Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2014 Memo (English)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2014 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 225 This memorandum consists of 18 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 Cumulonimbus (Cb) (1) 1.1.2 Eye/Eye of the storm (1) 1.1.3 Low (1) 1.1.4 From east to west/Westwards/Westerly direction (1) 1.1.5 Heavy rainfall/Thunderstorms/Hail/Torrential rainfall (1) 1.1.6 Subsiding/Descending/Sinking air movement/downwards (1) 1.1.7 Diverging (1) 1.1.8 Dissipating/Degenerating/Decaying/Dying out (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 Dendritic (1) 1.2.2 Acute angles/Small angles/Mention any angle less than 90° (1) 1.2.3 Uniform (1) 1.2.4 Erosion (1) 1.2.5 Stream Order 2 (1) 1.2.6 Interfluve (1) 1.2.7 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 Air temperature INCREASES with an INCREASE in altitude (height) (1) WARM air is found above the COLD air in the valley (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Katabatic wind/Downslope wind/Gravity winds (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 After sunset, the valley slopes cool down through terrestrial radiation throughout the night (2) Air in contact with the valley slopes cools down (2) Cold air sinks under the influence of the force of gravity (2) Cold heavy dense air will sink (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Cool air subsides to the valley floor (2) Warm air that rises is cooled down to dew point temperature (2) Air at the bottom of the valley condenses (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 3 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 1.3.5 Impact on Farming Katabatic wind at night causes cold air to move down slope, causing a frost pocket to develop in the valley (2) Frost resistant crops are grown on the valley floor (2) The cold conditions and FROST kill pests (2) Cold conditions suits the growing conditions of these crops (2) The crops that are not frost resistant cannot be planted on the valley floor/ die (2) Acid rain can damage crops (2) Impact on Settlements Valley floor is cold and damp and therefore not suitable for settlement development (2) Smog (pollution) is trapped by the descending colder air (2) This leads to respiratory problems (such as asthma) (2) Visibility is reduced (2) The rate of accidents increase (2) Acid rain can damage buildings (2) [ANY FOUR. MUST REFER TO BOTH ASPECTS. CAN INCLUDE POSITIVE ASPECTS. ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (4 x 2) (8) 1.4 1.4.1 Kalahari High Pressure/Continental High Pressure (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Winter (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 The dominance of the (Kalahari/Continental) High Pressure over the interior of the subcontinent, during winter (2) A low pressure cell (coastal low/mid-latitude cyclone) along the southern or eastern coast (2) Wind that moves down slope as a result of pressure gradient along the escarpment (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.4 Air subsiding down the escarpment heats up at the DALR (2) 1°C temperature increases per 100 m of descent (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 Clear skies at C are as a result of moisture evaporating when air warms up adiabatically (through compression) (2) 16ºC/Large difference between air temperature and dew point temperature, therefore air is dry (2) Relative humidity is low (2) Stable conditions are experienced due to subsiding air (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.6 During Winter the vegetation is dry (2) Berg winds are warm, dry winds (2) Veld fires can easily be sparked (2) Strong winds fan these fires (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 4 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 1.5 1.5.1 Shows the side view of a river from its source to its mouth (1) It is the changing gradient of a river from its source to its mouth (1) It is the representation of the gradient down which a river flows (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Waterfall (1) rapid (1) hard rocks (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3   (for shape of profile)  Must be a graded profile with correct labels. Award 1 mark for shape only (1 x 3) (3) 1.5.4 Almost smooth river bed (2) Concave shaped profile (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 Processes that the river profile must undergo to be graded Downward erosion must increase in the upper and middle course (2) The upper course must assume a steeper slope (2) In the upper course discharge must increase and overcome friction (2) Headward erosion must increase to remove temporary base levels of erosion (2) Retreat of waterfalls to remove temporary base levels of erosion (2) Flattening of rapids remove temporary base levels of erosion (2) Filling in of lakes remove temporary base levels of erosion (2) Stream carrying capacity must increase to carry additional stream load (eroded particles) (2) Gradient in the lower course must decrease in order for carrying capacity to decrease (2) In the lower course the stream discharge must be reduced (2) Deposition occurs in the lower course lowering the gradient (2) The river now assumes a steep gradient in the upper course and a gentle gradient in the lower course (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 5 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 1.6 1.6.1 Flood plain (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.2 The gradient is more gradual/reduced velocity of the water in the river (2) Shallow river channel makes it easier for the river to burst its banks (2) The volume of water increases in the lower course of the river (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.3 Levée (2) Raised embankment (2) Raised river bank (2) Natural dyke (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.4 When a river overflows its banks (floods) (2) Heavy material is deposited on the river banks (2) Successive flooding results in this feature increasing in height (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.5 Damage to crops from flooding (2) Loss of fertile soil through soil erosion (2) Oversaturated soil (2) Swamp conditions start to develop (2) No longer suitable for original crops that were grown (2) Loss of income (2) Small scale and/or subsistence farmers will have no food (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 6 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 Clockwise (1) 2.1.2 Converges (1) 2.1.3 Lower (1) 2.1.4 Fog (1) 2.1.5 Lower (1) 2.1.6 A (1) 2.1.7 Q (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2. 2.2.1 Laminar (1) 2.2.2 Turbulent (1) 2.2.3 Turbulent (1) 2.2.4 Turbulent (1) 2.2.5 Laminar (1) 2.2.6 Laminar (1) 2.2.7 Turbulent (1) 2.2.8 Laminar (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 Cyclone family (1) Family of depressions (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 (a)    showers  warm air/sector  cold air/sector  for shape of front [ANY FOUR] (4 x 1) (4) (b) Decrease in temperature (2) Change in the wind direction (backing) (2) Heavy rainfall with thunder and lightning (2) Increase in air pressure (2) Increase in cloud cover (cumulonimbus clouds) (2) Increase in wind speed (2) Decrease in humidity (2) Possibility of snowfall (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 7 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 2.3.3 Weather conditions and reasons Air temperature: 27°C (2) Cold air descending from the high pressure warms adiabatically to create a high temperature on the surface (2) Dew point temperature: -12°C (2) Dry area/winter therefore less evaporation (2) Subsiding air reduces humidity (2) Wind direction: NW/WNW (2) Air diverging in an anticlockwise direction around the high pressure (2) Wind speed: 5 knots (2) Gentle pressure gradient (the isobars are far apart) (2) Cloud cover: (1/8) (2) Very little cloud cover as the area is dry and had low levels of moisture (2) Subsiding air heats up and does not condense (2) Low relative humidity (2) Precipitation No precipitation (2) Subsiding air does not condense (2) Limited cloud cover (2) Large difference between air temperature and dew point temperature (2) [ANY TWO WEATHER CONDITIONS AND REASONS] (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 Isotherms (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Warmer/ Higher in the CBD (2) Cooler/ Lower in the rural area (2) Between 8ºC and 12ºC (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 Larger surface area that can be heated (2) Heat trapped between buildings due to high building density (2) Tall buildings prevents wind from removing heat out of the city (2) Early in the morning/late afternoon sun`s rays hit buildings at 90° angle concentrating heat on the buildings (2) Material used to construct tall buildings absorb more heat (2) More heat is trapped inside the buildings (2) Air conditioning and lighting generate more heat (2) [EMPHASIS ON TALL BUILDINGS] [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 There is a cluster of high rise buildings away from the original CBD which results in an irregular shape (2) More vegetation in the surrounding rural area which lowers the temperatures as you move away from the original CBD (2) Isotherms follows the profile of the city (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 8 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 2.4.5 (a) Cities have less water bodies (dams/lakes/rivers etc.) (2) Fewer plants/vegetation in urban areas thus less evapo-transpiration (2) Water removed from cities by storm water drainage (2) Artificial surfaces drain water out of cities (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) (b) More heat in cities thus more convection which encourages the build-up of precipitation (2) More pollution in cities allows for more hygroscopic nuclei in cities (2) Higher pressure in surrounding rural areas will result in convergence of air in CBD with lower pressure (2) Large scale upliftment of warm air results in convergence thunderstorms (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) (c) Wind speed and direction affected by layout and orientation of high-rise buildings (2) Buildings can channel prevailing winds in certain directions (2) If indicated winds are stronger in the rural area, reasons must be given (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Water Resource Management: the sustainable and responsible use of water [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Mangaung (1) Bloemfontein (1) Botshabelo (1) Thaba Nchu (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Building dams (1) Water transfer (1) Water regulations (1) Water pollution (1) Water purification (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Clay soil (2) Settlement development (2) Sparse vegetation (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 9 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 2.5.5 Human interference along a river Reduces the amount of clean water available for domestic use in rural area (2) The possibility of water pollution increases/water quality decreases (2) An increase in the amount of water borne diseases e.g. cholera (2) Reduces amount of water available