Gr12 History P2 (English) SEP 2022 Question Paper_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PREPARATORY EXAMINATION 2022 10792 HISTORY PAPER 2 TIME: 3 hours MARKS: 150 9 pages + an addendum of 14 pages This question paper consists of 9 pages. An addendum of 14 pages is included in the question paper. P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 2 (Paper 2) 10792/22 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document. SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA – THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s. QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA – THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. 3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions. 4. Answer THREE questions as follows: 4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question. 4.2 The THIRD question can be either a source-based question or an essay question. 5. You are advised to spend at least one hour per question. 6. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight. 7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers. 8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 9. Write neatly and legibly. P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 3 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this SECTION. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. QUESTION 1: WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES (SACC) AND LEADERS SUCH AS DESMOND TUTU IN THE FIGHT AGAINST APARTHEID IN THE 1980s? Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow. 1.1 Refer to Source 1A. 1.1.1 Define the concept Tricameral Parliament in your own words. (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.2 Mention TWO issues, according to the source, that caused the church to make its mark in the fight against apartheid. (2 x 1) (2) 1.1.3 What, according to the source, was the attitude of the church during apartheid in the: (a) 1970s? (1 x 1) (1) (b) 1980s? (1 x 1) (1) 1.1.4 What did Beyers Naudé mean with the statement, "unless new factors are going to play a role or unforeseen developments take place in the near future, we will have to prepare ourselves for a long, protracted guerrilla struggle”? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.5 Quote TWO pieces of evidence mentioned by Desmond Tutu, which suggests that black people could no longer protest peacefully. (2 x 1) (2) 1.2 Study Source 1B. 1.2.1 Comment on the reason that Desmond Tutu stated that he could ‘understand why Black Africans under oppression would resort to using violence in the struggle for freedom’. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.2 Why, according to the source, were Desmond Tutu’s non-violent sermons criticised? (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how Desmond Tutu tried to force the white government to end apartheid through communication with the outside world. (1 x 2) (2) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 4 (Paper 2) 10792/22 1.2.4 Explain why you think Archbishop Desmond Tutu diffused tension in Alexandra, at Ashley Kriel’s funeral and mediated conflict between police and protestors. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.5 Explain the concept defiance in the context of resistance to apartheid in the 1980s. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.6 Identify any TWO actions taken by the government to punish Tutu for his defiance of the government. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3 Consult Source 1C. 1.3.1 Explain the message conveyed by the photograph. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Why do you think the photograph was taken? (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Comment on the reliability of this source regarding the involvement of the South African Council of Churches in the resistance against the apartheid government. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4 Refer to Sources 1B and 1C. Explain how the evidence in Source 1C supports the information in Source 1B regarding the involvement of the South African Council of Churches in the resistance to apartheid. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5 Use Source 1D. 1.5.1 Identify from the source, TWO thrusts (driving forces) to the activities of the SACC. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.2 Use the source and your own knowledge to explain how the SACC helped in the following: (a) Skills development (1 x 2) (2) (b) Community projects (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 How do you think the SACC supported the establishment of the TRC in post-apartheid South Africa? (1 x 2) (2) 1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the role of the South African Council of Churches (SACC) and leaders such as Desmond Tutu in the fight against apartheid in the 1980s. (8) [50] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 5 (Paper 2) 10792/22 QUESTION 2: HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) ASSISTING THE FAMILY OF NOKUTHULA SIMELANE TO FIND CLOSURE? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 Read Source 2A. 2.1.1 Why, according to the source, was the TRC established? (1 x 1) (1) 2.1.2 What, according to the source, was the intention of the Human Rights Violations Committee? (1 x 1) (1) 2.1.3 Define the concept restorative justice in your own words. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.4 Why do you think the TRC focused more on restorative justice rather than retributive justice? (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.5 Quote evidence from the source that explains why the bulk of those who testified before the TRC were women. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2 Study Source 2B. 2.2.1 Give TWO pieces of evidence from the source which suggest that Nokuthula Simelane was a victim of apartheid. (2 x 1) (2) 2.2.2 Why do you think only five of the eight Soweto branch operatives were granted amnesty by the TRC? (2 x 2) (4) 2.2.3 Identify TWO reasons from the source why the Simelane family wanted the people responsible for Nokuthula’s disappearance to be prosecuted. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.4 Explain why it was important for Nokuthula Simelane’s family to find her remains. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.5 Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian researching the disappearance of Nokuthula Simelane. (2 x 2) (4) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 6 (Paper 2) 10792/22 2.3 Consult Source 2C. 2.3.1 Identify THREE men from the source who appeared before the TRC to apply for amnesty in the Nokuthula Simelane case. (3 x 1) (3) 2.3.2 Explain the concept amnesty in the context of the TRC. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 Who, according to the source, was responsible for Nokuthula’s disappearance? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Comment on the different statements made by the following people regarding Nokuthula’s disappearance: (a) Wellem Coetzee (b) Veyi (2 x 2) (4) 2.4 Compare Sources 2B and 2C. Explain how the information in Source 2B supports the evidence in Source 2C regarding the perpetrators who applied for amnesty for Nokuthula’s disappearance. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5 Use Source 2D. 2.5.1 Explain the messages that are conveyed in the photograph. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.2 Explain what is implied by the statement “KHULUMANI WILL NEVER GIVE UP!”. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how successful the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was in assisting the family of Nokuthula Simelane to find closure. (8) [50] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PLEASE DETACH THIS ADDENDUM OF 14 PAGES. PREPARATORY EXAMINATION 2022 10792 HISTORY PAPER 2 ADDENDUM 14 pages P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 2 (Paper 2) 10792/22 QUESTION 1: WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES (SACC) AND LEADERS SUCH AS DESMOND TUTU IN THE FIGHT AGAINST APARTHEID IN THE 1980s? SOURCE 1A The source below explains why the South African Council of Churches (SACC) resisted the apartheid regime in 1983. The Tricameral Parliament established in 1983 was yet another constitutional instrument to co-opt (absorb) the Coloured and Asian people into the grand design of the regime. This led to the establishment of the United Democratic Front, which emerged during this period as the principal expression of resistance against apartheid. It was amidst this enormous instability and repression that the church made its mark. Pastors were called on to minister to people and families brutalised by massacres and agitated (upset) by the military occupation which was a constant irritant (annoyance) in black communities. They felt the need to sharpen and focus the means to bring apartheid to an end. Whereas in the early 1970s the churches had some sympathy for the state, by the 1980s there was a deeper understanding of the liberation movements. Beyers Naudé, who became general secretary of the SACC, could confidently warn in 1983 that “unless new factors are going to play a role or unforeseen developments take place in the near future, we will have to prepare ourselves for a long, protracted (prolonged) guerrilla struggle; a war increasingly fought with acts of sabotage and urban terrorism.” The SACC, during the time of the general secretaryships of Desmond Tutu and Beyers Naudé, saw the churches being engaged in fierce (aggressive) resistance against the state. This was resistance sparked by the Eloff Commission, which sought to control the foreign funding of SACC programmes. By the 1980s the churches were part of the resistance movement. Expressing this sentiment during a service in St George's Anglican Cathedral in Cape Town to protest detentions, Tutu underlined the theme of Christian resistance against unjust rule: “If we can no longer peacefully campaign for a change in an evil and unjust system, is the government saying then that the only alternative is violence – what else will be left for people to do?” [Adapted from: http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.ufbmp1001_final.pdf. Accessed on 09 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 3 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 1B The extract below is about the reaction of the then South African Council of Churches (SACC) secretary, Desmond Tutu towards the state’s repression in the 1980s. Tutu testified on behalf of a captured cell of the armed anti-apartheid group, uMkhonto we Sizwe in 1984. He maintained that he was committed to non-violence but could understand why black Africans under oppression would resort to using violence in their struggle for freedom. He called out the white government on their hypocrisy for praising armed liberation groups in Europe while condemning the same kinds of groups in South Africa. Violence in the country continued to escalate and Tutu was asked to speak at many funerals. During his sermons, he continued to preach a message of non-violence and was criticised by some for doing so, who proclaimed that his modesty (humility) was an obstacle to liberation. He addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York and met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to press further for economic sanctions on South Africa. In 1986 Tutu visited the United States again to urge sanctions. He also visited Japan, China and Jamaica for the same reason. Later that year he was elected Archbishop of Cape Town before becoming the president of the All Africa Conference of Churches. Tutu, along with other church leaders, became a mediator of conflict between protesters and police. They diffused tensions in Alexandra Township in 1986 and at the funeral of Ashley Kriel in 1987 among other incidents. When the government banned 17 organisations in 1988, they organised a protest march, which was banned too. In response, they formed the Committee for the Defence of Democracy and when their rallies were banned they replaced it with a service at St George’s Cathedral. Tutu took up the cause of the Sharpeville Six in 1988. The group had been sentenced to death and Tutu, opposing capital punishment (death warrant), pressured PW Botha to spare their lives. He met with Botha himself and the two clashed before Tutu was successful. In response to Tutu’s defiance, the government orchestrated (planned) a campaign against him, distributing anti-Tutu flyers and stickers, paying protestors and even harassing his wife. [Adapted from: https://southafrica.co.za/desmond-tutu-contribution-to-dismantling-apartheid.html. Accessed on 10 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 4 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 1C The source below is a photograph taken at the launch of the Committee for the Defence of Democracy on the 7th of March 1988. The Committee for the Defence of Democracy was formed because the government had banned liberal organisations that were resisting the apartheid policy. From left to right are the committee members - Frank van de Horst, South African Council on Sport (SACOS), Allan Boesak, Desmond Tutu, Prof. Jakes Gerwel, Rector University of Western Cape (UWC). DESMOND TUTU ALLAN BOESAK [From: https://southafrica.co.za/desmond-tutu-contribution-to-dismantling-apartheid.html. Accessed on 10 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 5 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 1D The following extract outlines the role played by the South African Council of Churches in restoring human rights and fighting the injustices during and after apartheid. Throughout its history, the SACC has had three main thrusts (driving forces) to its activities: justice, skills development and community projects, as well as theological reflection. During the apartheid regime, the SACC not only spoke out strongly against matters of injustice and the violation of human rights, it also provided practical assistance to the oppressed. Specifically, the SACC:  Offered emergency services to victims of apartheid brutalities  Raised funds for the legal defence of victims of the system  Cared for families of detainees and political prisoners and those on death row  Offered bursaries to thousands of poor black children  Funded community development programmes and projects  Campaigned for comprehensive international sanctions against apartheid  Facilitated the establishment of development institutions such as the Kagiso Trust  Engaged in youth and women’s rights projects and development programmes  Supported exiles and facilitated their return to South Africa after the unbanning of the liberation movements and the release of political prisoners  Assisted in the transitional process, from the negotiations to peace-making in the midst of intense violence; participated in the drafting of a new constitution for the country; supported the establishment of the TRC; and advocated for a just social and economic order. The role of the SACC in the fight to bring human rights to South Africa is an honourable one that will always be recorded in South Africa’s history. [From: https://sacc.org.za/history. Accessed on 09 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 6 (Paper 2) 10792/22 QUESTION 2: HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) IN FINDING CLOSURE FOR NOKUTHULA SIMELANE’S FAMILY? SOURCE 2A The extract below explains the aims of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which was established in 1995. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established to, amongst other goals, facilitate the 'rehabilitation and the restoration of human and civil dignity of the victims of human rights violations'. Primarily through the public hearings undertaken by the Human Rights Violations Committee, the Commission intended to restore voice and dignity to those previously marginalised (side-lined) and in the process confer (discuss) public acknowledgement, widely regarded as a key contributor to the healing process. At the time, the TRC was the first restorative justice process of its kind to conduct public hearings and provide space for survivors to tell their stories in their own words. These hearings served an important symbolic function in a country where the system of governance had been premised (introduced) on the denial and silencing of, in particular, black voices. … The TRC sought to address the issue of marginalised (side-lined) voices amongst the broader framework of victims and was conscious of gender distortions (biases) in the processes and presentation of its work. Although the bulk of those who testified before the Commission were women, in most cases their testimonies focused on the experiences of their husbands, sons and fathers. Women as victims represented only a small number of the cases presented. [Adapted from: www.wwl.wits.ac.za: Traces of Truth – The South African TRC. Accessed on 16 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 7 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 2B The following source focuses on how the Simelane family reacted to their daughter, Nokuthula’s disappearance. It has been nearly 30 years and Sizakele Simelane still waits for justice for her daughter, Nokuthula, who is presumed (assumed) dead. The 23-year-old uMkhonto we Sizwe activist from Bethal was abducted from Johannesburg's Carlton Centre by the Soweto Security Branch on September 8, 1983. She was taken to a farm in North West, where she was tortured for several weeks. … Eight Soweto security branch operatives applied for amnesty for Nokuthula's detention and torture. Only five were successful. Her sister, Thembi Nkadimeng, wrote a letter in January to Silas Ramaite, the acting national director of public prosecutions, informing him that her father had died without knowing what had happened to his daughter. “Most regrettably, we have lost complete faith in the priority crimes litigation (lawsuit) unit to run a successful prosecution.” The unit is tasked with investigating, among others, matters referred by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). Nkadimeng told Ramaite that she met the investigating officer in January. He proposed that it be dealt with through an inquest (investigation). She said she had also approached the missing persons task team, which told her that it was unable to find her sister's remains. “I was told to approach the suspects and offer not to prosecute them if they disclosed the location of Nokuthula's remains. I have discussed this suggestion with my family, and we have decided not to do a deal with the suspects.” She said the suspects had “more than ample time” to come forward and disclose the whereabouts of the remains. “They have chosen rather to cause me and my family pain and anguish (suffering) by maintaining a wall of lies and deceit (dishonesty).” Ramaite informed Nkadimeng in a letter dated January 31, that it was not possible to hold an inquest before the conclusion of the “outstanding investigations”. … “The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) is dragging its feet to give my mom the only thing she can have, her child's remains.” Her mother, Sizakele, said she was angry and disappointed, … [Adapted from: https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2013-03-17-grieving-mom- still-waits-for-answers-30-years-later/. Accessed on 19 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 8 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 2C The source below is an account of Nokuthula Simelane’s abductors’ application for amnesty at the TRC hearings. After the fall of Apartheid, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was instituted as a way of bridging the divide between the oppressive National Party race and the democratic South Africa. The Simelane family filed her case with the TRC in the hope of resolving her case. Five white men applied for amnesty relating to Nokuthula's abduction, torture and disappearance, Wellem Hellem Johannes Coetzee, Anton Pretorius, Mong, Williams and Ross. In the TRC, a former commander of the Soweto Intelligence Unit (SIU), Wellem 'Timol' Coetzee, the man responsible for the disappearance and death of Nokuthula, stated that Nokuthula was alive when he last saw her, the unit had turned her into a spy and redeployed her back to Swaziland. Coetzee's argument was countered by his colleague, Veyi who confessed that she was tortured and brutally murdered and was buried around the Rustenburg area. The TRC ruled against Coetzee's amnesty with regards to torture but was granted amnesty for Nokuthula's abduction. The TRC further awarded amnesty to the other four men (Pretorius, Mong, Williams and Ross) for torturing her. Thus far, no one has come forth and taken responsibility for her disappearance, neither the ANC nor former apartheid security forces. [From: https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nokuthula -orela-simelane. Accessed on 18 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 9 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 2D The photograph below shows the Khulumani Support Group attending a court hearing to demand that the four apartheid era policemen responsible for Nokuthula’s disappearance be prosecuted. KHULUMANI WILL NEVER GIVE UP! WE DEMAND CLOSURE OF THIS UNFINISHED TRC BUSINESS INVOLVING THE STOP THE TORTURE FOR DISAPPEARED FAMILIES NOT KNOWING WHAT HAPPENED TO THEIR LOVED ONES [From: https://www.news24.com/News24/four-former-apartheid-era-policemen-granted- bail-20160226. Accessed on 19 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 10 (Paper 2) 10792/22 QUESTION 3: HOW DID GLOBALISATION AFFECT THE CLOTHING AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA? SOURCE 3A The source below focuses on the process of globalisation in developing countries. Globalisation refers to integration between people, companies, and governments. Most noteworthy, this integration occurs on a global scale. Furthermore, it is the process of expanding the business all over the world. In globalisation, many businesses expand globally and assume an international image. Consequently, there is a requirement for huge investment to develop international companies. First of all, people have been trading goods since civilisation began. In the 1st century BC, there was the transportation of goods from China to Europe. The goods transportation took place along the Silk Road route. The Silk Road route was very long in distance. This was a remarkable development in the history of globalisation. This is because, for the first time ever, goods were sold across continents. Finally, in the 20th and 21st-Century, globalisation took its ultimate form. Above all, the development of technology and the internet took place. Technological innovation is another notable contribution of globalisation. Most noteworthy, there is a huge emphasis on technological development in globalisation. Furthermore, there is also technology transfer due to globalisation. The quality of products improves due to globalisation. This is because manufacturers try to make products of high-quality. This is due to the pressure of intense competition. If the product is inferior, people can easily switch to another high-quality product. [Adapted from: https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/globalization-essay./ Accessed on January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 11 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 3B The following source focuses on the challenges experienced in the South African Clothing and Textile Industry. The South African Clothing and Textile Industry lies within the Clothing, Textiles, Footwear and Leather (CTFL) sector. These industries are concentrated in two provinces: KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape. The clothing and textile industry is collectively responsible for the majority of employment (90%) and value added (80%) to the CTFL sector. The sector employs 95,000 workers and contributes 8% to the manufacturing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and 9% to the country’s overall GDP. The Clothing and Textile Industry remains important in terms of its impact on employment. The challenges which the industry has faced since the opening of South Africa’s economy in 1990 is primarily due to an influx of cheaper imported products. South Africa’s imports of clothing, textiles and leather goods have increased from just over R5 billion in 2000 to almost R60 billion in 2019, and over 100 000 jobs were lost between 2002 and 2013. Although the industry has stabilised, and positive growth forecasts are anticipated for local manufacturing firms, it is clear that the industry faces several potential threats. This includes: a lack of access to critical resources required for textile manufacturing, particularly water in the context of South Africa and risks related to their overall supply chain e.g., access to inputs such as cotton, that have their own water security risks. The industry is currently experiencing an emerging global trend known as ‘fast fashion’ that favours the speed at which goods can be brought to market and this is preferred over cheap goods. This trend coupled with the rise of the ethically-minded consumers has created new opportunities in the clothing and textile industry in South Africa. [From: https://www.investcapetown.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/Textiles_GreenCape _Resilience-Report_Interactive_20190801.pdf. Accessed on 12 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 12 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 3C The poster below highlights how SACTWU (Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers’ Union), an affiliate of COSATU, is working to save and increase decent jobs in the South African Textile Industry. [From: https://www.industriall-union.org/a-turnaround-for-south- africas-textile-industry. Accessed on 11 January 2022.] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 13 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SOURCE 3D The following source focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the South African Clothing and Textile Industry. South Africa's clothing industry has not escaped the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on heavily burdened consumers, with retail sales in the SA Clothing and Textile Industry reaching the worst decline ever recorded, in 2020. But, say local manufacturers, they are pulling out all the stops to snatch back market share from imports, as they continue to face supply chain disruptions brought on by the pandemic. “Retail sales in the SA Clothing and Textile Industry fell 6,9% overall during 2020. This is the worst decline ever recorded and the only year of contraction apart from 2009 at the height of the global financial crisis when sales declined 3,2%, according to Stats SA.” There have long been calls to revitalise (strengthen) garment manufacturing in South Africa, which has battled to compete with China and other cheap importers. This is where the retail Clothing, Textile, Footwear and Leather (CTFL) masterplan comes in. Its implementation kicked off in 2020, and it aims to increase the proportion of locally manufactured products sold in-store from 44% (in 2018) to 65% by 2030. The plan also aims to create jobs. Thandi Phele, acting deputy director-general of the Division for Industrial Competitiveness and Growth of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC) says that “even though the industry was under pressure, clothing imports took a bigger hit than locally manufactured clothing, as retailers are buying more goods locally and local manufacturers are benefitting from this. “Government has also committed to creating an enabling environment for investment in the South African Clothing, Textile, Footwear and Leather Industry, through strategic tariff support, appropriate manufacturing incentives, and clamping down on illegal imports.” [From https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/sas-clothing-industry-trying-to-stitch-itself-together- following-worst-decline-to-date-20210630. Accessed on 6 January 2022.] END

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY ADDENDUM 14 (Paper 2) 10792/22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Visual sources and other historical evidence were taken from the following: https://southafrica.co.za/desmond-tutu-contribution-to-dismantling-apartheid.html. http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.ufbmp1001_final.pdf https://southafrica.co.za/desmond-tutu-contribution-to-dismantling-apartheid.html www.wwl.wits.ac.za: https://southafrica.co.za/desmond-tutu-contribution-to-dismantling-apartheid.html. https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2013-03-17-grieving-mom-still-waits-for- answers-30-years-later/ https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nokuthula -orela-simelane https://www.news24.com/News24/four-former-apartheid-era-policemen-granted-bail-20160226 https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/globalization-essay/ https://www.investcapetown.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/Textiles_GreenCape_Resilience- Report_Interactive_20190801.pdf https://www.industriall-union.org/a-turnaround-for-south-africas-textile-industry https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/sas-clothing-industry-trying-to-stitch-itself-together- following-worst-decline-to-date-20210630

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 7 (Paper 2) 10792/22 QUESTION 3: HOW DID GLOBALISATION AFFECT THE CLOTHING AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA? Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow. 3.1 Refer to Source 3A. 3.1.1 Define the concept globalisation in your own words. (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.2 Name TWO destinations mentioned in the source where goods were transported in the 1st century. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Using the information from the source and your own knowledge, explain how globalisation was beneficial to the manufacturing industry. (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.4 List THREE remarkable developments that globalisation gave rise to in the 20th and 21st centuries. (3 x 1) (3) 3.2 Study Source 3B. 3.2.1 Quote evidence from the source which suggests that the South African Clothing and Textile Industry employed a large number of workers. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Identify TWO provinces where the South African Clothing and Textile Industry is located. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 Explain how the South African Clothing and Textile Industry affects employment opportunities in South Africa. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.4 Comment on the reason(s) that the South African Clothing and Textile Industry faced challenges between the years 2000 and 2013. (2 x 2) (4) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 8 (Paper 2) 10792/22 3.3 Read Source 3C. 3.3.1 Explain the message conveyed in the cartoon regarding the workers in the South African Clothing and Textile Industry. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Comment on what the cartoonist meant by the words “Made in South Africa” regarding manufactured goods in the clothing and textile sector. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Explain the limitations of this source to a historian studying the challenges facing the textile industry in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 Consult Source 3D. 3.4.1 Explain how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the South African Clothing and Textile Industry. (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.2 Define the concept pandemic in the context of globalisation. (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.3 Give TWO reasons mentioned in the source why the South African government wants to revitalise the clothing and textile industry. (2 x 1) (2) 3.4.4 Who, according to the source, is the acting Deputy Director-General of the DTIC? (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.5 Comment on the initiative taken by the South African government to save jobs in the clothing and textile industry. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5 Study Sources 3C and 3D. Explain how the information in Source 3C supports the evidence in Source 3D regarding job creation in the clothing and textile industry. (2 x 2) (4) 3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how globalisation has affected the clothing and textile industry in South Africa. (8) [50] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com HISTORY 9 (Paper 2) 10792/22 SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long. QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA – THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s Steve Biko used the philosophy of Black Consciousness to empower black South Africans to challenge the apartheid government in the 1960s and the 1970s. Do you agree? Use relevant evidence to support your line of argument. [50] QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST It was through leadership and compromises by various political organisations that democracy was born in South Africa in 1994. Critically discuss this statement in the context of the process of negotiations that occurred in South Africa in the period 1990 – 1994. Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50] QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 paved the way for the National Party and the African National Congress to begin talks which ultimately led to the end of Apartheid. Substantiate your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50] TOTAL: 150 END

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