History Grade 11 P2 November Mock 2026 Addendum (English)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 HISTORY P2 ADDENDUM NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) This addendum consists of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 2 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS YOUTH LEAGUE (ANCYL) CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE 1940s? SOURCE 1A The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It explains the methods of the African National Congress (ANC) before the 1940s and the influence of the Second World War. The South African Native National Congress (SANNC) was formed in Bloemfontein in January 1912 to unite Africans in the struggle against racial discrimination in the new Union of South Africa. In 1923 it changed its name to the African National Congress (ANC). Most of its early leaders were well-educated professionals, such as lawyers, teachers and ministers of religion. They believed that the government could be persuaded to grant equal rights to Africans through peaceful and constitutional methods. They sent petitions and deputations to the South African government and to Britain, wrote letters to newspapers and held meetings. These methods achieved very little: the Natives Land Act of 1913 was not repealed, and in 1936 African voters in the Cape were removed from the common voters’ roll. The Second World War (1939–1945) brought important changes. Thousands of Africans moved to the cities to work in factories, where they experienced poor housing, low wages and the hated pass laws. In August 1941 the leaders of Britain and the USA signed the Atlantic Charter, which stated that all peoples had the right to choose their own form of government. African leaders asked why this right should not apply to Africans as well. In 1943 the ANC, under its president Dr Alfred Xuma, adopted a document called Africans’ Claims in South Africa. It demanded full citizenship and the right to vote for all adults, regardless of race. Many younger members of the ANC, however, felt that the organisation was still too cautious. They complained that it was led by a small, elite group that held polite meetings, had little contact with ordinary people and had no clear plan to force the government to change its policies. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] *deputation: a small group of people sent to present a request or complaint to people in authority Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 3 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 1B The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It focuses on the formation and ideas of the ANC Youth League. In April 1944 a group of young African teachers, students, clerks and lawyers met at the Bantu Men’s Social Centre in Johannesburg and formed the African National Congress Youth League. Anton Lembede, a teacher and lawyer, was elected as its first president. Other founding members included Ashby Peter Mda, Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela. Lembede developed a set of ideas known as Africanism. He argued that Africans had to free themselves from the feeling of inferiority that colonialism and racism had created in them. Africans had to be proud of their history and culture and believe in their own ability to lead the struggle for freedom. He believed that Africans should rely on their own strength and not depend on the support of white liberals or other groups. In its early years the Youth League was also suspicious of the Communist Party, because it believed that communists would put the class struggle ahead of the national struggle of Africans. The Youth League wanted to turn the ANC into a mass movement that would involve ordinary African workers and peasants. It argued that only mass action would force the government to listen. After Lembede’s sudden death in 1947, Mda became president and the Youth League continued to press the ANC leadership to adopt more militant methods. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] SOURCE 1C The diagram below was drawn by the examiner. It compares the methods of the ANC before the 1940s with the methods proposed by the ANC Youth League. THE ANC BEFORE THE 1940s THE ANC YOUTH LEAGUE (moderate approach) (militant approach) Petitions and letters to the Boycotts of government institutions government Deputations to the government and Strikes and stay-aways from work to Britain Meetings and conferences of Mass meetings and mass action by educated leaders ordinary people Co-operation with sympathetic Africans to lead their own struggle whites (Africanism) Obeying the law while asking for Civil disobedience and change non-co-operation [Diagram drawn by the examiner from various historical accounts] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 4 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 1D The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It explains how the Youth League changed the ANC after the National Party came to power in 1948. The victory of the National Party in the general election of May 1948 and its policy of apartheid convinced many ANC members that the Youth League was right. At the annual conference of the ANC in Bloemfontein in December 1949 the Youth League persuaded the delegates to adopt a Programme of Action. The programme called for boycotts, strikes, stay-aways, civil disobedience and non-co-operation with the government in order to win full citizenship and direct representation in parliament for all Africans. Dr Xuma, who was unwilling to commit the ANC to mass action, was voted out as president. He was replaced by Dr James Moroka, who had promised to support the Programme of Action. Walter Sisulu became secretary-general, and several other Youth League leaders were elected to the national executive of the ANC. The new methods were soon put into practice. On 26 June 1950 the ANC called a National Day of Protest, a stay-away from work against the Suppression of Communism Act and the killing of protesters by the police earlier that year. On 26 June 1952 the ANC and the South African Indian Congress launched the Defiance Campaign. Volunteers deliberately broke apartheid laws by entering ‘Europeans only’ entrances, train coaches and post offices, and by ignoring curfews and pass laws. More than 8 000 volunteers were arrested. During the campaign the membership of the ANC grew from fewer than 10 000 to about 100 000, and the ANC became a mass movement. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] *civil disobedience: deliberately and peacefully breaking unjust laws as a form of protest Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 5 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock QUESTION 2: HOW DID THE CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS OF THE GREAT TREK IN 1938 STRENGTHEN AFRIKANER NATIONALISM? SOURCE 2A The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It explains the position of Afrikaners in the 1920s and 1930s. After the South African War (1899–1902) many Afrikaners felt humiliated and bitter towards Britain. Afrikaner nationalists worked to build a sense of pride and unity among Afrikaans-speaking people. In 1918 the Afrikaner Broederbond, a secret society of Afrikaner men, was formed to promote Afrikaner interests in culture, education, politics and the economy. In 1925 Afrikaans replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union, alongside English. In 1929 the Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (FAK) was formed to co-ordinate Afrikaner cultural organisations. Many Afrikaners, however, were poor. Drought, the Great Depression and the loss of farms forced thousands of Afrikaners to move to the cities, where they competed with black workers for unskilled jobs. In 1932 a commission funded by the Carnegie Corporation reported that about 300 000 white South Africans, most of them Afrikaners, were ‘very poor’. Nationalists feared that the poor whites would lose their Afrikaner identity in the English-dominated cities. In 1934 the National Party of General J. B. M. Hertzog joined General Jan Smuts’s South African Party to form the United Party. Dr D. F. Malan and his followers refused to join, because they believed that the new party was too close to Britain and to English-speaking South Africans. They formed the Gesuiwerde (Purified) National Party to fight for the interests of Afrikaners. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 6 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 2B The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It describes the symbolic ox-wagon trek of 1938. In 1938 Afrikaners celebrated the hundredth anniversary of the Great Trek. The celebrations were organised by the Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV), a cultural organisation of Afrikaans-speaking railway workers, led by Henning Klopper. On 8 August 1938 two ox-wagons, named after the Voortrekker leaders Piet Retief and Andries Pretorius, left Cape Town on a symbolic trek to the north. Later more wagons set out from other parts of the country. As the wagons passed through towns and villages, they were welcomed by large, excited crowds. Men grew beards and women and girls made and wore Voortrekker dresses and bonnets (kappies). Streets were renamed after Voortrekker leaders, couples were married next to the wagons, and parents gave their babies the names of the wagons. Prayers, speeches and the singing of Die Stem van Suid-Afrika took place at every stop. People pressed the tracks of the wagon wheels into fresh tar or cement as souvenirs. The trek ended on 16 December 1938, the hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Blood River, which Afrikaners called the Day of the Covenant. A crowd of more than 100 000 people gathered on a hill outside Pretoria to watch the laying of the foundation stone of the Voortrekker Monument, while other wagons reached the site of the battle at Blood River in Natal. Speakers called on Afrikaners to unite as one volk (people) and to win their economic and political freedom. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] *volk: the Afrikaner people seen as one nation Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 7 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 2C The photograph below shows part of the crowd at the celebrations of the centenary (hundredth anniversary) of the Great Trek in 1938. The name of the photographer is not known. Women and girls in Voortrekker dresses and white bonnets (kappies) sit on a hillside at the Great Trek centenary celebrations, 1938. Men in hats stand behind them. [From: Great Trek centenary photograph, 1938. Public domain.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 8 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 2D The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It explains how the spirit of 1938 contributed to the growth of Afrikaner nationalism in the years that followed. The centenary celebrations created a wave of national feeling among Afrikaners that crossed the lines between rich and poor and between different political parties. In February 1939 the Ossewabrandwag (Ox-wagon Sentinel) was formed in Bloemfontein as a cultural organisation to keep the spirit of the trek alive. Within a few years it claimed hundreds of thousands of members, and during the Second World War it became increasingly militant and pro-German. In October 1939 the Broederbond organised an Economic People’s Congress (Ekonomiese Volkskongres) in Bloemfontein. It aimed to rescue the poor whites and to build Afrikaner-owned businesses through a policy called volkskapitalisme. Afrikaners were encouraged to save their money in Afrikaner banks such as Volkskas, to take out insurance with Afrikaner companies such as Sanlam and to support Afrikaner shops. The Reddingsdaadbond (Rescue Action League) was formed to carry out these aims. In September 1939 parliament voted by a narrow majority to support Britain in the Second World War. Hertzog, who wanted South Africa to remain neutral, resigned as prime minister and was replaced by Smuts. Many Afrikaners were angry that South Africa was once again fighting on Britain’s side. In 1940 Malan’s followers and Hertzog’s supporters came together in the Herenigde (Reunited) National Party. Under Malan’s leadership this party, together with the small Afrikaner Party, won the general election of May 1948 and began to introduce the policy of apartheid. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 9 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock QUESTION 3: HOW DID THE RESIDENTS OF SOPHIATOWN RESPOND TO THE FORCED REMOVALS OF THE 1950s? SOURCE 3A The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It describes Sophiatown and explains why the government wanted to remove its residents. Sophiatown was a suburb about seven kilometres west of the centre of Johannesburg. It was established in the early 1900s and was named after Sophia, the wife of the man who bought the land. Because few white people wanted to live there, plots were sold to black people. Sophiatown was therefore one of the few places in a South African city where black people could own land with freehold title. Africans, coloured people, Indians and Chinese lived there side by side. Sophiatown was overcrowded and many tenants lived in poor conditions in backyard rooms, but it was also famous for its lively culture. It was home to jazz musicians, writers and journalists of Drum magazine, sports clubs, churches and schools. The Anglican priest Father Trevor Huddleston worked among its people and became one of its best-known defenders. As Johannesburg grew, white suburbs such as Westdene were built close to Sophiatown, and white voters demanded the removal of the black residents. The National Party government regarded Sophiatown as a ‘black spot’ in a white area. The Group Areas Act of 1950 allowed the government to declare areas for the use of one racial group only. In 1954 parliament passed the Natives Resettlement Act, which gave the government power to remove Africans from the western areas of Johannesburg, including Sophiatown, to a new township called Meadowlands, about 20 kilometres away. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] *freehold title: legal ownership of land with the right to keep it permanently and pass it on to one’s heirs Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 10 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 3B The source below was compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. It focuses on the campaign against the removal of the people of Sophiatown. The African National Congress (ANC), together with the Transvaal Indian Congress and local residents’ organisations, launched a campaign against the removals. Regular mass meetings were held in Freedom Square in Sophiatown, where speakers such as Nelson Mandela and Father Trevor Huddleston addressed the crowds. The slogan ‘We won’t move’ was painted on walls throughout the suburb. In Sophiatown slang it was also expressed as ‘Ons dak nie, ons phola hier’ (We won’t move, we are staying here). The government learnt that resistance was being planned and brought the date of the first removals forward by a few days. Meetings were banned, and on the eve of the removals large numbers of armed police were sent into Sophiatown. Before dawn on 9 February 1955, in heavy rain, about 2 000 police officers armed with rifles and sticks moved in. Families were ordered to load their furniture and belongings onto government lorries, which took them to Meadowlands. The resistance campaign was unable to stop the removals. Its leaders had not agreed on a clear plan of action, and the large police force made open resistance very dangerous. Many tenants, who had paid high rents for crowded backyard rooms, were willing to move to the new houses in Meadowlands. Some families tried to avoid removal by moving to other parts of Johannesburg, but over the next few years the whole of Sophiatown was cleared. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] SOURCE 3C The source below is a description compiled by the examiner. It is based on photographs taken by press photographers in Sophiatown on the morning of 9 February 1955. [PHOTOGRAPH NOT REPRODUCED DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPH IS GIVEN BELOW] Description of the photograph: It is early morning and raining. In a muddy street a large open government lorry is parked in front of a small brick house. A man and a woman lift a wardrobe onto the back of the lorry, which is already loaded with beds, chairs, a table, pots and bundles of clothing tied in blankets. Two small children stand next to their mother, holding on to her skirt, and look at the camera. On the wall of the house behind them the words ‘WE WON’T MOVE’ have been painted in large letters. Several police officers in raincoats, some carrying rifles and others carrying sticks, stand in the street and watch the family. In the background another lorry waits and a group of neighbours watch silently from a doorway. [Description compiled by the examiner] Copyright reserved Please turn over

History/P2 11 Hlayiso/Gr 11 Mock 2026 NSC – Addendum Mock SOURCE 3D The sketch map and summary below were compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts. They show where the people of Sophiatown were moved to and what happened to Sophiatown afterwards. NOT TO SCALE N SOPHIATOWN about 7 km JOHANNESBURG CITY CENTRE Removals from 9 February 1955: about 20 km to Meadowlands MEADOWLANDS (Soweto) Most African families from Sophiatown were moved to Meadowlands, where they rented small, identical four-roomed houses from the government. They lost the freehold rights they had held in Sophiatown. Meadowlands was divided into sections for different ethnic groups, so neighbours who had lived together for many years were separated. Coloured, Indian and Chinese residents were moved to separate areas set aside for their groups. Meadowlands was far from the city centre, and workers had to spend more time and money travelling to their jobs. By the early 1960s Sophiatown had been completely demolished. A new suburb for white people was built in its place and given the name Triomf, which means ‘triumph’ in Afrikaans. In 2006 the name Sophiatown was officially restored to the suburb. [Compiled by the examiner from various historical accounts] Copyright reserved