for crop cultivation in the lower reaches/ Food insecurity (2) Disturbance of aquatic life (2) Increase the costs of water due to higher demand (2) More controlled flooding (2) Impact negatively on their income (2) More costly to buy clean water in the informal settlement (2) Natural flow of river is reduced (2) More costly to irrigate downstream (2) Less water for recreational activities (2) Less water for industrial purposes (2) Greater reliance on groundwater (2) [ANY FOUR ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (4 x 2) (8) 2.6 2.6.1 River rejuvenation refers to the revival of the river's erosive ability/Process whereby a river has reached base level and regains energy, beginning to erode actively downwards once again (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.2 Incised meanders/entrenched meanders (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.3 Change in ultimate base level/drop in sea level (2) Isostatic uplift (2) Internal forces (faulting, folding, warping, earthquakes) or onset of ice age (2) Higher rainfall as a result of climate change, will increase the erosive potential of a river (2) Increased volume of water in the river as a result of river capture (2) Fast flowing tributary joins the main stream (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.4 The river has more energy (2) Starts to erode vertically (downwards) (2) Starts to erode vertically (downwards) (2) A meandering river cuts a deep valley into the underlying bedrock (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.5 The landscape is associated with steep valley sides/deep gorge (2) Entrenched valleys wide near the surface (2) High costs incurred during construction of roads and railways and bridges (2) Dangerous for people working on construction sites (2) Costly drawing up engineering plans (2) [ANY TWO ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 10 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 A (1) 3.1.2 B (1) 3.1.3 A (1) 3.1.4 B (1) 3.1.5 A (1) 3.1.6 B (1) 3.1.7 B (1) 3.1.8 B (1) (8 x 1) (8) 3.2 3.2.1 A (1) 3.2.2 C (1) 3.2.3 B (1) 3.2.4 A (1) 3.2.5 B (1) 3.2.6 D (1) 3.2.7 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 Informal settlement (1) Squatter settlement (1) Shanty town (1) Shacks (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Bits of wood/Planks(1) Corrugated iron/Zinc (1) Cardboard/Paper(1) Plastic (1) Mud (1) [ANY TWO. ANY OTHER] (2 x 1) (2) 3.3.3 The materials are readily/easily available (2) Easy to assemble using this material (2) Most informal dwellers cannot afford to purchase proper building materials (2) Lack of transport to transport materials (2) Easy to take down and move to a different area (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 11 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 3.3.4 Improvement of living conditions in informal settlements Provide basic services such as water/sewerage/electricity/waste disposal (2) Construct low cost (RDP) houses for the inhabitants (2) Giving informal settlers legal ownership of the land they are living on (2) Increase access to amenities (2) Improvement of transport/roads (2) Provision of employment opportunities to the people (2) Create open spaces/parks (2) Promote gardening (2) [ANY FOUR. CAN DISCUSS ONE OR MORE IN DETAIL. ACCEPT OTHER] (4 x 2) (8) 3.4 3.4.1 The poorest members of our society (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.2 Residential areas are on the outskirts of urban areas (2) Living further from work (2) Takes longer to get to work (2) Higher transport costs (2) Causes traffic congestion (2) Lack of proper public transport systems (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT ANY OTHER QUALIFIED REASONABLE ANSWER] (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.3 Increases financial burden on household budget (2) More of the budget will be used for travelling costs (2) Less money for basic necessities/examples (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.4 Build more housing nearer to people's place of work, this would reduce travelling times, costs and the carbon footprint (2) Create better quality public transport to allow people to more efficiently and more easily get to work e.g. BRT (Bus Rapid Transport) and Gautrain (2) Create more jobs in or close to densely populated, urban townships (2) Create more cycle lanes (2) Planned irregular street pattern to facilitate easier flow of traffic (2) Create flexi times (2) Ring roads (2) One way streets (2) Synchronised traffic lights (2) Bus lanes (2) Park-and-ride (2) Lift clubs (2) Bridges and flyovers (2) [ANY THREE. ACCEPT ANY OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 12 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 3.5 3.5.1 Export (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2 Primary (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.3 12,3% (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.4 Cheaper food (2) Greater variety of food (2) Development of rural areas (2) Provides raw materials for the manufacturing industry (2) Development of processing industries (2) Employment opportunities (2) Food security (2) Promotes small-scale farming (2) Promotes more exports (2) Improves the GDP/Balance of trade (2) Provides nutritious/fresh products (2) Empowerment of women in rural areas (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (2 x 2) (4) 3.5.5 New transport networks created (2) Transport networks have been improved (2) Specialised transport facilities created (2) Water irrigation schemes were developed (2) Electricity grids developed (2) Specialist harbour facilities (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.5.6 Unreliable rainfall increases the risks of soil erosion (2) Unreliable rainfall creates a risk in crop yields (2) Farmers become unreliable suppliers of food to the markets (2) Causes increased food costs (2) Increases cost of food production (2) Results in food shortages (2) Increases food imports (2) [ANY TWO ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (2 x 2) (4) 3.6 3.6.1 A Spatial Development Initiative is a programme developed by the cabinet to improve the functioning of government in certain regions of the country, especially in those regions where there is a potential for growth (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 SDIs are important because they increase the productivity and wealth of marginal areas in South Africa (2) SDIs raise the standard of living in the local area (2) SDIs help to upgrade the local infrastructure (2) Increased public and private sector investment (2) Increase employment (2) Reduce rural-urban migration (2) Foreign investment through tourism (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 13 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 3.6.3 To improve internal trade for export (2) Transportation networks improve accessibility for trade between SDIs (2) Networking (2) Movement of raw materials by road and rail (2) Movement of finished goods by road and rail (2) Accessibility to markets- virtual and actual (2) Money transfers (2) SDI`s were developed in underdeveloped areas (2) More people so a greater need for infrastructure (2) Improved technology (2) Will attract more tourists (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.6 Tourism Growth in tourism is enabled by efficient infrastructure (2) Effective transportation networks enable access to tourism destinations (2) Effective communication networks enable tourist destinations to become more accessible on the internet (2) Access to remote locations enables tourists to travel further into the SDI (2) Promoting safe travelling (2) Upliftment of Community Transportation networks improve accessibility for trade to the SDI (2) Communication networks enable growth of the SDI through technology (2) Generates economic growth where local communities are able to sell their wares (2) Generates employment opportunities in local communities (2) Enables the growth of SMME (Small Medium Micro Enterprises) (2) Upgrades local infrastructure (2) Different ethnic groups working together in the SDIs to support tourism have been united promoting more cooperation amongst them (2) Greater income for local communities (2) Money generated is used to develop community projects (2) Develop ethnic/cultural pride (2) [ANY FOUR. MUST REFER TO BOTH ASPECTS. LEARNERS CAN INCLUDE A DISCUSSION ON A SPECIFIC SDI ACCEPT OTHER] (4 x 2) (8) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 14 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 Dry Point Settlement (1) 4.1.2 Isolated/Dispersed (1) 4.1.3 Buildings are grouped together and located close to one another (1) 4.1.4 It is located next to a water source (the dam) (1) 4.1.5 Gap Town/Gateway (1) Village (1) Nucleated/compact (1) Any example of a gap town (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 4.1.6 The road network (a T-junction) (1) 4.1.7 Linear (1) (7 x 1) (7) 4.2 4.2.1 Small scale farming/communal/subsistence (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.2.2 Large-scale farming/commercial (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.2.3 (a) B (Large-scale farming/commercial) (1) (b) B (Large-scale farming/commercial) (1) (c) A (Small scale farming/communal/subsistence) (1) (d) B (Large-scale farming/commercial) (1) (e) A (Small scale farming/communal/subsistence) (1) (f) B (Large-scale farming/commercial) (1) (6 x 1) (6) 4.3 4.3.1 To get rid of the rot and grime (1) Rehabilitating buildings (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.2 Accessibility to jobs (2) Rural – Urban migration (2) The inner city is overcrowded; due to an influx of many immigrants/migrants (2) Sub-rental of rooms within apartments (2) Low rentals as a result of dilapidated nature of buildings (2) High levels of multi-occupancy in buildings (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 15 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.3.3 The city of Johannesburg suffers from water and power shortages due to the increasing population (2) Old infrastructure cannot support the growing population (2) The cost of basic services is increasing in the city – people don't pay, which causes a further decline in services (2) Illegal electricity connections compromises services (2) Demand is greater than supply (2) The lack of employment opportunities means services cannot be paid for (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER] (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.4 Open spaces/parks within the inner city that serve as green belts (2) Areas with the inner city that are not reserved for commercial development (2) [CONCEPT] [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.5 Reduces carbon dioxide(2) Reduces pollution dome (2) Supplies more oxygen to urban areas (2) Beautifies the city/aesthetic purposes (2) Clean environment attracts tourists (2) Creates recreational areas (2) Absorbs noise (2) Reduces urban heat island effect/temperatures(2) Creates habitat for other living organisms (2) Reduces urban sprawl (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 4.4 4.4.1 The movement of people from rural to urban areas (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.2 Natural disasters (floods and droughts) (2) Overgrazing, poor farming methods and soil erosion (2) Lack of jobs (2) Lack of entertainment (2) Lack of services such as electricity, housing, transport, health, education (2) Mechanisation of farms (2) Lower standard of living (2) High production costs (2) Low economic outputs (2) Crime in rural areas (2) [ANY TWO. ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 16 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.4.3 Implementation of the RDP (Programme that provides essential services to the rural areas) (2) Industrial decentralisation to provide people in the rural areas with work (2) Tourism and recreational areas to encourage people to visit and stay in rural areas (2) Basic Needs Philosophy provides rural people with their basic needs, such as water, housing, education, health, etc. (2) Implementation of GEAR (Growth, Employment, and Redistribution) in rural areas (2) Implementation of NDP (National Development Plan) Provide training courses to improve skills in farming (2) Attract retired people to live here (2) Attract commuters to live here (2) Festivals in rural towns (2) Attract people who do not want to work in an office in the city (2) [ANY ONE. ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS] (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.4 Housing People assume quality housing exists in cities (2) Local government cannot provide enough quality housing (2) Many informal settlements exist (2) Houses of inferior quality in informal settlements (2) Overcrowding in available accommodation (2) Employment opportunities People assume more employment opportunities are found in cities (2) Immigrants not qualified for existing jobs (2) Forced into the informal sector (2) Often only low income jobs available (2) Competition for jobs as a result of influx into cities (2) Forced into prostitution/crime/gangsterism (2) [ANY FOUR. ACCEPT OTHER REASONABLE ANSWERS. MUST REFER TO BOTH ASPECTS. MUST ACCEPT ANSWERS FOR TRUE FACTORS] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 17 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.5 4.5.1 Informal sector is whereby someone makes a living through an unregistered business, or who provides services without a licence (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.2 7,7% (1) (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.3 Street vending – selling vegetables (1) Flea Market – selling variety of goods (1) [ANY ONE ACCEPT OTHER RELEVANT ANSWERS TO TRADING] (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.4 Poor socio-economic status faced by most of the South Africans (2) High unemployment rate/ Retrenchments (2) Relaxed bylaws (2) Lack of skills/ School drop-outs (2) Mechanisation of farming operations and climatic hazards has caused unskilled rural people to abandon farming and join informal sector (2) Many large businesses has contributed to the growth of informal trade by sub- contracting to the informal sector (2) Immigrants are not able to find legal employment and enter into the informal trade to survive (2) [ANY ONE. ACCEPT OTHER RELEVANT ANSWERS] (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.5 They don't want to pay tax (2) They don’t want to be recognised as illegal immigrants (2) Non-compliance with regulations (2) Costly to apply for permits (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.6 Trading permits are required in order to Regulate the business (2) Allocate the businesses specific areas for trading (2) Encourage partnership between private sector and the informal trader (2) Provide infrastructure (hawker stall/carts) in areas zoned for informal trading (2) Assist small businesses to play an active role in providing training (2) Provide easier access to bank loans (2) For insurance purposes (2) Provide storage facilities (2) Contribute to the income of the city by paying taxes (2) Provide ablution facilities (2) Ensure clean/hygienic facilities (2) Statistical analysis for planning (2) Prevention of harassment by city officials/ law enforcement officials (2) [ANY FOUR. ACCEPT OTHER LOGICAL ANSWERS] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 18 DBE/November 2014 NSC – Memorandum 4.6 4.6.1 Workers need for an increase in wages/salary/conditions of service/the need for better working conditions/rivalry between two unions/deadlock between employer and employees (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.2 Falling rocks (1) Exposure to dust (1) High noise levels (1) Dangerous fumes (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 4.6.3 Fewer raw materials to be exported (2) Loss of income (2) Loss of production (2) Negative balance of trade (2) Loss of tax revenue (2) Striking employees could lose jobs resulting in unemployment (2) South Africa will attract less foreign investment thus lowering the GDP (2) The currency will be devalued thus creating economic instability (2) There will be a lack of infrastructural development which also decreases South Africa's economic growth(2) [ANY THREE ACCEPT OTHER] (3 x 2) (6) 4.6.4 Improved communication is required between mine managers and workers (2) Improved relations between mine managers and unions (2) Better working conditions for workers especially high risk employees (2) Investment in the local community especially in areas of education and social development (2) Profit sharing options to mine workers (2) Compliance to safety regulations (2) Bring about gender parity (2) Skills development and training facilities in order for miners to be skilled in their work environment (2) [ANY THREE. ACCEPT OTHER] (3 x 2) (6) [75] GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved