Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Prelim 2024 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2024 AGRICULTUAL SCIENCES P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 D ✓✓ 1.1.3 C ✓✓ 1.1.4 A ✓✓ 1.1.5 D ✓✓ 1.1.6 B ✓✓ 1.1.7 D ✓✓ 1.1.8 A ✓✓ 1.1.9 C ✓✓ 1.1.10 A ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 A only ✓✓ 1.2.2 None ✓✓ 1.2.3 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.4 B only ✓✓ 1.2.5 A only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Solubility ✓✓ 1.3.2 Metabolic ✓✓ 1.3.3 Amniotic fluid ✓✓ 1.3.4 Prolapse ✓✓ 1.3.5 Colostrum ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Biological value ✓ 1.4.2 Blowfly ✓ 1.4.3 Cryptorchidism ✓ 1.4.4 Dizygotic twins ✓ 1.4.5 Lactation ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 2.1.1 Classification of farm animal Non-ruminant ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Letters of the parts in the diagram (a) C ✓ (1) (b) F ✓ (1) (c) B ✓ (1) (d) D ✓ (1) 2.2 2.2.1 Identification of the feed component that is classified as inorganic Minerals ✓ (1) 2.2.2 Identification of relevant feed component (a) Carbohydrates ✓ (1) (b) Protein ✓ (1) 2.2.3 Absorption process that makes use of carrier molecules Active absorption ✓ (1) 2.2.4 Vitamins/ Mineral elements A Vitamin K ✓ (1) B Pica ✓ (1) C Iron ✓ / Copper /Vitamin B12 (1) 2.3 2.3.1 Calculation of digestibility co-efficient Dry matter excreted = 50% of 6 kg 50 = 100 x 6 kg = 3 kg ✓ Coefficient of digestibility = Dry matter intake−Dry matter excreted x 100 ✓ Dry matter intake 15 kg – 3 kg = x 100 ✓ 15 kg = 80 ✓ % ✓ (5) 2.3.2 Interpretation of the calculation • The feed is highly digestible/ 80% ✓ • The feed contains concentrates ✓ • The feed contains low levels of fibre ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) 2.3.3 TWO factors that might have influenced the digestibility of hay • Preparation of the hay ✓ • Stage at which the plant was cut for making hay ✓ • Crop from which the hay was produced ✓ • Supplementation with non-protein nitrogen ✓ • Supplementation with molasses and protein ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Energy in B Metabolic energy ✓ (1) 2.4.2 Calculation of the amount of net energy that the sheep would get from the daily ration (1) Net energy = gross energy – (faeces + urine and gases + heat) ✓ = 15 – (5 + 1,3 + 0,9) ✓ = 15 – 7,2 ✓ = 7,8 MJ/kg DM ✓ (3) 2.4.3 Interpretation of the calculations in QUESTION 2.4.2 • Out of the potential energy value of 15,648 MJ/kg DM, only 8,034 MJ/kg DM of that energy is available to the animal after all the losses occurred. ✓ • Almost 52% of the potential energy of that ration was lost. ✓ • Only 48% of the potential energy value is available for use by the animal. ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 5 2.5 2.5.1 Comparison between total feed available and livestock requirements over six months Marking criteria • Correct title ✓ • Correctly calibrated and labelled y-axis (Total feeds and livestock requirements) ✓ • Correctly calibrated and labelled x-axis (Months)✓ • Units (tons) ✓ • Correct graph type ✓ • Accuracy (80% + correctly plotted) ✓ (6) 2.5.2 Surplus in the month of December in kg Surplus = 30t x 1 000 ✓ = 30 000 kg ✓ (2) 2.5.3 Cost-effective measures a farmer can apply to deal with surplus in the month of December • Ensiling ✓ • Making hay / Bailing / Storage ✓ (Any 1 x 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 3.1.1 Farming system depicted in PICTURE B Subsistence farming ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Purpose of the farming system above Produce only enough products to support a family, without excess for sale or trade ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Hypothesis of the productivity of the farming system in PICTURE A High ✓ (1) 3.1.4 Description on how the factors below is used to increase production in the extensive farming production. (a) Reproduction • Choosing of animals with better characteristics for mating / Selection. ✓ • Mating of male and female animals from different breeds / cross breeding ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) (b) Nutrition • Adding of supplementary feeding at different stages if natural grazing is not sufficient ✓ • Creep / flush feeding ✓ • Good feeding practice/ balanced diet ✓ (Any 1 x 1) 3.2 Facility recommended for livestock 3.2.1 Infra-red lights ✓/Heater/Air conditioner (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Heater ✓ (1) 3.2.3 Feeders ✓ (1) 3.3 3.3.1 Definition of homoeothermic Ability of an animal to maintain ✓ a constant body temperature. ✓ (2) 3.3.2 ONE way a farmer can protect the farm animals from extremely high temperatures in an extensive production system • Plant trees ✓ • Provision of water ✓ • Breed animals that are resistant to extremely high temperatures ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Relationship between feed, water intake and the production of farm animals under extremely high temperatures When temperatures are very high farm animals drink high amount/ lots of water, ✓ consumes /eats/ grazes less feed ✓ and produces less/ production drops. ✓ (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 7 3.4 3.4.1 Facility in the picture Holding pen ✓ (1) 3.4.2 TWO design features that a farmer needs to consider when designing the facility • Solid sides ✓ • No sharp edges ✓ • Sides should be high and strong enough to handle specific animal ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4.3 ONE use of the facility Holding pen is used to keep the animals prior to handling ✓ (1) 3.5 3.5.1 Disease affecting the udder of a cow in the picture Mastitis ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Classification of the disease in QUESTION 3.5.1 based on causative pathogen. Bacterial disease ✓ (1) 3.5.3 TWO symptoms an animal displays when infected by the disease • Thick flaky milk which may contain clots ✓ • Discoloured serum and sometimes be blood-stained or watery ✓ • Decline in milk production ✓ • Cow or ewe reluctant for calf or lamb to nurse. ✓ • Infected quarter of the udder is hot, swollen and painful and the other side is hard ✓ • Rapid pulse rate ✓ • Limping with one hind leg far from the udder ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.4 TWO economic implications of the disease to the farmer • Decreased milk production ✓ • Loss of livestock/ death of livestock ✓ • High treatment costs ✓ • Loss of income/ profit ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6 3.6.1 Classification of parasites in PICTURES A and B A – External/ ecto-parasite ✓ C – Internal/ endo-parasite ✓ (2) 3.6.2 Disease caused by the microscopic parasite in PICTURE A Mange ✓ Scab ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) 3.6.3 TWO symptoms of an animal infested by the disease mentioned in QUESTION 3.6.2 • Skin irritation with severe itching that causes rubbing, scratching, and hair loss. ✓ • Dermatitis ✓ • Round hairless lesions ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6.4 TWO control measures of the parasite in PICTURE B • Rotational grazing/ Keep animals away from an area for a specific period. ✓ • Avoid wet areas/ areas around drinking spots should be kept dry. ✓ • Camping off areas on the farm. ✓ • Breed animals that are genetically more resistant to this internal parasite. ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.7 3.7.1 TWO common salt poisoning symptoms, from the passage, that can be noticed in farm animals • Excessive salivation ✓ • Constipation ✓ • Increased thirst ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.7.2 ONE preventative measure of salt poisoning • Supplying animals with enough salts ✓ • Supplying animals with enough water ✓ • If animals are deprived salt for an extended period, they should not be allowed free access to an abandon supply of salt. ✓ • Lick should be close to water supply ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.7.3 ONE role of the state in animal protection • Training of agricultural specialists at colleges and universities. ✓ • Generation and implementation of legislation to address priorities in the livestock industry. ✓ • Veterinary research/ Advice, monitoring and control of animal diseases. ✓ • Veterinary services/ Control of production, distribution and use of agricultural medication according to appropriate legislation. ✓ • Import and export bans. ✓ • Control of the spread of diseases by meat inspectors that identify diseases in animal products, whether contagious or not. ✓ • The production of some specialised livestock remedies. ✓ • Quarantine services/ Control in the movement of farm animals, locally and abroad, to prevent diseases from spreading through quarantine services. ✓ • Research to address and promote priorities identified by the livestock industry. ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 9 QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 4.1.1 Farm animal with the reproductive system Cow ✓ (1) 4.1.2 Parts labelled B and E B – Vagina ✓ E – Oviduct/ fallopian tube ✓ (2) 4.1.3 LETTER corresponding to the part where the following occurs: (a) F✓ (1) (b) C✓ (1) 4.2 4.2.1 Period in the cycle characterised by the formation of the corpus luteum Met-oestrus/ Meta-oestrus ✓ (1) 4.2.2 Hormone that is responsible for ovulation during this cycle Luteinising hormone/ LH ✓ (1) 4.2.3 Definition of oestrus • Oestrus is the time during the reproductive cycle when the female shows interest ✓ in mating and will stand to be mounted by both sexes and mated by the bulls. ✓ • Oestrus is the period in the oestrus cycle when the non-pregnant cow ✓ is most receptive to a male. ✓ • Oestrus is when the female is receptive to the male ✓ and will stand for mating. ✓ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.2.4 TWO methods of identifying cows on heat • Chin-ball markers ✓ • Tail chalking ✓ • Pedometer ✓ • Heat mount detector ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Mating stage displayed by the bull in the picture Courtship ✓ (1) 4.3.2 TWO factors that regulate mating behaviour in bulls • Genetics ✓ • Environmental factors ✓ • Physiological factors ✓ • Health ✓ • Previous experience ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Equipment in PICTURE A Electro-ejaculation probe ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2024) 4.4.2 Use of the equipment mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.1 Stimulate ejaculation ✓ (1) 4.4.3 Temperature requirement of the collected semen -196 °C ✓ (1) 4.4.4 Functions of the semen dilutants (a) Provides protection against changes in pH ✓ (1) (b) Provides nutrients for the sperm cells ✓ (1) (c) Prevents bacterial growth ✓ (1) 4.4.5 Explanation of the correct time for artificial insemination Cows showing signs of oestrus in the morning are inseminated in the afternoon ✓ and cows showing signs of oestrus in the afternoon are inseminated the next morning. ✓ (2) 4.5 4.5.1 Identification of the procedure in the diagram Cloning/ Nuclear transfer ✓ (1) 4.5.2 Name of animal C in the procedure Surrogate sheep ✓ (1) 4.5.3 Suitability of technique for subsistence farming Not suitable ✓ (1) 4.5.4 Justification of answer to QUESTION 4.5.3 • It is expensive • Requires specific skills (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.6 4.6.1 Process depicted in the picture Parturition/ calving ✓ (1) 4.6.2 Name of condition which may interfere with the process Dystocia ✓ (1) 4.6.3 TWO causes of the condition mentioned in QUESTION 4.6.2 • Flexion of the elbow ✓ • Deviation of the head ✓ • Retention of one or both forelegs ✓ • Hydrocephalus ✓ • Twins ✓ • Congenital defects/ deformities ✓ • Posterior presentation ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.6.4 Phases of reproduction in cows E✓ D✓ B✓ C✓ A✓ (5) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.