Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC Supplementary 2015 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2015 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1.1 QUESTION 1.3 1.1.1 A 1.1.2 B 1.3.1 Entrepreneurs 1.1.3 D 1.3.2 Productivity/effectiveness  1.1.4 C 1.3.3 Diversification  1.1.5 B 1.3.4 Di-hybridism  1.1.6 D 1.3.5 Genetic modification/ manipulation/engineering  1.1.7 C (5 x 2) (10) 1.1.8 A 1.1.9 A 1.1.10 D (10 x 2) (20) QUESTION 1.2 QUESTION 1.4 1.2.1 E  1.4.1 Segmentation  1.2.2 D  1.4.2 Marketing chain  1.2.3 A  1.4.3 Perishability  1.2.4 G  1.4.4 Depreciation  1.2.5 C  1.4.5 Prepotency  (5 x 2) (10) (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 3 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 Marketing outlets 2.1.1 Marketing outlets illustrated in A and B A -Farm gate/stall B -Auction (2) 2.1.2 The letter of the marketing outlet to which each of the following statements refer (a) Products are sold at lower price A (b) It is easily accessible to small-scale farmers A (c) Price can be higher than expected B (d) Marketing costs are reduced A (4) 2.1.3 The marketing system represented by A and B • Free marketing (1) Reason – Produce sold directly to consumers (1) 2.2 Emerging farmer 2.2.1 TWO entrepreneurial skills • Innovative  • Creative  (2) 2.2.2 Justification • Innovative: realisation of youth unemployment by the farmer/ potential of the area to start a business • Creative – started a small scale factory (2) 2.2.3 TWO possible advantages of securing a contract • Protection against price fluctuation • Guaranteed market • Eliminating/cutting out the middleman/intermediary/agent (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 4 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 2.2.4 Source identified by the farmer (a) Availability of peaches/good supply of peaches (1) (b) Unemployed youth (1) (c) Adequate infrastructure (1) 2.2.5 Statement implying that the enterprise was a success • Production rose from 100 bottles to 1500 bottles per day • Secured a contract with local wholesalers  (Any 1) (1) 2.3 Supply and demand of apples 2.3.1 Graph on the supply and demand of apples Demand and supply of apples at different prices 25 Price/2kg (Rand) 20 15 10 Supply per week 5 Demand per week 0 0 500 1000 1500 Quantities (kg) Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines • Correct heading  • X-axis – correct calibrations and labelled (Price)  • Y-axis – correct calibrations and labelled (Quantity) • Units. (Rand and kg)  • Accuracy/correct plotting  • Line graph  (6) 2.3.2 Equilibrium price of apples • R14.00  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 5 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 2.3.3 Deduction on availability and price of apples • Demand doubles at price R18.00: 580 x 2 = 1160 • Supply increases by 20%: 20 x 950 = 190 100 • 190 + 950 = 1140  • There will be shortage of apples/demand outstrips supply • The price will increase (5) 2.4 Marketing channels. 2.4.1 Most sustainable market for the mutton from the list provided • Large supermarket chains (1) 2.4.2 TWO reasons to support answer in QUESTION 2.4.1 • Supply to large supermarkets is guaranteed • There is more profit (2) 2.4.3 Market that holds the highest security risk • Local people who buy directly from the farm (1) 2.4.4 Justification • No guarantee of demand  (1) [35] QUESTION3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 Labour management 3.1.1 TWO Tasks per labour (a) Permanent • Inspection of watering points • Feeding of stud rams • Dosing of sheep • Counting of sheep and records (Any 2) (2) (b) Temporary • Shearing of sheep • Upgrading of dams and watering troughs (2) 3.1.2 ONE task that needs computer skills • Feeding of stud rams • Dosing of sheep • Counting of sheep and records (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 6 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 3.1.3 The most non-repetitive task performed by the labourers • Upgrading of dams and watering troughs (1) 3.2 Labour contract 3.2.1 ONE statement addressing a Labour Act. (a) Occupational Health and Safety • Supply of protective clothing (1) (b) Basic Conditions of Employment Act. • Working hours • Conditions for termination • Wages and salaries (Any 1) (1) (c) Labour Relations Act. • Contributions