Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2024 Memo (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P1 MAY/JUNE 2024 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 13 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2023 AND SC JUNE 2024 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. M MARKING • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • A clear, neat tick must be used: ✓ o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ✓ o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: ✓✓ o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING • If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited • Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. • Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way • In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. • There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved

Geography/P1 3 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1)✓ 1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1) ✓ 1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow✓ 1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order ✓ 2 1.3.1 Katabatic 1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night ✓✓ 1.3.3 ✓✓into the valley and forms an inversion Cold air rolls down ✓✓ Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front ✓ 1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air  ✓✓ ✓✓ 1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches✓✓ up with the warm front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round (b) The river channel is wide  ✓✓ ✓✓ (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. 1.5.2 ✓ Gauteng and the EasternCape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more ✓✓chemicals to purify water. Chemicals cost✓✓ a lot and this will increase production costs. It will be costly to✓✓ purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs M will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 D (1) 1.1.2 B (1) 1.1.3 C (1) 1.1.4 D (1) 1.1.5 A (1) 1.1.6 C (1) 1.1.7 A (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 1.2.1 Y (1) 1.2.2 Z (1) 1.2.3 Y (1) 1.2.4 Y (1) 1.2.5 Z (1) 1.2.6 Y (1) 1.2.7 Z (1) 1.2.8 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 low (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Clockwise circulation (indicated by the clouds) (2) Give In the centre of mid-latitude cyclone (2) evidence from the Presence of the cold and warm fronts (2) satellite Condensation/cloud formation (2) image [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Light (continuous) rainfall (2) (1 x 2) (2) Describe the rainfall-warm front 1.3.4 (Well-developed) Kalahari high pressure system (2) Give a The interior is dominated by sinking air from the Kalahari HP (2) reason why interior exp Strong subsidence of air (2) clear skies The area is in the warm sector of the mid latitude cyclone (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 (P) Cloud cover Explain how Results in rapid upliftment of warm moist air (2) cold front changes the Rising warm moist air will cool and condense (2) cloud cover Increase in condensation will result in an increase in cloud and wind at B cover/overcast/ cumulonimbus clouds. (2) F+Q Winds Steep pressure gradient will cause stronger/gusty winds (2) The clockwise circulation will influence the wind direction (2) Backing of winds due to the change in position of the system (2) [ANY FOUR- MUST REFER TO BOTH CLOUD COVER AND WINDS] (4 x 2) (8) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Cloud cover Results in rapid upliftment (1) Rising warm moist air (1) Increase in condensation (1) Winds Steep pressure gradient (1) The clockwise circulation (1) Backing of winds (1) [MAXIMUM OF FOUR MARKS-BOTH MUST BE MENTIONED] 1.4 1.4.1 21 February (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Mozambique was affected twice by tropical cyclone Freddy/ Freddy Why was the impact more hit Mozambique on the 24th of Feb and 11th of March (2) (1 x 2) (2) severe in Mozambique Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.3 It moved over land (accept Madagascar) (2) Give TWO Reduced moisture content/cut off from its source of moisture (2) reasons for it changing Frictional drag (slowed wind speed) (2) from a Reduction in latent heat (2) tropical cyclone to a [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) tropical depression 1.4.4 Tropical cyclones generally move from east to west/ south westerly Why is the direction (2) NW path unusual Tropical cyclones usually turn in an easterly direction (2) Driven by the easterly winds (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 There will be increase in evaporation (2) How did the It will increase the latent heat (2) Mozambique channel Less friction over the water surface (2) influence the [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) increase in the intensity of TC 1.4.6 Damage to power lines will result in no electricity supply (2) Explain how Damage to water systems will result in no water supply (2) Damage to infrastructure Damage to transport infrastructure will decrease accessibility (2) could have a Damage to building infrastructure will leave people stranded negative impact on /destitute (2) people Damage to telecommunications systems will decrease channels of F+Q communication (2) Damage to sewage infrastructure will result in water becoming contaminated (2) Excessive dam silting will decrease water accessibility (2) Breaking of dam walls resulting in floods which destroy homes (2) [ANY TWO- ACCEPT EXAMPLES] (2 x 2) (4) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Damage to power lines (1) Damage to water systems (1) Damage to transport infrastructure (1) Damage to building infrastructure (1) Damage to telecommunications systems (1) Damage to sewage infrastructure (1) Excessive dam silting (1) Breaking of dam walls (1) [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5 1.5.1 Moisture front (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 B North-east (1) C South-west (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.3 B Moist air (1) C Dry air (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 Warm moist and cold dry air to converge over the interior (2) (2) Explain the A moisture front (trough) develops (2) formation of line Cold air forces warm air to rise parallel to the moisture front (2) thunderstorms Rising moist air cools condenses (2) over the interior Cumulonimbus clouds form (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.5.5 Water supply for natural vegetation (2) Positive Replenish the soil fertility (nitrogen fixing) (2) impact of heavy rainfall Sufficient water for wildlife (2) associated Level of water table will be higher (accept examples) (2) with line thunderstorms Biodiversity increases (accept examples)(2) on the Habitats are restored (accept examples) (2) physical environment Ecosystems have sufficient water (2) Replenish/ purify natural water systems (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) [60] QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) 2.1.2 Z (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Z (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Y (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.2 2.2.1 B (1) 2.2.2 B (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 D (1) 2.2.5 B (1) 2.2.6 C (1) 2.2.7 A (1) 2.2.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 The side view of the river from source to mouth (2) Longitudinal [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) profile SUGGESTION FOR PART MAKING The side view of a river (1) 2.3.2 Permanent (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Waterfall (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Y (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.5 It has a smooth (concave) shape. (2) Give a All temporary base levels are removed (accept examples) (2) reason for your answer Rate of erosion and deposition is in equilibrium (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.6 Vertical erosion eroded the knickpoint (accept examples) (2) Explain how Headward erosion removed knickpoint (accept examples) (2) The profile developed Lateral erosion widens the river (2) F+Q Debris is deposited in the lower course (accept examples) (2) A state of equilibrium between erosion and deposition (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Vertical erosion (1) Headward erosion (1) Lateral erosion (1) Debris is deposited (1) A state of equilibrium (1) [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.7 Draw a steep slopes (1) rough cross- profile of shape of the valley (1) river valley B (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.8 Vertical/Downward erosion (2) Give a reason for It’s in the upper course of river (2) the shape [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Meander (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Flat (accept gentle/gradual) (1) Give ONE Slow stream flow (1) characteristic of the river in Flooding (1) the lower Deposition (1) course Laminar flow (1) Meandering (1) Ox-bow lakes (1) Levees (1) Deltas (1) Distributaries (1) Braided streams (1) River mouth (1) Lateral erosion (1) Wider river valley (1) Shallow river channel (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Gentle gradient caused the river to flow slower (2) Explain how River started to bend and lateral erosion occurred (2) gradient influenced Erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank (2) the dev of [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) the fluvial landform 2.4.4 A: Slip off (accept convex) (1) Identify B: Undercut slope (accept concave) (1) (2 x 1) (2) slope A and B 2.4.5 Y (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.6 SLOPE A Explain the Slow flowing water (2) processes involved in Results in deposition (2) the Creating a slip-off slope (2) formation of slopes A SLOPE B and B Fast flowing water (2) Resulting in undercutting/erosion (2) Continuous undercutting takes place (2) Causes the bank to collapse forming a river cliff/undercut slope (2) [ANY THREE- MUST MENTION BOTH SLOPE A AND B] (3 x 2) (6) 2.5 2.5.1 Gauteng (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Settlement growth without proper planning for supply and maintenance of water resources/sanitation (2) (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING Settlement growth without proper planning (1) 2.5.3 People struggling with water (1) Give TWO Sanitation issues (1) consequences of unplanned Water infrastructure in a state of disrepair (poor condition) (1) development Frequent leaks (1) Disruptions in the water supply (1) Water declared unfit for human consumption (1) Inaccessibility of water for a week. (1) Water is 'brown and slimy' (1) Shutting down of Temba Waste Plant (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Failure of the Rooiwal water treatment plant to treat the waste water How did (1) Apies river become Dumping of raw/semi-treated waste water by Rooiwal water into the polluted river (1) (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.5 (P) Hold the Rooiwal treatment plant accountable (2) Suggest Implement legislation (2) strategies the local Impose fines (2) municipality Plan/control developments in the area (2) can implement to Limit deforestation (2) reduce Promote afforestation (2) pollution of Apies river Buffering of the Apies river catchment area (2) Manage dumping of industrial waste (accept examples) (2) Patrollers monitor the rivers (2) Repair/upgrade/equip water supply network (2) Maintain/service the Rooiwal water treatment plant (2) Relocate encroached settlements away from the Apies river (2) Provide incentives (accept examples) (2) Create awareness of maintaining the water quality (2) Educate the community (2) Ensure stormwater management (2) Ensure conservation of wetlands (2) Proper land use planning (accept examples) (2) Regular environmental impact assessment studies (EIA) (2) Place sufficient refuse bins in the area (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 (a) 1645m-1642m = 3m (1) (1 x 1) (1) (b) Gentle (1) (1 x 1) (1) State how (c) Cultivation/(crop) farming (is possible) (1) Construction of roads (is easier) (1) (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 (a) 55º (1) (Range: 54º-56º) (1 x 1) (1) TWO (b) 22º42' OPTIONS +(1)44' 22º86' = 23º26' WTN (1) OR 22º24' +(1)44' 22º68' = 23º 08' WTN (1) (2 x 1) (2) (c) 55º + 23º26' = 78º 26' (1) (Range: 77º26'-79º26') OR 55º + 23º08' = 78º 08' (1) (Range: 77º08'-79º08') (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 3.2.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Non perennial rivers (1) Seasonal Presence of a reservoirs (1) rain [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Morning (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 The shadows fall to the south-west (2) (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Windbreak (1) Row of trees Reduces soil erosion (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 South-westerly (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 13 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.8 The height decreases in a south-westerly direction (2) Give a The acute angle formed by the joining of the tributaries points in a reason for your answer south-westerly direction (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.9 Water is available (2) How has the Irrigation is possible (2) stream at G made Deposition of silt (fertile soil) (2) cultivation Valley has been widened (2) possible [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.1 3.3.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Satellite (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 High (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Features can be clearly seen (2) Give a Has large number of pixels (2) reason for your answer It has smaller pixels (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 More (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.6 The gradient is steep (2) Give a Contour lines are close together (2) reason for your answer [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over