Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2014 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2014 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (SEPTEMBER 2014) SECTION A QUESTION 1.1 QUESTION 1.2 1.1.1 D √√ 1.2.1 D √√ 1.1.2 C √√ 1.2.2 E √√ 1.1.3 B √√ 1.2.3 A √√ 1.1.4 A √√ 1.2.4 F √√ 1.1.5 A √√ 1.2.5 C √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.1.6 B √√ 1.1.7 B √√ 1.1.8 C √√ 1.1.9 C √√ 1.1.10 A √√ (10 x 2) (20) QUESTION 1.3 QUESTION 1.4 1.3.1 Grading/classification √√ 1.4.1 processing/value adding √ 1.3.2 Management √√ 1.4.2 cloning √ 1.3.3 Entrepreneur √√ 1.4.3 land √ 1.3.4 Atavism √√ 1.4.4 homozygous √ 1.3.5 Capital √√ 1.4.5 co-dominance √ (5 x 2) (10) (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2014) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 2.1.1 Marketing system Co-operative marketing/pool system √ (1) 2.1.2 Principles for formation marketing system  Voluntary and open membership √  Democratic member control √  Members’ economic participation √  Autonomy and independence √  Education, training and information √  Concern for the community √ (Any 3) (3) 2.1.3 Reasons for recommending marketing system  It meets market requirements for volume and consistent supply √  Potential for growth √  Improves economies of scale through pooling resources √  Bargaining power/allows better negotiating for good price √  Access to professional expertise. √  Eliminating the middle man √  Bulk purchasing of inputs is made possible. √  Branding/members can develop a brand for the produce that make them more visible to potential buyers. √  Access to funding. √ (Any 3) (3) 2.2 2.2.1 Costs associated with transportation  Production cost √  Product preparation √  Packaging costs √  Transportation costs√  Product loss cost √  Storage cost √  Processing cost √  Fees, taxes and commissions √ (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (SEPTEMBER 2014) 2.2.2 Measures to streamline and improve agricultural business  Improving road infrastructure in rural areas to facilitate marketing √  Improving access to market information (the internet, cellphones) √  Improving storage facilities for agricultural produce to prevent oversupply. √  Providing access to finance to cover workshop capital and infrastructure needs. √  Using cold storage and refrigerated transport to prevent spoilage and high pricing√  Marketing collectively by combining loads with other producers, to meet market demands for volume and reduce transport cost. √  Processing products close to where they are produced to reduce the transportation costs associated with relatively low-value items. √ (Any 3) (3) 2.3 2.3.1 Methods to promote products  Advertisement √ e.g. newspapers/television/radio/magazines/bus boarding/billboards √  In-store promotions √ e.g. free taste test/free samples of products/giveaways √  Direct mailing √ e.g. email/postal services/mobile phones/mobile messages √  Trade fairs and exhibitions √ e.g. agricultural show/mounted stall shows √  Personal selling √ e.g. interpersonal influence/promotional presentation on a person-to-person basis. √ (Any 2) (4) 2.3.2 Factors to consider in setting price of products  Cost – When you know how much it costs to produce something you can decide on the minimum price at which you can sell it to make money √  Demand – There must be a demand for what you are selling, or it will not sell, no matter the price. √  Competition – If there are many goods like yours on the market, you have to decide whether to cut your costs or target a specific sector. √ (3) 2.4 2.4.1 Interpretation of the law of supply As the price of a good rises, √ the quantity supplied of the good rises. √/As the price of a good falls, √ the quantity supplied of a good falls. √ (2) 2.4.2 Price at which demand is equal to supply R5,00 √ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2014) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 2.4.3 Quantity of mangoes demanded at R10 and supplied at R10 A =2√ (1) B = 12 √ (1) 2.4.4 Factors that affect the demand for mangoes  Consumer income spending √  Changes in preferences √  Research √  Advertisement √  Number of consumers √  Sociological factors √  Legislation √ (Any 3) (3) 2.5 Marketing systems 2.5.1 Stock sales √ (1) 2.5.2 Internet marketing √ (1) 2.5.3 Contract market √ (1) 2.5.4 Farm gate marketing √ (1) 2.5.5 Fresh produce markets √ (1) 2.6 Reasons for drawing up a business plan  To test the feasibility and economic viability of your business idea √  To determine your financial needs √  To secure funding for your business, or attract investors. √  To guide daily operations √  To ensure effective business management √  To allow you to foresee problems which reduce risks √  To gain knowledge about marketing opportunities and competitors √  To reposition your business so that you can deal with changes in the market √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (SEPTEMBER 2014) QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT 3.1 Land 3.1.1 Land is subject to the law of diminishing returns If you add successive units of one production factor, √ you will not get a proportional increase in yield. √ (2) 3.1.2 Economic characteristics of land  Land is limited. √  The production capacity of land varies widely. √  The value of land varies √  The life expectancy of land is unlimited. √  Land is usually indestructible. √  It is a primary factor of production. √  It is a passive factor of production. √  It is fixed at a particular position. √  It can be bought and sold. √  Its value appreciates. √ (Any 2) (2) 3.1.3 Techniques to increase productivity  Scientific methods like soil analysis, measuring soil water, √ responsible use of pesticides √  Indigenous knowledge methods like sharing land and organic fertilisers √  Improving soil fertility √  Improving water management √  Changing cropping practices and farming systems √  Restoring land potential √  Consolidating uneconomic farm units √ (Any 3) (3) 3.2 Capital and management 3.2.1 Fixed capital √ – reservoir/windmill √ Movable capital √ – cattle √ (4) 3.2.2 Fixed capital – the windmill/standing pipe/well √ is a permanent structure/relatively durable/can be used repeatedly in production. √ (1) Movable capital – animal/cow/goat √ It is transportable/moveable. √ (1) 3.3 3.3.1 Income and expenditure plan Estimated income Estimated expenditure Sale of sheep R27 500,00 √ Workers’ wages R13 400,00 √ Interest from creditors Payment of overdraft R3 700,00 √ R1 800,00 √ (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2014) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 3.3.2 Expected income = R27 500,00 + R1 800,00 = R29 300,00 √ Expected expenditure = R13 400,00 + R3 700,00 = R17 100 √ Expected profit = R29 300 – R17 100 = R12 200 √ (3) 3.3.3 Overdraft: It is a negative balance in a bank account √ caused by drawing more money than the account holds. √ (2) 3.4 3.4.1 Strategic management components  Develop a vision √  Develop a mission √  Set goals and objectives √ (3) 3.4.2 Risk management practices  Practice diversification √  Do property and liability insurance on the farm √  Process surplus yields  Minimise safety risks by doing things properly (Any 2) (2) 3.4.3 External forces that affect management  Natural forces such as drought, hail and floods √  Competition from other farmers √  Demand/market for the product √  Skilled workers/labour force (Any 3) (3) 3.5.1 Conditions for termination of employment A farmer stops a farm worker from working √ after a four week written notice has been served to the farm worker. √ (2) OR A farm worker stops working for a farmer √ after a four week written notice has been served to the farmer. √ (2) 3.5.2 Labour legislation applicable to termination Labour Relations Act (Act No. 66 of 1995) √ Basic Conditions Of Employment Act (Act No. 75 of 1997) √ (2) 3.6 Role played by unions and CCMA  The CCMA and the unions assist employees who are victims of unfair dismissals √  Unfair labour practices √  Unfair retrenchments √ and  Dispute resolutions √  Help in forming work place resolutions √  Publish guidelines for dispute resolutions √ (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (SEPTEMBER 2014) QUESTION 4: GENETICS 4.1 Variation 4.1.1 Mutation It is an accidental and permanent change √ in the DNA sequence of a gene √ OR a sudden change √ in the genetic material of a cell. √ (2) 4.1.2 Causes of mutation  Climate √  Topography √  Light intensity √  Diseases √  Feeding √  Moving space and exercise √  Recombination of genes √  Crossing over of chromosomes √  Deletion √  Translocation √  Inversion √  Duplication √ (Any 3) (3) 4.1.3 Advantages of variation  It is the foundation of selection and breeding programmes √  For breeding future generations √  To improve crop varieties and livestock breeds over time √  To improve the cost efficiency of their farming practices √ (Any 2) (2) 4.2 Genetic modification 4.2.1 Traits popular with farmer in United States Crops that resist the herbicide glyphosate √ Crops that generate their own internal insecticides √ (2) 4.2.2 Potential environmental hazards of genetic modification  Genes might spread GM crops into wild plants √  Beneficial insects and pests could be killed √  Farmers may use excessive amounts of herbicides in fields where they grow herbicide-resistant crops, leading to damage to soil and water resources √  Pollution to the environment due to use of excessive herbicide  (Any 3) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2014) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.2.3 Why animals are genetically modified  Improving production characteristics, such as growth rates, milk production, disease resistance and feed conversion. √  Improving food quality, such as milk that will be digested more easily √  Producing products for human therapeutic use, such as medicines or tissue for implantation. √  Producing industrial or consumer products, such as fibres. √ (Any 2) (2) 4.3 The measurement of milk yield of 32 Jersey breeds 12 10 8 6 4 Series 1 2 0 Milk yield in litres 4.3.1 Correct heading/title √ Correct labelling of X-axis and Y-axis √ Correct scaling, using ruler √ Line graph √ Correct plotting on line graph √ (5) 4.3.2 Number of cows that produced maximum milk 2 (1) 4.3.3 Reasons why cows could be recommended for breeding  For high income from the sales of more milk. √√  More production of milk ensures adequate supply of proteins and minerals for consumption. √  More milk production could increase the production of dairy products such as cheese. √  The offspring of the dairy breeds could be sold and used for breeding purposes to emerging farmers. √ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (SEPTEMBER 2014) 4.4 4.4.1 Monohybrids Punnet square showing crosses B b√ B√ BB Bb √ b Bb bb √ (4) 4.4.2 Phenotype ratio in percentages Brown 75%√ : White 25%√ (2) 4.5 Breeding values 4.5.1 EBV = Weaning weight – Average weaning weight x 60/100 √ EBV = (350 – 310) x 60/100 √ = 40 x 0,6 = 24 √ = 310 + 24 = 334 kg √ (4) 4.6 Disadvantage of species crossing The offspring of species crossing cannot be used for breeding purposes/offspring are sterile/offspring cannot reproduce. √ (1) 4.7 Two advantages of upgrading  New breed is gradually imported into new environment √  Economical way to raise the stock to pedigree level √  Deformities and unwanted characteristics occur less frequently than with inbreeding. √  Faster process than other systems, with rapid results in the first and second generations √  Heterozygous character of the offspring is increased in the process √ (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over