Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 EC June 2019 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 JUNE 2019 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2019) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 A  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 D  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 None  1.2.2 Both A and B  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 A only  1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Bloating/Bloat  1.3.2 Osteomalacia  1.3.3 Diagnosis  1.3.4 Superovulation  1.3.5 Hermaphroditism  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Proteolytic  1.4.2 Endemic  1.4.3 Mitochondria/Mitochondrion  1.4.4 Lactation  1.4.5 Sterility  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 A representation of the alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Identification of A and C  A: Oesophageal groove  (1)  C: Omasum  (1) 2.1.2 Explanation of the main function of part A in DIAGRAM 1  It directs the milk to the abomasum  (1) 2.1.3 Identification of the true stomach  D (1) 2.1.4 Justification for not feeding urea or biuret to young ruminants  Its fore-stomachs (rumen, reticulum and omasum) are still underdeveloped  with very few or no micro-organism to assist in digesting  urea and biuret. (2) 2.2 The part of the alimentary canals of farm animals 2.2.1 Identification of A A: Villi / Villus  (1) 2.2.2 TWO reasons visible to support adaptation of villi for absorption  There are many folds that increase surface area for absorption   The folds are covered with thousands of villi which increases surface area for absorption   Each villus is covered with micro-villi which further increases surface area   Presence of blood vessels   Presence of lymphatic vessels  (Any 1 x 2) (2) 2.3 The name of the diseases caused by a deficiency of vitamin/mineral in lambs 2.3.1 Swayback / Anaemia  (1) 2.3.2 Muscular dystrophy / White muscle / Stiff lamb disease  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2019) 2.4 Energy flow diagram 2.4.1 Energy type represented by A and B  A: Digestible energy / DE   B: Metabolised energy / ME / Metabolisable  (2) 2.4.2 (a) The amount of energy left for production and maintenance in joules  Net energy is 40% (Net) of 1 250 j (Gross Energy) 40  Net energy = x 1 250 j  100 = 500 j  (2) (b) Total energy losses in kilojoules Total energy losses = (30%) + (5%) + (5%) + (20%) = 60% of 1 250 j = 750 j  750 j =  = 0,75 Kj  (3) 1 000 2.5 The Pearson square 2.5.1 (Maize meal): 8% 23  (parts) (39 – 16 = 23)   16%    (Soya bean meal): 39% 8  (parts) (16 – 8 = 8) The ratio of maize meal to soya bean meal is 23 : 8  (4) 2.5.2 Formulation of 1 500 kg swine ration:  The ratio into which feeds should be mixed is 23 : 8 (maize meal to soya bean meal) = 23 + 8 = 31  Quantity of maize meal in Quantity of soya bean meal in mixture mixture 23 8 Maize meal = x 1 500 kg  Soya bean meal = x 1 500 kg  31 31 = 1112,9 / 1113 kg  = 387,1 / 387 kg  (5) 2.5.3 Reason for a high protein requirement in piglets  Growth and production   Provision of antibodies for immunity against diseases   Repairing of body tissues  (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 2.6 Fodder-flow: 2.6.1 The number of months during which there will be less feed available than required by the animals  5 months  (1) 2.6.2 Calculation of the surplus amount of feed during the month of October in kilograms (kg)  55 tons – 20 tons = 35 tons   35 tons x 1000  = 35 000 kg  (3) 2.6.3 TWO strategies a farmer can apply to make sure that the required feed balances feed available  Culling   Controlled calving   Producing more food at particular times   Storage  (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2019) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal production systems 3.1.1 Identification production systems  FARM A: Intensive production system   FARM B: Extensive production system  (2) 3.1.2 Justification for QUESTION 3.1.1 FARM A: Intensive production system  Many animals in small area (high density)   High capital investment   Labour intensive   Use of sophisticated technology  (Any 1) (1) FARM B: Extensive production system  Few animals occupied a large area (low density)   Low capital investment   Very few labour employed   Minimal or no technology use  (Any 1) (1) 3.1.3 Examples of an intensive production system Piggery / Broilers / Layers / Sheep / Boer goats  (Any 1) (1) 3.1.4 Differentiation between: Subsistence farming: Farming in small quantities to meet the needs of their families and sell the surplus  Commercial farming: Farming in large quantities in order to make profit  (2) 3.2 Scenario on animal body temperature 3.2.1 Indication of the situation at points A and B Point A:  Cold stress / extremely cold / very cold  (1) Point B:  Heat stress / extremely hot / very hot  (1) 3.2.2 