Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2024 Memo (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MAY/JUNE 2024 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 B ✓✓ 1.1.3 D ✓✓ 1.1.4 D ✓✓ 1.1.5 A ✓✓ 1.1.6 B ✓✓ 1.1.7 B ✓✓ 1.1.8 C ✓✓ 1.1.9 D ✓✓ 1.1.10 A ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 D ✓✓ 1.2.2 H ✓✓ 1.2.3 E ✓✓ 1.2.4 J ✓✓ 1.2.5 B ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Price elasticity of demand ✓✓ 1.3.2 Income statement ✓✓ 1.3.3 Heterozygote/crossbreed/hybrid ✓✓ 1.3.4 Quantitative ✓✓ 1.3.5 Prepotency ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Standardisation/grading ✓ 1.4.2 Variable ✓ 1.4.3 Epistasis ✓ 1.4.4 Physical ✓ 1.4.5 Inbreeding depression/degeneration ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 3 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 Marketing functions 2.1.1 Identification of the marketing function A Transportation ✓ (1) B Storage ✓ (1) C Packaging ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Guidelines for packaging E Product identification ✓ (1) F Containment ✓ (1) 2.1.3 TWO advantages of processing • Increases the value of the product ✓ • A way of overcoming over-supply of product ✓ • Allows easier packaging, handling and transportation ✓ • Provides job opportunities ✓ • Enables the farmer to increase their share of final price paid for a product ✓ • Results in a product that has a longer shelf life ✓ • Reduces wastage of excess produce/prevent food spoilage ✓ • Improves food safety ✓ • Product is available throughout the year ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 4 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.2 Supply, demand and price 2.2.1 Line graph Quantity of potatoes supplied and demanded at different prices 3000 30 2500 25 2000 20 Price (R) 1500 15 1000 10 500 5 0 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 Quantity (Bags) Quantity (bags) CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES • Correct heading ✓ • X-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Quantity) ✓ • Y-axis: Correctly calibrated and labelled (Price) ✓ • Correct units (Bags and R) ✓ • Line graph ✓ • Accuracy (80% + correct plotting) ✓ (6) 2.2.2 Law of supply • The higher the price the more the quantities of potatoes supplied ✓✓ • The lower the price the lesser the quantities of potatoes supplied ✓✓ (Any 1) (2) 2.2.3 Condition in a market when the price is R15 Market equilibrium/equilibrium point ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 5 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.2.4 TWO factors influencing the demand of potatoes other than price • Quality ✓ • Consumer preferences/taste ✓ • Income/buying power of consumers ✓ • Number of consumers ✓ • Price of competing/complementary/substitutes products ✓ • Range of products available ✓ • Use of the product ✓ • Fashion ✓ • Festive seasons ✓ • Advertisement ✓ • Legislation ✓ • Sociological ✓ • Research ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.3 Approaches to agricultural marketing A Multi-segment ✓ (1) B Green marketing ✓ (1) C Niche marketing ✓ (1) 2.4 Marketing channels of free marketing system 2.4.1 Identification of the marketing channel Internet/online marketing channel ✓ (1) 2.4.2 TWO advantages of the internet marketing channel for the farmer • A large market can be reached/global reach ✓ • Money can be transferred before goods are delivered ✓ • Faster method to reach the consumers ✓ • Time saving/convenience ✓ • Cost effective/less capital intensive ✓ • Flexible/accessible anytime ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.4.3 TWO marketing channels other than internet marketing • Farm gate ✓ • Fresh produce ✓ • Stock sales/auctions ✓ • Direct/contact ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.5 Factors hampering marketing of agricultural products 2.5.1 Bulkiness ✓ (1) 2.5.2 Costs for intermediaries/middlemen ✓ (1) 2.5.3 Perishability/spoilage ✓ (1) 2.5.4 Risk/delays/spoilage/theft ✓ (1) 2.5.5 Seasonal fluctuations ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 6 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.6 Entrepreneurial success factors 2.6.1 B✓ (1) 2.6.2 D✓ (1) 2.6.3 C/D ✓ (1) 2.6.4 A✓ (1) [35] QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 Land 3.1.1 Letter representing the functions of land (a) Provision of food - C ✓ (1) (b) Provision of space for infrastructure - B ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Economic characteristic of land A Land is limited ✓ (1) D Value of land appreciates ✓ (1) 3.1.3 TWO ways in which land productivity can be improved • Water management/provision/irrigation ✓ • Consolidating small uneconomical land units ✓ • Farming land more efficiently/precision farming/ use scientific farming methods ✓ • Improving soil fertility ✓ • Changing cropping practices ✓ • Restoring land potential ✓ • Responsible use of pesticides ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.1.4 The law of diminishing return With the continued addition of more of one input to a productive process while other inputs are kept constant, a point will be reached where the output per unit of the added input will decline ✓✓ (2) 3.2 Labour productivity 3.2.1 Motivation ✓ (1) 3.2.2 Education ✓ (1) 3.2.3 Recognition/motivation ✓ (1) 3.2.4 Communication ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 7 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.3 Labour skills 3.3.1 Indication of the best candidate as (a) Person to manage the business optimally - Candidate 2 ✓ (1) (b) A technical advisor - Candidate 1 ✓ (1) 3.3.2 TWO reasons for the answer in QUESTION 3.3.1 (a) • Higher scores/82% management skills/ability in management ✓ • Higher scores/80% interpersonal skills/ ability in interpersonal skills ✓ (2) 3.3.3 Legislation regulating (a) Safety Occupational Health and Safety Act/OHSA (No. 85 of 1993) ✓ (1) (b) Participation in decision making Labour Relations Act/LRA (No. 66 of 1995) ✓ (1) 3.4 Capital 3.4.1 Types of capital (a) C ✓ (1) (b) B ✓ (1) (c) A✓ (1) 3.4.2 ONE source of capital Financial institution/commercial banks/trust companies/Land bank/ development bank/agricultural cooperatives/business partners/credit/ production/grants/inheritance/family and friends/savings ✓ (1) 3.5 Balance sheet for the 28th of February 2023 3.5.1 Identification of the financial statement Balance sheet ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Provide the missing information for (a) Value of the farm ✓ (1) (b) Bank overdraft ✓ (1) (c) R4 000 000 ✓ (1) (d) R2 210 000 ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 8 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.6 Income and expenditure graph 3.6.1 Identification of a farmer with highest income Farmer B ✓ (1) 3.6.2 Calculating the profit or loss for farmer A Profit or loss = Total value of income – Total value of expenditure ✓ = R30 000 – R50 000 ✓ = – R20 000/loss ✓ (3) 3.7 Management 3.7.1 Management principles (a) Control ✓ (1) (b) Implementation ✓ (1) 3.7.2 TWO external forces that affect a farming business • Technological forces ✓ • Socio-cultural forces ✓ • Legal forces ✓ • Political forces ✓ • Ethical forces ✓ • Economic forces ✓ • Environmental forces ✓ • Competitive forces ✓ (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 4.1 Monohybrid crossing 4.1.1 Punnett square Gametes B b b Bb bb b Bb bb CRITERIA FOR MARKING • Gametes of parent 1 ✓ • Gametes of parent 2 ✓ • Genotype of offspring ✓ • Punnet square populated with gametes and offspring genotypes ✓ (4) 4.1.2 Calculation of the percentage of pink flowers • = 2÷4 x 100 ✓ • = 50% ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 9 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.1.3 Calculate the number of heterozygous offspring • = 2÷4 x 350 ✓ • = 175 ✓ (2) 4.2 Monohybrid crossing presentation 4.2.1 Pattern of inheritance shown by Pair 1 Incomplete dominance/co-dominance ✓ (1) 4.2.2 Justification for co-dominance/incomplete for pair 1 The alleles for both parents are dominant ✓ (1) 4.2.3 The phenotype of Pair 2 offspring All round fruits ✓ (1) 4.2.4 Genotypic ratio of Pair 2 offspring 1AA : 1Aa ✓ (1) 4.3 Crossing schematic representation 4.3.1 Mendel law that applies in the crossing The law of segregation ✓ (1) 4.3.2 The process that resulted to (7) Fertilization ✓ (1) 4.3.3 Genotypes and phenotypes (a) (2) White ✓ (1) (7) Dark ✓ (1) (b) (1) DD ✓ (1) (6) d ✓ (1) 4.4 Variation 4.4.1 Genetic term Variation ✓ (1) 4.4.2 TWO other internal factors • Mutation ✓ • Random fertilization ✓ (2) 4.4.3 TWO methods of selecting farm animals • Progeny selection ✓ • Family selection ✓ • Pedigree selection ✓ • Mass selection ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P2 10 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.5 Crossbreeding Holstein cows with Dairy Swiss bulls 4.5.1 The breeding system Crossbreeding ✓ (1) 4.5.2 Reason for crossbreeding Two different/unrelated breeds were used ✓ (1) 4.5.3 TWO advantages of crossbreeding from the case study • An improvement in the growth rate of the calves ✓ • Offspring were better adapted to hot conditions ✓ • Udders and legs improved ✓ (Any 2) (2) 4.5.4 Differentiation Inbreeding Mating of animals that are related to one another ✓ (1) Line breeding Mating of animals that are closely related to an outstanding ancestor/ bull ✓ (1) 4.5.5 ONE example for each of the breeding systems Inbreeding - Father and daughter/son and mother/brother and sister ✓ (1) Line breeding - A bull with heifers from the second generation ✓ (1) 4.6 Genetically modified organisms 4.6.1 TWO potential risks of genetically modified crops to the environment • Can produce super weeds ✓ • Insect resistant plants can kill beneficial insects ✓ • Use of excessive amounts of herbicides may damage the soil ✓ • Loss of biodiversity/useful plants can be destroyed ✓ • Reduce the effectiveness of herbicides/pesticides ✓ (Any 2) (2) 4.6.2 TWO benefits of genetically modified crops • Environmental benefits ✓ • Health benefits ✓ • Economic benefits ✓ (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved