Geography Grade 12 Paper 2 NSC June 2024 Memo (English)

Geography/P2 1 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P2 MAY/JUNE 2024 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 13 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2023 AND SC JUNE 2024 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING M • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • A clear, neat tick must be used: ✓ o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ✓ o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: ✓✓ o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING • If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited • Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. • Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way • In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks. • There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right- hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left- hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1) ✓ 1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1) ✓ 1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow ✓ 1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order ✓ 2 1.3.1 Katabatic 1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night ✓✓ 1.3.3 Cold air rolls down✓✓ into the valley and forms an inversion ✓✓ Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front ✓ 1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air  ✓✓ ✓✓ 1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm✓✓ front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round  (b) The river channel is wide  ✓✓ ✓✓ (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. 1.5.2 ✓ Gauteng  and the Eastern Cape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicals ✓✓to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot and this ✓✓will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water ✓✓for use in electricity generation. These costs will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will beMless clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 1.1 1.1.1 Dispersed (accept isolated) (1) 1.1.2 Nucleated (accept clustered) (1) 1.1.3 A (1) 1.1.4 Linear (1) 1.1.5 T (1) 1.1.6 dry point (1) 1.1.7 wet point (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 1.2.1 C (1) 1.2.2 D (1) 1.2.3 C (1) 1.2.4 A (1) 1.2.5 B (1) 1.2.6 C (1) 1.2.7 A (1) 1.2.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 Africa (1) (Accept S America) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 17 (%) (2) (Accept 9 (%)) (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Large rural populations gives rise to a higher rate of urbanisation (2) Why will the Push factors from rural areas (accept examples) (2) rate of urbanisation Pull factors towards urban areas (accept examples) (2) be so high? [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 There are not enough jobs available (2) Why does They expected better jobs but did not get it (2) the pull factor in the People do not have the skills/experience (2) cartoon They do not have the necessary documentation/qualifications (2) (PULL- better jobs in Lack of access to information on employment opportunities (2) the city) They may be paid lower salaries than expected (2) often lead to disappointment? Corruption and Nepotism (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Encouraging decentralisation of businesses/industries (2) Suggest Create employment opportunities (2) strategies that can be Upskilling and training (2) implemented Improve infrastructural development (accept examples) (2) to reduce the rate of Provision/Supply of basic services (accept examples) (2) urbanisation Effective policing (2) Promoting rural areas through cultural/sporting events (accept examples) (2) Attract tourists (2) Improve recreational facilities (accept examples) (2) Create more tourism attractions (accept examples) (2) Speed up land reform (accept examples) (2) Financial assistance/subsidies/incentives/investment (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 There are focal points (nuclei) around which the urban settlement State TWO develops (1) characteristics of the model Location of land-use (zones) are based on compatibility (1) All land-use (zones) are present (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.2 Central business district (CBD) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Land-use zone 1 is located in an area of high accessibility (2) Account for (1 x 2) (2) the location of land-use zone 1 1.4.4 (a) High crime in the CBD caused commercial activities to move to Explain how the Outlying Business District (2) the dev of OBD was Low crime rates in the OBD will be more attractive for influenced development (2) by: [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines (b) Less traffic congestion in the OBD will increase convenience/ accessibility (2) More traffic congestion in the CBD reduces convenience/ accessibility (2) (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING (a) High crime in the CBD (1) Low crime rates in the OBD (1) (b) Less traffic congestion in the OBD (1) More traffic congestion in the CBD (1) [MAXIMUM OF 1 MARK FOR (a) and (b)] 1.4.5 Urban areas have different nuclei (accept examples) (2) Why will the Level and rate of development differs (2) multiple nuclei model Different amounts of space available for the expansion of urban not apply to areas (2) all urban areas? Natural resources found in urban areas differ (accept examples) (2) Physical barriers (obstacles) that can prevent expansion (2) Different location of urban areas (2) Poor planning by municipalities (2) Restricted financial budgets (2) Historical/cultural factors have an impact (2) Transport infrastructure differs (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.5 1.5.1 Deterioration of urban areas/buildings (2) Define urban [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) blight 1.5.2 Buildings are in a poor condition (accept examples) (1) Evidence of Graffiti on the buildings (1) urban blight Litter/Pollution (in the area) (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Area of future expansion of the CBD/Zone of change/Invasion and Why is succession (2) urban blight more Attracts low income occupants/students (2) dominant in Landlords do not occupy/maintain/upgrade buildings (2) the transition zone? Buildings are left vacant (2) Buildings are illegally occupied (2) Lack of basic services (2) Overcrowding because of its proximity to the CBD (2) Immigrants are attracted due to the low cost of the dwellings (2) Social ills are prevalent (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.4 People will have better quality housing (2) Explain the People will have better access to basic services (2) positive impact of Creates an improved aesthetic appeal (2) gentrification Reduces the crime rate in the area (2) on the transition Area becomes more attractive to tourists (2) zone (P) It will attract more businesses (accept examples) (2) It will create more employment opportunities (2) Property values will increase (2) Rates collected can be used in the maintenance of the area (2) It will create a healthier environment (2) There will be improvements in infrastructure (2) Attracts more affluent people (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 2.1.1 B (1) 2.1.2 C (1) 2.1.3 D (1) 2.1.4 A (1) 2.1.5 B (1) 2.1.6 B (1) 2.1.7 A (1) 2.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 Z (1) 2.2.2 Y (1) 2.2.3 Y (1) 2.2.4 Z (1) 2.2.5 Z (1) 2.2.6 Y (1) 2.2.7 Z (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3 2.3.1 Upward trend/increasing/positive trend (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Climate change (1) According to COVID pandemic (1) the extract what are the Poverty (1) reasons for Wars/conflict (1) the trend on the graph? Global food trade restrictions (1) Reducing SA’s imports (1) Food export bans (1) Increase in food prices/higher inflation rates (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 It forces us to produce our own food (2) What Leads to economic growth (accept examples) (2) positive impact could More jobs are created (2) global food This will upskill people (2) trade restriction Food prices will eventually drop (2) measures Lower inflation rates (2) have on SA? [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 Harsh climatic/weather conditions (climate change, droughts, Explain how thunderstorms, floods and frost) destroy crops (2) TWO physical Lower than average rainfall reduces harvests (2) factors Pests and diseases damage crops (2) negatively impact SA Soil erosion/Poor soil quality decreases the amount of land available food for the cultivation of crops (2) production Desertification reduces the amount of available fertile land (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Harsh climatic/weather conditions (climate change, droughts, thunderstorms, floods and frost (1) Lower than average rainfall (1) Pests and diseases (1) Soil erosion/Poor soil quality (1) Desertification (1) [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] 2.3.5 Facilitate training/upskilling of farmers (2) Suggest Encourage research/scientific farming methods (accept examples) measures that gov can (2) implement to Easier access to funding/economic support (accept examples) (2) support farmers to Accelerate land reform (2) achieve food Support small-scale/large-scale farmers (accept examples) (2) security in SA Shift from subsistence to commercial farming (2) Infrastructure to support agriculture (accept examples) Improve farm security (2) More efficient food storage (accept examples) (2) Promote agricultural processing industries (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4 2.4.1 (Over) 80 (%) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 (a) SOCIAL FACTOR Evidence Labour strikes (1) that platinum production is influenced by: (b) SERVICE DELIVERY FACTOR Access to affordable and reliable electricity (1) Water distribution infrastructure (1) Water security (1) [ANY ONE] (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 North West (1) Mpumalanga (1) Limpopo (1) Free State (1) Gauteng (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 2016 – 2018 upward trend/increased (1) 2020 – 2023 downward trend/decreased (1) (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.5 Creating partnerships/relationships (with communities\mine unions) Suggest regarding labour strikes (accept examples) (2) strategies that gov can Use renewable sources of energy (accept examples) (2) implement to Provision of greater access to basic services (accept examples) (2) address challenges Research relating to platinum mining (accept examples) (2) of platinum production Reduce investors’ fears of nationalisation/ political instability (2) (P) Ensure occupational safety of miners (2) Educate miners on HIV/AIDS (2) Improve infrastructure (accept examples) (2) Engage in profit sharing with mine workers (2) Sustainable minimum wage (2) More advanced technology in mines (2) Upskilling of mineworkers (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 2.5 2.5.1 Sustainable economic growth (1) State ONE Create employment (1) key initiative of SDI To encourage investment (1) Develop physical infrastructure (1) Sustainable development in underdeveloped areas (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Eastern Cape (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 R360,4 million (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.4 Coastline (1) State TWO Beaches (1) physical factors that Warm oceans (1) encourage Landforms (1) tourism in SDI Scenic beauty (1) Large diversity of indigenous fauna/flora (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.5 It would create more employment (2) How would The area would be more accessible to tourists (2) the N2 Wild Coast SDI It would stimulate more economic investment (2) toll road Goods would be able to be transported to and from the area (2) project encourage Bulk transport would be possible (2) eco dev of There would be more opportunities for entrepreneurship (2) the SDI More jobs will create a larger market for goods (2) It will create a multiplier effect (2) There will be upskilling of the labour force (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Traditional and cultural beliefs have restricted the use of certain Explain why land (2) The Wild coast SDI A skills shortage in the secondary and tertiary sector will limit has sustainable development (2) experienced challenges High crime levels due to poverty in the area discourage investment with regard (2) to achieving its key The community has rejected the option of extracting gas from the objectives ocean that would have provided employment/boosted the economy (2) Illegal mining of building sand that has destroyed natural vegetation/forests decreasing tourism (2) Municipal land is illegally sold off below land value that depletes municipal coffers (2) Locals challenged the building of the toll road delaying its completion (2) To protect cultural values and interests, local communities are reluctant to promote tourism (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Traditional and cultural beliefs (1) A skills shortage (1) High crime levels (1) The community has rejected the option of extracting gas (1) Illegal mining of building sand (1) Municipal land is illegally sold off below land value (1) Locals challenged the building of the toll road (1) [MAXIMUM OF THREE MARKS] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 (a) Smaller (1) (1 x 1) (1) (b) The building appears (5 times) larger on the orthophoto map (1) The building appears (5 times) smaller on the topographical map (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Horizontal scale: 1:50 000 (1) VE = 1:2 000 (1) substitution 1:50 000 1 x 50 000 2000 1 25 times (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.1.4 To enable us to see features/ landscapes more clearly (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.5 Area = (4,2 cm x 100) x (3,8 cm x 100) = 420 (1) m x 380 (1) m = 159 600 m² (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 high (income) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Large stands/plots (2) Evidence for Close proximity to golf course (2) a high income area Away from CBD/industrial area/mining (2) at F in block Located in the rural-urban fringe (2) B2 Aesthetic appeal of area (accept examples) (2) High-lying area for good views (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.3 (a) Rural-urban fringe (1) (1 x 1) (1) Give evidence to show that (b) Available flat land (2) the landing Located on the outskirts of the urban area/away from built up strip is ideally area (2) located Noise pollution is less (2) Air pollution is less (2) Cheaper land (2) Sufficient land for expansion/Airport buildings (2) Road access (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.4 Large-scale (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 A large area is being cultivated (2) Evidence for Farm is near water supply (2) large-scale farming in There are farm boundaries (2) C5 and D5 Flat land (2) on the orthophoto Close to market (2) map Close to labour force (2) Close to transport network (2) Farm has a name/Original farm name on the topographical map (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.6 Manufacturing (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Provides employment (2) Why is manufacturing Develop manufacturing skills (2) necessary for economic Increases buying power/multiplier effect (2) development? Produces goods for the domestic/international market (2) Improve infrastructure (2) Supports the primary sector (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 multiple (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 (a) Polygon (1) (1 x 1) (1) (b) (1) (1 mark for drawing the stream) How did integration of spot height and symbol (1 x 1) (1) assist with the location of the dam (c) The height of the land and direction of the river flow will wall? determine the location of the dam wall (2) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Buffer zone /buffering (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 It will protect the river /Klein-Olifantspruit from pollutants being Why is there deposited from the built-up area (2) a need for this vacant It will protect the built- up area from being flooded (2) land? [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) [30] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved