MJ ME/kg) – – – 7,8 7,9 % Protein derived from NPN 95,3 91,5 86 66,9 77,7 RECOMMENDED INTAKE (g/animal/day) Cattle 300–470 355–470 450–600 1 550–1 750 1 520–1 750 Refer to the above and answer the following questions. 2.1.1 The THREE maintenance licks in the table above should be fed with large amounts of roughage. Provide reasons to support this statement. (8) 2.1.2 Name the maintenance lick you would recommend for lactating dairy cows. Give a reason to support your answer. (3) 2.1.3 Among the THREE maintenance licks, recommend the one you would feed to animals on poorer quality grazing. Give a reason to support your answer. (4) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 7 of 12 2.2 A researcher at an animal research station made the following observations: Observation 1: A dairy cow took in 25 kg of a fodder with a moisture content of 12%. This cow then excreted 10 kg of manure with a moisture content of 25%. Observation 2: The dairy cow needed a concentrate with a digestible protein (DP) content of 18% (feed requirement for this dairy cow). Two feeds are available, Feed A (with a DP value of 24%) and Feed B (with a DP value of 6%). 2.2.1 Calculate the digestibility coefficient of the fodder in Observation 1 above. Show ALL your calculations. (5) 2.2.2 Use the Pearson square to calculate the ratio in which Feed A and Feed B need to be mixed to get to the required DP value as indicated in Observation 2 above. (5) 2.3 The table below gives the nutritional information of selected feeds. Feed Crude Protein (%) TDN (%) Lucerne hay 25 62 Maize meal 9,5 80 Silage 7,5 75 2.3.1 Calculate the nutritive ratio (NR) for lucerne hay. Show ALL your calculations. (3) 2.3.2 Classify the scale of NR value of lucerne hay calculated in the previous question. (1) 2.3.3 Justify the suitability of lucerne hay for the fattening of matured animals by referring to the data above. (2) 2.4 State TWO functions of each of the following vitamins: 2.4.1 Vitamin A (2) 2.4.2 Vitamin D (2) [35] IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 8 of 12 QUESTION 3 ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the major diseases affecting the South African animal product export market. The outbreak of this disease costs the agricultural sector millions of rands. As such, the disease is very closely monitored and controlled by farmers and government alike. 3.1.1 Describe TWO control measures to prevent the spread of this disease. (2) 3.1.2 Indicate THREE main types of livestock affected by foot-and-mouth disease. (3) 3.1.3 Describe THREE symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease. (3) IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 9 of 12 3.2 Refer to the photographs below and answer the questions that follow. [Photograph by examiner, 2009] [Photograph by examiner, 2009] 3.2.1 Identify the production system seen in the pictures above. (1) 3.2.2 Identify THREE biosecurity measures used by this farmer. (3) 3.2.3 Classify the labour intensity of the operation illustrated in the photographs. Justify your answer by making reference to the pictures above. (3) 3.2.4 The photographs shown above were taken later in the production cycle of these chickens. (a) Looking at the house in the photographs above, suggest a potential problem the farmer may have experienced early in the production cycle. (1) (b) Provide a solution which the farmer used to overcome this problem. (1) IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 10 of 12 3.3 Research into some of South Africa's indigenous sheep breeds has revealed that the sheep have lean meat, with fat concentrated in certain parts of the body. This has adapted the breeds to the harsh South African conditions with the localised fat helping the sheep to regulate their body temperature in hot climatic conditions. In more modern breeds however selection has taken place for a more even fat distribution. This has led to an improvement in the carcass quality of some of the modern breeds. The table below represents the change in body fat concentration in the hindquarter of mutton sheep in South Africa in the last 50 years. Year Body fat concentration (Hindquarter) (g/100 g) 1960 30 1970 25 1980 20 1990 15 2000 10 2010 5 3.3.1 (a) Name TWO breeds of sheep that are indigenous to South Africa. (2) (b) Name TWO modern breeds of sheep that contain indigenous sheep genetics. (2) 3.3.2 Explain TWO reasons why animal breeders aim to produce meat with more even fat distribution. (2) 3.3.3 Draw a line graph of the total fat content measured over the 50-year period using the table above. (6) 3.3.4 Describe the trend in fat distribution over the 50-year period evident from the graph. (2) 3.4 Describe FOUR attributes that a well-designed cattle-handling facility should have. (4) [35] IEB Copyright © 2017

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 11 of 12 QUESTION 4 ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 The diagrams below indicate morphological abnormalities of sperm cells that play an important role in normal animal reproduction. 4.1.1 Identify the part labelled 2 in structure A. (1) 4.1.2 Select the normal structure of a sperm cell from A to H. (1) 4.1.3 Give the number of the section of the sperm that would be responsible for the following: (a) Movement (1) (b) Carrier of genetic information (1) 4.1.4 Name the organ where the structures illustrated in the diagram above are formed. (1) 4.2 Describe FIVE signs of oestrus in cattle. (5) IEB Copyright © 2017 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: PAPER I Page 12 of 12 4.3 Copy the following table into your Answer Book and fill in the blanks. Testosterone has been done for you as an example. Where it is Where is Hormone Function produced feedback to − Development of testes and penis Testosterone Testes − Sperm production Pituitary gland − Secondary sexual characteristics Follicle- Stimulating Hormone Progesterone (8) 4.4 Discuss the effect the following would have on a bull's fertility. 4.4.1 Heat stress (2) 4.4.2 The use of a burdizzo (2) 4.4.3 Poor nutrition (2) 4.4.4 A bull—cow ratio of 1 : 60 (2) 4.5 Label the parts of the bovine reproductive tract in the diagram below. In your Answer Book list the letters and give the name next to each. (9) [35] 105 marks Total: 150 marks IEB Copyright © 2017