Description of how the situation affects feeding and milk production in dairy cows Point A:  They eat more to keep themselves warm  resulting in low milk production  Point B:  Animals eat less feed  and milk production decreases  (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 3.2.3 Recommended measures: Point A:  Provision of shelter / heaters / air conditioners  (Any 1) Point B:  Provision of shelter / air conditioners / misting  Provision of enough water  (Any 1) (2) 3.3 Completion of the table  A: Elastrator with elastic rings / knife / blade   B: Ear tag pliers / Ear tag applicator   C: Elastrator with elastic rings  (3) 3.4 Scenario 3.4.1 Micro-organism responsible for the disease Bacteria  (1) 3.4.2 Statement stating that Bovine TB is a zoonotic diseases It can be transmitted from animals to humans as well as to other animals  (1) 3.4.3 TWO examples of zoonotic diseases  Anthrax   Rabies   Ringworm  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.4 TWO symptoms of animals with TB  Respiratory tract problems / increased rate of breathing   Pneumonia symptoms   Chronic cough   Fever  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.5 TWO methods to prevent and control the spread of TB  Disinfecting of premises   Vaccination   Quarantine   Eradication programme  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2019) 3.4.6 Table: Reported cases of improvement in TB infections presented as a percentage for six years Years Infection improvement (%) 2009 5 2010 15 2011 25 2012 35 2013 45 2014 50 Criteria for marking  Correct heading/title   Populated table   Labelling: Years and Infections improvement   Data correctly captured in both columns of the table   Correct units: Percentage (%)  (5) 3.5 TWO preventative /control measures of internal parasites  Good management / rotational grazing / avoid wet areas   Good nutrition   Use of feeders   Provision of clean water   Prevent overstocking   Separate young and adult animals   Strict hygiene / Strict sanitary measures / removal of dung   Breeding resistant animals   Deworming  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 TWO roles of state in animal protection  Quarantine services   Enforce legislation   Movement permits   Import bans   Veterinary services   Importation of vaccines   Research  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/JUNE 2019) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The reproductive system of a cow 4.1.1 Identification of parts  G: Infundibulum   F: Oviduct / Fallopian tubes   B: Vulva  (3) 4.1.2 Matching functions with the letter (a) E  (b) C / B  (c) D  (3) 4.1.3 Name and letter of the part Clitoris:  A (2) 4.2 Sperm morphology 4.2.1 Identification  E (1) 4.2.2 Naming of the process  Spermatogenesis  (1) 4.2.3 Explanation of how sperm cells A and G can cause infertility in a bull A: The sperm cannot move to the point of fertilisation  (1) G: The sperm cannot fertilise the egg cell  (1) 4.2.4 TWO characteristics of good quality semen  It must be viable   Thick whitish to yellow fluid   It must have normal morphology   Should have no odour   Must have good sperm concentration   Correct pH   High motility rate  (Any 2) (2) 4.3 Oestrus cycle graph 4.3.1 Name of the hormone labelled C Progesterone  (1) 4.3.2 Indication of the stage of oestrus  Di-oestrus  Reason  It is the longest / it lasts longer   High levels of progesterone  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 Process represented by A  Ovulation  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (EC/JUNE 2019) 4.3.4 TWO visible signs of a cow on oestrus  Vulva is swollen with reddish mucus membranes   Mucus strings visible from the vulva   Jumps on other cows / allows other cows to jump on her   Scratch marks and dirt on the side and back   Allows mating with the bull  (Any 2) (2) 4.4 Re-arranged stages of mating  Erection of the penis   Mounting   Gaining intromission into the vagina   Ejaculation of semen into vagina  (4) 4.5 Table of different processes (a) 2  (b) 3  (c) 1  (3) 4.6 Stages of parturition 4.6.1 Stages of parturition A: Preparatory stage  D: Ejection stage  (2) 4.6.2 TWO visible signs of parturition  Restlessness / walking around   Urinates and defecates often   Cow isolates itself   Vulva enlarges   String of mucus hangs from the vulva   Teats tight and swollen / milk drops  (Any 2) (2) 4.7 Milk production graph 4.7.1 Name of the graph  Lactation curve / Milk production curve  (1) 4.7.2 Identification of the range of days  30 to 60 days  (1) 4.7.3 TWO factors influencing the production of milk during the peak period  Age of cow   Pregnancy inhibits milk production   Increased levels of oestrogen   Climatic conditions   Proper nutrition   Number of times the cow is milked  (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over

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