Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2013 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Province of the EASTERN CAPE EDUCATION NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2013 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 9 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) ANSWER SHEET: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 SECTION A QUESTION 1.1 QUESTION 1.2 1.1.1 A B C D BOTH A and B 1.1.2 A B C D ONLY A ONLY B None 1.1.3 A B C D 1.1.4 A B C D 1.1.5 A B C D 1.1.6 A B C D 1.2.1 A B C D 1.1.7 A B C D 1.2.2 A B C D 1.1.8 A B C D 1.2.3 A B C D 1.1.9 A B C D 1.2.4 A B C D 1.1.10 A B C D 1.2.5 A B C D (10 x 2) (20) (5 x 2) (10) QUESTION 1.3 QUESTION 1.4 1.3.1 Fallopian tube/Ampulla √√ 1.4.1 Non-contagious √ 1.3.2 Commercial farming √√ 1.4.2 Freemartin/Queen √ Quarantine service/ 1.3.3 1.4.3 Cobalt √ Quarantine √√ 1.3.4 Vitamin K √√ 1.4.4 Protein √ 1.3.5 Mastitis √√ 1.4.5 5 °C √ (5 x 2) (10) (5 x 1) (5) 45

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 2.1.1 Pig √ (1) 2.1.2 The animal has one simple stomach. √√ The animal is monogastric. √√ The animal has the part labelled B. √√ (Any 1) (2) 2.1.3 A = Bile √ B = Gastric juice √ C = Succus Intericus/Intestinal juice √ (3) 2.1.4 The pH value is always in the alkaline medium. √ (1) 2.2 2.2.1 Peristalsis/Peristaltic movement √ (1) 2.2.2 This is the wave of contraction and the relaxation √ of the circular muscles of the oesophagus through which the bolus moves to the stomach. √ (2) 2.2.3 Retro-peristalsis/Vomiting √ (1) 2.3 2.3.1 Carcass meal √ It has the highest protein content which is 79,4%. √ (2) 2.3.2 Maize meal contains more carbohydrates √ which is a source of energy and easily digested √ (2) 2.3.3 Carcass meal √ Groundnuts oilcake meal √ (2) 2.3.4 Juicy/Succulent roughage √ (1) 2.3.5  Ruminants are able to chew the cud/Ruminating/able to swallow food and take it back again to the mouth cavity for regurgitating.√√  Ruminants are able to break down cellulose through fermentation that takes place in rumen. √√  There are certain bacteria or micro-organisms present in the reticulo-rumen that secrete the enzyme cellulase that digests cellulose. √√ (Any 1) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 2.4 2.4.1 Moisture content of the hay = 20% of 30 kg = 6 kg √ Moisture content of manure= 40% of 14 kg = 5,6 kg √ 100 √ 1 30 6 14 5,6 100 30 6 1 15,6 100 24 1 65%√ (Any 4) (4) 2.4.2 Small intestines √ (1) 2.5 2.5.1 PEARSON SQUARE METHOD: FEED A = 24% (31 – 17) = 14 √ 17% √ FEED B = 31% (24 – 17) = 7 √ The ratio for feed A and feed B is 14:7 or 2: 1 √ (4) 2.5.2 FEED B PERCENTAGE: 14 + 7 = 21 √ = 100 √ = 33,3% √ (Any 2) (2) 2.6 2.6.1 Biological value of feed: Proteins from animal origin possess more of the essential amino acids √ and can be used by animals to synthesise proteins for their own bodies or growth. √ (2) 2.6.2 o Repair worn out tissues √ o Synthesis of amino acids √ o Synthesis of hormones and enzymes √ o Permits muscle contraction √ o Proteins are antibodies therefore prevent the body from the foreign diseases √ o Proteins act as cell membrane in most animals √ (Any 2) (2) [35]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION 3.1 3.1.1 Farmer A √ Because the farmer is using limited resources in the kraal/use of hands for milking. √ (2) 3.1.2  Nose plier √  Head gate/clamp √  Squeeze chute √  Whip √  Electric prodder √  Halter √  Strong rope √  Crush √ (Any relevant handling equipment) (Any 2) (2) 3.1.3 Production at the level that produces the largest income but is not necessarily the highest yield. √√ (2) 3.1.4 Colostrum/Beestings √ (1) 3.1.5 Too cold and too hot temperatures reduce feed intake √ in animals which will disturb the metabolic rate resulting in lower body mass. √ (2) 3.2 3.2.1  Driver must carry a travelling permit for the load √  Red flag must appear at the back of the truck √  Age/sex must be considered √  Sick and pregnant animals must not be transported √  Avoid slippery vehicle load section √  Big well ventilated trucks must be used √  Animals must be fed well a day before the journey √ (Any 2) (2) 3.2.2 Permit sample: Transportation permit for Livestock √ Sold by: (Farmer/Owner) √ Contact No: (Owner) √ Type of Livestock: √ Number bought: √ Destination: From: √ To: Signature: √ Date: Bought by: √ Stamp√ The permit should include the items above and any other relevant items. (Any 4 of the contents above) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 3.3 3.3.1 Cattle farming enterprise √ Picture A enterprise √ Exposed to the extreme climatic conditions as there is no shelter visible. √ (2) 3.3.2 Intensive farming. √ Pigs are kept in an enclosure or feedlots√./For careful breeding to convert feed more efficiently. √ (2) 3.3.3 INTENSIVE FARMING EXTENSIVE FARMING Less energy used More energy used√ Animals are in enclosure Out of enclosure/Animals are moving freely√ Kept in feedlots Search for food for themselves√ High quality carcass Low quality carcass√ More production per unit Low production per unit √ Less exposed to diseases More exposed to diseases√ (Any 2) (2) 3.4 3.4.1 Criteria to mark: Bar graph 1 0 X axis labelled 1 0 Y axis labelled 1 0 Correct plotting/Accuracy 1 0 Correct heading 1 0 Units indicated on both axis/Scale 1 0 (Any 5) (5) 3.4.2 √ 500 550 520 490 460 430 300 280 260 √ 9 3790 9 421,1 √ (3)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.5  Aggressiveness/tameness √  Type √  Breed √  Age √  Physiological state √  Health status √ (Any 2) (2) 3.6 3.6.1 Tattoo √ (1) 3.6.2 Castration √ (1) 3.6.3 Docking √ (1) 3.6.4 Dosing √ (1) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 4.1 4.1.1 Diagram A = Spermatogenesis √ Diagram B = Oogenesis √ (2) 4.1.2 A = Male in testes √ B = Female in ovaries √ (2) 4.1.3 DIAGRAM A DIAGRAM B Hypoplasia √ Anovulation √ Sperm defects √ Freemartins √ Cryptorchidism √ Double cervix canal √ Anoestrus √ (Any 2) (2) 4.1.4 Meiosis √ (1) 4.1.5 Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Continuous production although Using up the oocytes generated from puberty to old age the sperm before birth. √ cells are constantly being generated. √ The production is subject to the Continuous decrease of oocytes extreme fluctuations regarding beginning with the foetal period. √ both quality and quantity. √ Meiotic output four functioning, Meiotic output one large, immotile small, motile spermatozoa at the oocytes and three shrivelled polar end of meiosis. √ bodies are left at the end of meiosis. √ (Any 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 4.2 4.2.1 Ovum phase Embryonic phase Foetal phase Fertilised ova travel to Tissues, organs and Embryonic organs the fallopian tube. √ systems begin to which have completed develop. √ their differentiation, develop and grow. √ OR Starts to divide by A sac made of the The embryo has mitosis. √ three membranes i.e. developed into a amnion/chorion and foetus. √ allantoise developed around the embryo. √ OR The ball of the cell Placenta also The mother’s body called blastula is formed. √ prepares itself for the attaching its self to feeding of the the endometrium. √ offspring. √ (Any 3) (3) 4.2.2  She stops eating and walks around. √  Makes a bellowing noise. √  She urinates and defecates frequently. √  She isolates herself from the other cows. √  Ligaments of the tail, pelvis, vagina and the cervix relax. √  Vulva enlarges and become softer. √  Strings of mucus hang out of the vagina. √  The teats are painfully swollen and often leaks milk. √ (Any 3) (3) 4.2.3 Identical twins: refer to a situation when one sperm cell fertilise one egg cell into two halves which will look alike. √√ Fraternal twins: refer to a situation when two different sperm cells fertilise two different egg cells at the same time leading to the offspring which will not look alike. √√ (4) 4.3 4.3.1 Spring √ Pre-starting of the summer season. Grass is green and accommodating good environment for the parasites √ to multiply themselves/wetness/rising temperature/rainfall. √ (3) 4.3.2  Using medication/drenching/dosing/injection/lick block with worm remedies. √  Removing water around drinking troughs of animals/rotational grazing/avoid wet places. √  Using indigenous medication. √  Extermination of water snails with copper sulphate. √ (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 Winter √ (1) 4.3.4  Weakening animals √  Develop bloated bellies√  Animals grow badly and suffer from diarrhoea√  Serious loss of blood √ (Any 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 4.4 4.4.1 External parasites √  Damaging the skin √  Affect teats of the udder √  Live outside the animal’s body √ (Any 1) (2) 4.4.2  Dipping in water with chemicals that can detach the ticks √  Spraying with strong chemicals that can cause the ticks to fall down √  Vaccination of animals so that the ticks’ systems cannot tolerate it √  Biological control by the use of birds to control ticks √ (Any 1) (1) 4.4.3 Gall sickness/Red water √ (Any 1) (1) 4.5 4.5.1 A = Sheep sneezes and the larvae enter into the blood stream which will be circulated up to the lungs √ B = Cysts are eaten by the animal and developed into flukes √ C = Eggs from the snail developed into adult flukes √ F = Fluke eggs released through the faeces √ (4) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150