towards Unemployment Insurance Fund/ UIF • Affiliation to trade unions and right to strike (Any 1) (1) 3.2.2 TWO benefits of UIF to farm workers • Payment of farm workers when out of work • Payment of female farm workers while on maternity leave (2) 3.3 Land as a production factor 3.3.1 Economic characteristics A – Agricultural land is limited (1) Justification Good agricultural soil used for non-agricultural purposes (1) 3.3.2 TWO ways through which the economic characteristic impacts on the productivity of the land • Reduction of land due to the growing population  • poses a pressure to produce more  • and that results to overutilization which in the long run will have a detrimental effect on productivity  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 3.3.3 TWO ways to increase the productivity of land • Adapting to scientific methods • Irrigation • Consolidating uneconomic farm units (Any 2) (2) 3.4 Capital as a production factor 3.4.1 Types of capital Example Source of capital Fixed Dam/ irrigation Loan  system/land Movable Cattle/bakkies Inheritance • One mark for redrawing the table (7) 3.4.2 Problems associated with capital (a) Buying three bakkies instead of one Over-capitalisation (1) (b) Loan through a financial institution which will be paid over a ten year period • High interest rate (1) (c) Investing money on product which could be lost due to natural disasters High risk factor (1) 3.5 Strategic farming management 3.5.1 Steps in strategic management A - vision  B - goal  C - mission D - objective (4) 3.5.2 THREE benefits of the programme • Improved food security • Improved welfare and livelihood/better living standards • Skills development (3) 3.5.3 ONE skill to anticipate and deal with challenges • Problem solving skill (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 4.1 Genetic crossing 4.1.1 The genetic crossing R R X r r  Rr Rr Rr Rr or ♂  Use of square ♀ r r R Rr Rr Rr Rr R (4) 4.1.2 Calculate the percentage of the black offspring • 4 x 100 4 • = 100% (3) 4.1.3 The number of the offspring with a homozygous gene pair • 0/zero/nil/none (1) 4.1.4 Probability to have a red calf • RR  (1) 4.2 Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) 4.2.1 Calculation of EBV/ the genetic gain EBV = (Animal Weight – Average Herd Weight) x heritability  52,5 kg – 47,5 kg) = 5,0 kg  5,0 kg x 85= 4,3 kg  100 EBV = + 4,3 kg or 4,3 kg  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 4.2.2 The implication of the value • Offspring will have a slaughter weight of 51,8 kg • The offspring will be 4,3 kg heavier than the flock average (2) 4.3 Plant improvement 4.3.1 Identification of the process illustrated above • Genetic modification/GM/manipulation/engineering (1) 4.3.2 TWO main potential risks of GMO • Food safety • Environmental issues • Socio-economic effects  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 The organism labelled C Transgenic/GMO (1) 4.3.4 THREE Characteristics of genetically modified crop • Herbicide resistance • Insect resistance • Resistance to harsh environmental conditions • Improved nutritional value/starch/vitamins • Modified/improved quality (Any 3) (3) 4.4 Variation 4.4.1 Importance of variation • Brings about new cultivars  • with improved characteristics  (2) 4.4.2 TWO genetic causes of variation • Mutation  • Recombination of genes  • Crossing over of chromosomes/meiosis  (Any 2) (2) 4.4.3 Types of variation • Continuous variation - complete range of characteristics from one extreme to another • Discontinuous variation - has a few clear-cut or distinct forms with no intermediate forms in between (2) 4.4.4 Selection • Process of choosing individuals • with desirable characteristics for breeding purpose (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 10 DBE/Feb.–Mar.2015 NSC – Memorandum 4.5 Animal breeding 4.5.1 Identification of the breeding method • Crossbreeding (1) 4.5.2 THREE benefits to farmer B • New breeds developed • Animals will adapt better in varying conditions/better vitality • Animals will be more resistant to diseases • High mass gain in relation to food intake • Leads to heterosis/hybrid vigour (Any 3) (3) 4.5.3 A possible advantage of this breeding method to Farmer A • Making money by selling bulls/sells to farmer B (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved