LIFE SCIENCES P2 GR10 MEMO NOV2019_English_hlayiso.com_.pdf

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2019 LIFE SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS : 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D 1.1.2 B 1.1.3 A 1.1.4 A 1.1.5 B 1.1.6 C 1.1.7 B 1.1.8 A 1.1.9 D 1.1.10 C (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Closed 1.2.2 Capillaries 1.2.3 General diastole 1.2.4 pH 1.2.5 Ectothermic 1.2.6 Hibernate 1.2.7 Trophic levels 1.2.8 Nitrate / NO2 (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 None 1.3.2 B only 1.3.3 Both A and B (3 x 2) (6) Copryright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3 1.4 1.4.1 A – Aorta B – Pulmonary artery G – Semilunar valve / pulmonary semilunar valve (3) 1.4.2 C and F (2) 1.4.3 Inferior vena cava (1) 1.4.4 D Septum (2) 1.5 1.5.1 (a) A – Decomposition (1) (b) B – Combustion (1) (c) C – Fossil fuel combustion (1) 1.5.2 Cellular respiration (1) 1.5.3 60 + 60 + 1,1 + 8,4 + 90 – 120 – 90 = 9,5 billion tons of CO2 (3) per year 1.5.4 Global warming (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 160 mm Hg (3) 90 2.1.2 High (1) 2.1.3 A shortage of oxygen supply to the brain from a blood clot or a burst blood vessel (3) 2.1.4 Advanced age High blood pressure High cholesterol Smoking Diabetes (Any 2) (Mark first TWO only) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Nama Karoo (1) 2.2.2 Very hot summers Cold winters Semi-desert with very little rain (3) 2.2.3 Grasses Small shrubs Trees ONLY along rivers (Any 2) (2) 2.2.4 Provide small insects like flies / crickets / grasshoppers To provide the chameleon with food OR Provide a source of water so the chameleon can drink OR A heater / thermostat or keep at high temperatures As Karoo Dwarf Chameleons are adapted to high temperatures / living in the Nama Karoo biome OR Plant a small plant / shrub in the terrarium To provide the chameleon with camouflage (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copryright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5 2.3 2.3.1 (a) Number of Watsonia flowers that opened (1) (b) Light intensity (1) 2.3.2 Give the Watsonias the same amount of water OR Same type of soil / same amount of soil / count buds at same time of day (1) 2.3.3 He could have set up 5 more pots of Watsonias on the lawn with no shade cloth (2) 2.3.4 Percentage increase 9−5 = × 100 5 4 = × 100 5 = 80% (3) 2.3.5 The higher the light intensity more flower buds will open OR The lower the light intensity fewer flower buds will open (2) 2.3.6 Number of flower buds opening on Watsonia plants in four different enclosures over four weeks in 35 October Number of flower buds open 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 (25% shade) 2 (50% shade) 3 (75% shade) 4 (100% shade) Enclosure Number Mark Allocation Type Caption Label (X and Y) Scale Plotting 1–3 bars correct All bars correct (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 2.4 2.4.1 (a) Grass (1) (b) Springbok / Zebra (1) 2.4.2 There would be fewer predators Which would cause there to be more springbok and zebra This would lead to an increase in the lion population (3) [40] Copryright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Order – Carnivora Family – Felidae (2) 3.1.2 Panthera uncia (lowercase ‘u’) both underlined separately (2) 3.1.3 Five /5 (1) 3.1.4 It has cells with a true nucleus / DNA enclosed in a membrane organelles in the cytoplasm (1) 3.1.5 Mode of nutrition – Heterotrophic Method of reproduction – Sexual (2) 3.1.6 Dichotomous key / Biological key / Verbal key (1) 3.2 3.2.1 Cenozoic Quaternary (2) 3.2.2 190 + 140 = 165 MYA (2) 2 3.2.3 There was a rapid increase in the number of species on earth (2) 3.2.4 Large amounts of dust and ash after an eruption could block out the sun’s rays leading to less photosynthesis and therefore less O2 and food It could also cause the cooling of the atmosphere Since the dinosaurs could not adapt to the change in climate they went extinct (Any 5 x 1) (5) 3.2.5 The sixth / 6th mass extinction * Threats to biodiversity: Habitat destruction Planting of invasive / alien species Pollution Over-exploitation of resources Over-use of fertilisers and pesticides Trading in endangered species Poaching and hunting (*compulsory 1 + Any 2 threats) (Mark first TWO threats only) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 3.3 3.3.1 Gondwanaland (1) 3.3.2 Biogeography (1) 3.3.3 Flightless birds like the rhea and ostrich may have developed from a common ancestor that lived on the same continent /Gondwanaland Both birds became separated when South America and Africa broke apart due to continental drift (Any 3) (3) 3.3.4 Looking at the continents through time we see that the arctic was never near the Antarctic Since they are both adapted to cold they were both unable to cross the temperate / tropical / warm areas that separated them And so they remained separated (Any 4) (4) 3.4 3.4.1 National Heritage Site – Cradle of Humankind Caves – Sterkfontein Caves (2) 3.4.2 It creates jobs It is a source of income (2) 3.4.3 Glossopteris (Correct name) Correct format (Capital ‘G’ and underlined) (2) 3.4.4 Trilobites (1) 3.4.5 Coelacanth (1) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80 Copryright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9 SECTION C QUESTION 4 Fossil Formation The organism (plant or animal) dies and is rapidly covered in sediment either on land or at the bottom of a lake / river / sea The soft tissue decay due to bacteria / micro-organisms / decomposers while the hard parts of the body / bones / shells remain in tact Organic material is replaced by minerals Further layers of sediment cover the remains over many years causing the layers to compact / compress The sediment solidifies to form sedimentary rock / shale / limestone / sandstone Max. 10 (10) Relative Dating Scientists study the layers of rock above and below a fossil To compare it to other fossils /geological events knowing that fossils found below are older while fossils found above are younger This is not a very accurate method Because it does not tell us the exact age of fossil Scientists may also use index fossils to help date other fossils. Max. 4 (4) Becoming Discovered Sedimentary rocks are pushed to the surface by the movement of the earth / geological forces / earthquakes / volcanos / plate movement Over many centuries / a long period of time fossils become exposed due to erosion / or human activities / mining Max. 3 (3) Content: (17) Synthesis: (3) (20) NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or diagrams. Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) ASSESSING OF THE ESSAY Relevance (R) Logical Sequence (L) Comprehensive (C) All information Ideas are arranged in a All aspects required by provided is relevant to logical/cause-effect the essay have been the topic. sequence. sufficiently addressed. All the information All the information regarding: At least the following provided is relevant to: points should be included: Fossil formation Fossil formation Fossil formation (F) How fossils become How fossils become (7/10) discovered discovered Relative dating Relative dating Relative dating methods is methods (R) (2/4) methods arranged in a logical manner. How fossils are There is no irrelevant discovered (H) (2/3) information. 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark TOTAL SECTION C: 20 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copryright reserved Please turn over