Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC Supplementary 2012 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NASIONALE SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT GRADE/GRAAD 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2) FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2) FEBRUARY/MARCH/FEBRUARIE/MAART 2012 MEMORANDUM MARKS/PUNTE: 150 This memorandum consists of 15 pages. Hierdie memorandum bestaan uit 15 bladsye. Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards Leeruitkomste en Assesseringstandaarde LO/LU 1 LO/LU 2 LO/LU 3 AS 12.1.1: AS 12.2.1: AS 12.3.1: Design, plan and conduct a Define, discuss and explain Research, discuss, compare and scientific inquiry to collect data prescribed scientific knowledge. evaluate scientific and systematically with regard to Definieer, bespreek en indigenous knowledge systems accuracy, reliability and the need verduidelik voorgeskrewe and knowledge claims by to control variables. wetenskaplike kennis. indicating the correlation among Ontwerp, beplan en voer ʼn them, and explain the wetenskaplike ondersoek uit om acceptance of different claims. data te versamel ten opsigte van Doen navorsing, bespreek, akkuraatheid, betroubaarheid en vergelyk en evalueer die kontroleer van veranderlikes. wetenskaplike en inheemse kennissisteme en kennisaansprake deur die ooreenkoms aan te dui en verduidelik die aanvaarding van verskillende aansprake. AS 12.1.2: AS 12.2.2: AS 12.3.2: Seek patterns and trends, Express and explain prescribed Research case studies and represent them in different forms, scientific principles, theories, present ethical and moral explain the trends, use scientific models and laws by indicating arguments from different reasoning to draw and evaluate the relationship between different perspectives to indicate the conclusions, and formulate facts and concepts in own words. impact (pros and cons) of generalisations. Verduidelik en druk different scientific and Soek patrone en tendense, stel voorgeskrewe wetenskaplike technological applications. dit in verskillende vorms voor, beginsels, teorieë, modelle en Vors gevallestudies na en lewer verduidelik tendense, gebruik wette uit deur die verwantskap etiese en morele argumente uit wetenskaplike beredenering om tussen verskillende feite en verskillende perspektiewe om die gevolgtrekkings te maak en te konsepte in eie woorde aan te impak (voordele en nadele) van evalueer, en formuleer dui. verskillende wetenskaplike en veralgemenings. tegnologiese toepassings aan te dui. AS 12.1.3: AS 12.2.3: AS 12.3.3: Select and use appropriate Apply scientific knowledge in Evaluate the impact of scientific problem-solving strategies to everyday life contexts. and technological research and solve (unseen) problems. Pas wetenskaplike kennis in indicate the contribution to the Kies en gebruik geskikte kontekste van die alledaagse management, utilisation and probleemoplossingstrategieë om lewe toe. development of resources to (ongesiene) probleme op te los. ensure sustainability continentally and globally. Evalueer die impak van wetenskaplike en tegnologiese navorsing en dui die bydrae tot bestuur, benutting en ontwikkeling van bronne om volhoubaarheid kontinentaal en globaal te verseker. AS 12.1.4: Communicate and defend scientific arguments with clarity and precision. Kommunikeer en verdedig wetenskaplike argumente duidelik en presies. Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 3 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum SECTION A/AFDELING A QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1 1.1 Functional group/Funksionele groep  (1) 1.2 Hydrohalogenation/Hidrohalogenering of hidrohalogenasie  (1) 1.3 Activation energy/Aktiveringsenergie  (1) 1.4 Salt bridge/Soutbrug  (1) 1.5 Primary (cells)/Primêre (selle)  (1) [5] QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2 2.1 C  (2) 2.2 B  (2) 2.3 C  (2) 2.4 D  (2) 2.5 C  (2) 2.6 A  (2) 2.7 B  (2) 2.8 C  (2) 2.9 D  (2) 2.10 D  (2) [20] TOTAL SECTION A: 25 Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 4 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum SECTION B/AFDELING B QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3 3.1 Alkanes/Alkane  (1) 3.2 2,4-dimethylhexane  2,4-dimetielheksaan  (2) 3.3 4-fluoro-3-methylcyclopentene  4-fluoro-3-metielsiklopenteen  4-fluoor-3-metielsiklopenteen  (2) 3.4 4-methylpent-2-yne  OR 4-methyl-2-pentyne  4-metielpent-2-yn  OF 4-metiel-2-pentyn  (2) 3.5 H H H H H O  H C C C C C C OH H H H H H (2) [9] QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4 4.1 4.1.1 (An organic) compound/substance/ molecule which contains/consists of carbon and hydrogen (atoms only).  ('n Organiese) verbinding/stof/ molekuul wat slegs uit koolstof- en waterstof(atome) bestaan.  (2) 4.1.2 C5H12  (1) 4.1.3 Any TWO: Speeds up the reaction/Increase reaction rate.  Reaction runs at a lower temperature/energy.  Cost is reduced/better safety. Enige TWEE: Versnel die reaksie./Verhoog reaksietempo.  Reaksie verloop by laer temperatuu/energie.  Koste word verminder/groter veiligheid. (2) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 5 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 4.1.4 H H H H C C C C  H H H H C H H (2) 4.1.5 Addition/hydrogenation  Addisie/hidrogenering (1) 4.2 4.2.1 Compounds have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.  Verbindings het dieselfde molekulêre formule, maar verskillende struktuurformules.  (2) 4.2.2 From A to C:/Van A na C: Boiling points decrease from A to C.  Kookpunte verminder van A na C. Branching increases./Molecules become more compact./Molecules become more spherical./Decrease in surface area (over which the intermolecular forces act.)  Decrease in (strength) of intermolecular forces.  Less energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces.  Vertakking vermeerder./Molekule word meer kompak./Molekule word meer sferies./Afname in oppervlak (waaroor intermolekulêre kragte werk.)  Afname in (sterkte) van intermolekulêre kragte.  Minder energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom.  OR/OF From C to A:/Van C na A: Boiling points increase from C to A.  Kookpunte verhoog van C na A. Less branching./Molecules become less compact./Molecules become less spherical./Increase in surface area (over which intermolecular forces act.)  Increase in (strength) of intermolecular forces.  More energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces.  Vertakking verminder./Molekule word minder kompak./Molekule word minder sferies./Toename in oppervlak (waaroor intermolekulêre kragte werk.)  Toename in (sterkte) van intermolekulêre kragte.  Meer energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom.  (4) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 6 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 4.2.3 (Branched chains have weaker intermolecular forces) therefore they (burn) react faster.  Vertakte kettings het swakker intermolekulêre kragte) Dus (brand) reageer hulle vinniger.  OR/OF Branched chains have higher vapour pressures.  Vertakte kettings het hoër dampdrukke.  (2) [16] QUESTION 5/VRAAG 5 5.1 5.1.1 Ellimination/dehydrohalogenation/dehydrobromination  Eliminasie/dehidrohalogenering/dehidrobrominering  (1) 5.1.2 Heat  Concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/Concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH)/Concentrated strong base  OR sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/potassium hydroxide (KOH)/strong base dissolved in ethanol/alcohol Hitte  Gekonsentreerde natriumhidroksied (NaOH)/Gekonsentreerde kalium- hidroksied (KOH)/Gekonsentreerde sterk basis  OF natriumhidroksied kaliumhidroksied/NaOH/KOH/sterk basis opgelos in etanol/ alkohol) OR/OF Hot  ethanolic sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/KOH/NaOH  Warm  etanoliese natriumhidroksied/kaliumhidroksied/KOH/NaOH  (2) 5.1.3 H H C H H H  H C C C O H  H H H C H H (2) 5.1.4 H2O/water  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 5.1.5 Addition/Hydration  (1) Addisie/Hidrasie  5.2 5.2.1 Ethanol/etanol  (2) 5.2.2 Catalyst/katalisator  Accept/Aanvaar: Dehydrating agent/Dehidreermiddel (1) 5.2.3   H H  H H H H H O H H H H H O H H  H H H C C C C C C O H + H C C O H H C C C C C C O C C H + O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (6) 5.2.4 Alcohols are flammable/volatile/catch fire easily.  Alkohole is (ont)vlambaar/vlugtig/brand maklik.  (1) 5.2.5 (Food) flavourant/(Voedsel)geurmiddel  (1) [18] QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6 6.1 Amount of reactants used per unit time.  Hoeveelheid reaktanse gebruik per eenheid tyd OR/OF Amount of products formed per unit time. Hoeveelheid produkte gevorm per eenheid tyd. OR/OF Change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time. Verandering in konsentrasie van reaktanse of produkte per eenheid tyd. (2) 6.2 To ensure that (nearly) all zinc is used up./Zinc is a limiting reagent.  Om seker te maak (feitlik) alle sink word opgebruik./Sink is 'n beperkende reagens.  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 6.3 Criteria for hypothesis: Mark Kriteria vir hipotese: Punt The dependent and independent variables correctly identified.  _ Die afhanklike en onafhanklike veranderlikes is korrek geïdentifiseer. Made a prediction/statement about the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.  Maak 'n voorspelling/stelling oor die verwantskap tussen die afhanklike en onafhanklike veranderlikes. Examples/Voorbeelde: • Reaction rate increases with increase in concentration. Reaksietempo neem toe met toename in konsentrasie. • Reaction rate decreases with decrease in concentration. Reaksietempo neem af met afname in konsentrasie. • Reaction rate is directly proportional to concentration. Reaksietempo is direk eweredig aan konsentrasie. • The higher the concentration the faster the rate of the reaction. Hoe hoër die konsentrasie, hoe vinniger is die reaksietempo. • Reaction rate increases with decrease in concentration. Reaksietempo verhoog met afname in konsentrasie. • Reaction rate decreases with deceases in concentration. Reaksietempo verlaag met toename in konsentrasie. • Reaction rate is inversely proportional to concentration. • Reaksietempo is omgekeerd eweredig aan konsentrasie. • The higher the concentration the lower the rate of the reaction. Hoe hoër die konsentrasie, hoe laer is die reaksietempo. (2) 6.4 To make it a fair test./Om dit 'n regverdige toets te maak.  OR/OF Ensure validity/reliability of results.  Verseker betroubaarheid van resultate.  OR/OF So that the contact/surface area may not influence the reaction rate./The surface area must not change. Sodat die (kontak)oppervlak nie die reaksietempo beïnvloed nie./Die oppervlak moenie verander nie. OR/OF It is the controlled variable./Dit is die gekontroleerde veranderlike. OR/OF To ensure there is only one independent variable. Om te verseker daar is slegs een onafhanklike veranderlike. (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 6.5 Number of moles used/Aantal mol gebruik = 0,1 – 0,08 = 0,02 mol  m n=  M m 0,02 =  65 m = 1,3 g (4) 6.6 POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 6.5 TO 6.6 POSITIEWE NASIEN VAN VRAAG 6.5 TOT 6.6 mass Zn used Average rate = time taken 1,3 =  60 = 0,02 g⋅s-1  (0,022 g or 0,0217 g) (2) 6.7 Marks/ Criteria for graph/Kriteria vir grafiek Punte amount of Zn (mol) Graph P has a steeper slope than the original graph.  Grafiek P het 'n steiler gradiënt as oorspronklike grafiek. Graph P intercepts with the x axis earlier than original graph.  Grafiek P sny die x-as vroeër as die oorspronklike grafiek. aantal mol Zn (mol) P time/tyd (s) (2) [14] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 10 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7 7.1 Fertilisers replenish nutrients  depleted by growing of crops.  Kunsmis vul voedingstowwe aan  wat deur groeiende gewasse uitgeput is.  (2) 7.2 Any ONE/Enige een: • Damage to crops/soil  resulting in small or no harvest./less income.  Skade aan gewasse/grond  wat tot klein of geen oeste lei./kleiner inkomste lei.  • Excessive fertiliser seeps into groundwater  and contaminates drinking water.  Oormaat kunsmis syfer in grondwater in  en kontamineer drinkwater.  • Excessive fertiliser run-off into rivers and dams and cause eutrophication  that may result in less income./starvation./poor quality of drinking water./ fewer recreation areas.  Oormaat kunsmis loop in riviere en damme in en veroorsaak eutrofikasie  wat kan lei tot kleiner inkomste./hongersnood./swak kwaliteit drinkwater./ minder ontspanningsgebiede.  (2) 7.3 7.3.1 Contact process/Kontakproses  (1) 7.3.2 V2O5/vanadium pentoxide/vanadiumpentoksied  (1) 7.3.3 Exothermic/Eksotermies  ∆H < 0  (2) 7.3.4 (NH4)2SO4 /ammonium sulphate/ammoniumsulfaat  (2) 7.3.5 ANY THREE: Decrease temperature  Increase pressure  Increase concentration of both/any one of reactants.  Remove SO3 continuously ENIGE DRIE: Afname in temperatuur  Toename in druk  Toename in konsentrasie van beide/enige een van reaktanse  Verwyder SO3 aanhoudend (3) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 7.3.6 CALCULATIONS USING NUMBER OF MOLES BEREKENINGE WAT AANTAL MOL GEBRUIK Mark allocation: • Change in n(SO3) = 0,2 (mol)  • Ratio n(SO2) : n(O2) : n(SO3) = 2 : 1: 2  • n(SO2) at equilibrium = initial + change  • n(O2) at equilibrium = initial + change  • Divide three equilibrium amounts by 2 (calculation of concentration)  • Kc expression • Substitution into Kc expression • Final answer = 0,21  Puntetoekenning: • Verandering in n(SO3) = 0,2 (mol)  • Verhouding n(SO2) : n(O2) : n(SO3) = 2 : 1: 2  • n(SO2) by ewewig = aanvanklik + verandering  • n(O2) by ewewig = aanvanklik + verandering  • Deel drie ewewigshoeveelhede deur 2 (berekening van konsentrasie)  • Kc-uitdrukking  • Vervanging in Kc-uitdrukking  • Finale antwoord = 0,21  Option 1/Opsie 1: Amount of SO3 reacted/Hoeveelheid SO3 wat reageer = 0,2 mol  n(SO2 formed/gevorm) = 0,2 mol Ratio/verhouding  n(O2 formed) = ½ n(SO3 formed) = 0,1 mol At equilibrium/By ewewig: n(SO2) = 0,6 + 0,2 = 0,8 mol  n(O2) = 0,5 + 0,1 = 0,6 mol  n 0,2 c(SO3) = = = 0,1 mol·dm-3 V 2 n 0,8  divide by/gedeel deur 2 c(SO2) = = = 0,4 mol·dm-3 V 2 n 0,6 c(O2) = = = 0,3 mol·dm-3 V 2 + [SO 3 ]2 (0,1) 2 Kc =  =  = 0,21  (0,208) [SO 2 ]2 [O 2 ] (0,4) 2 (0,3) No KC expression, correct substitution: Geen Kc-uitdrukking, korrekte vervanging: Max./Maks. 7 8 Wrong KC expression/Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 5 8 Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 12 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum Option 2/Opsie 2: SO2 O2 SO3 Molar ratio/Molverhouding 2 1 2 Initial quantity (mol) 0,6 0,5 0,4 Aanvanklike hoeveelheid (mol) Ratio/verhouding  Change (mol)/Verandering (mol) 0,2 0,1 0,2  Quantity at equilibrium (mol) 0,8  0,6  0,2 Hoeveelheid by ewewig (mol) Concentration (mol∙dm-3) Divide by 2 0,4 0,3 0,1 Konsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Gedeel deur 2  Kc = [SO 3 ] 2  = (0,1) 2  +0,21  (0,208) = [SO 2 ] 2 [O 2 ] (0,4) 2 (0,3) No KC expression, correct substitution: Geen Kc-uitdrukking, korrekte vervanging: Max./Maks. 7 8 Wrong KC expression/Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 5 8 CALCULATIONS USING CONCENTRATION BEREKENINGE WAT KONSENTRASIE GEBRUIK Mark allocation: • Divide three intial amounts by 2 (calculation of concentration)  • Change in [SO3] = 0,2 (mol∙dm-3)  • Ratio [SO2] : [O2] : [SO3] = 2 : 1: 2  • [SO2] at equilibrium = initial + change  • [O2] at equilibrium = initial + change  • Kc expression  • Substitution into Kc expression  • Final answer = 0,21  Puntetoekenning: • Deel drie aanvangshoeveelhede deur 2 (berekening van konsentrasie)  • Verandering in [SO3] = 0,2 (mol∙dm-3)  • Verhouding [SO2] : [O2] : [SO3] = 2 : 1: 2  • [SO2] by ewewig = aanvanklik + verandering  • [O2] by ewewig = aanvanklik + verandering  • Kc-uitdrukking  • Vervanging in Kc-uitdrukking  • Finale antwoord = 0,21  Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 13 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum Option 3/Opsie 3: SO2 O2 SO3 Molar ratio/molverhouding 2 1 2 Initial concentration (mol∙dm-3) Divide by 2  0,3 0,25 Aanvanklike konsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) 0,2 Gedeel deur 2 Change in concentration (mol∙dm-3) Ratio/ 0,1 0,05 0,1  Verhouding  Verandering in konsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Equilibrium concentration (mol∙dm-3) 0,4 0,3 0,1 Ewewigskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) [SO 3 ] 2 (0,1) 2 + Kc =  =  = 0,21  (0,208) [SO 2 ] 2 [O 2 ] (0,4) 2 (0,3) No KC expression, correct substitution: Geen Kc-uitdrukking, korrekte vervanging: Max./Maks. 7 8 Wrong KC expression/Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 5 8 (8) [21] QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8 8.1 Temperature/Temperatuur – 25 °C/298 K  Concentration (of electrolytes)/Konsentrasie (van elektroliete) = 1 mol·dm-3  (2) 8.2 Emf/potential difference  Emk/potensiaalverskil  (1) 8.3 8.3.1 (Half-cell/Halfsel) A  (1) 8.3.2 (Half-cell/Halfsel) B  (1) 8.4 (Combination/Kombinasie) AB  (1) 8.5 8.5.1 Magnesium/Mg  Is oxidised/loses electrons/increase in oxidation number/stronger reducing agent.  Word geoksideer/verloor elektrone/toename in oksidasiegetal/sterker reduseermiddel.  (2) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 14 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum 8.5.2 Option 1/Opsie 1: Option 2/Opsie 2: Eocell = Eocathode – Eoanode  = -0,13 - (-2,36)  Mg → Mg2+ + 2e- E° = + 2,36  o  Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb E° = - 0,13  E anode = 2,23 V  E° = 2,23 V  (4) 8.5.3 Increases/Vermeerder  (2) 8.5.4 Allows for the migration of positive ions to the cathode half-cell.  Laat migrasie van positiewe ione na die katodehalfsel toe. Allows for the migration of negative ions to the anode half-cell.  Laat migrasie van negatiewe ione na die anodehalfsel toe. (2) [16] QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9 9.1 DC/GS (1) 9.2 Free ions needed to conduct electricity.  Vrye ione benodig om elektrisiteit te gelei.  (1) 9.3 Cathode/Katode  Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu  (3) 9.4 Cu → Cu2++ 2e-  (2) 9.5 Pt is a weaker reducing agent  (than Cu) and will not be oxidised.  Pt is 'n swakker reduseermiddel (as Cu)  en sal nie geoksideer word nie.  OR/OF Cu is a stronger reducing agent (than Pt) and will be oxidised. Cu is 'n sterker reduseermiddel (as Pt) en sal geöksideer word. (2) 9.6 Remains the same/Bly dieselfde  The rate at which Cu is oxidised at the anode equals the rate at which Cu2+(aq) is reduced at the cathode.  Die tempo waarteen Cu geoksideer word by die anode is gelyk aan die tempo waarteen Cu2+(aq) gereduseer word by die katode.  (3) [12] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Physical Science/P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 15 DBE/Feb.–Mar./Mrt. 2012 NSC/NSS – Memorandum QUESTION 10/VRAAG 10 10.1 NaCℓ /Na+(aq) & Cℓ-(aq) (1) 10.2 Y (1) 10.3 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-  (2) 10.4 The membrane  prevents chloride ions from moving to the cathode/only allows positive ions.  Die membraan  verhoed dat chloriedione (Cℓ--ione) na die katode beweeg/laat slegs positiewe ione deur.  (2) 10.5 10.5.1 Job creation  resulting in more people having a better life.  Werkskepping  wat tot 'n beter lewe vir meer mense lei.  (2) 10.5.2 Use huge amounts of electricity  resulting in load shedding  Gebruik groot hoeveelhede elektrisiteit  wat tot beurtkrag lei.  OR/OF Chemical plant uses a lot of space  that could have been used for housing/gardens, etc.  Chemiese plant gebruik baie spasie  (2) wat andersins vir bou van huise/tuine, ens. gebruik kon word.  [10] QUESTION 11 11.1 A More positive reduction potential./Larger reduction potential.  Meer positiewe reduksiepotensiaal./Groter reduksiepotensiaal.  (2) 11.2 HgO(s) + Zn(s) → Hg(ℓ ) + ZnO(s)  Bal.  (3) 11.3 Zn  Oxidation number increases from 0 to +2  and is thus oxidised. Oksidasiegetal neem toe van 0 tot +2 en word dus geöksideer. (2) 11.4 Mercury is poisonous/corrosive when in contact with skin  May contaminate ground water/water resources/soil/crops.  Kwik is giftig/vretend wanneer dit in kontak kom met die vel.  Kan die grondwater/waterbronne/grond/gewasse kontamineer.  (2) [9] TOTAL SECTION B/TOTAAL AFDELING B: 125 GRAND TOTAL/GROOTTOTAAL: 150 Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou