Agricultural Management Practices Grade 12 2021 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 2021 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 200 These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 2 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Multiple-choice questions 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 A  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 Matching items 1.2.1 C  1.2.2 F  1.2.3 K  1.2.4 J  1.2.5 A  1.2.6 H  1.2.7 L  1.2.8 B  1.2.9 D  1.2.10 G  (10 x 2) (20) 1.3 Agricultural terms 1.3.1 Surplus  1.3.2 Rent  1.3.3 Adventure tourists  1.3.4 Soil drainage/drainability  1.3.5 Entrepreneur  (5 x 1) (5) 1.4 Underlined words 1.4.1 Sweet  1.4.2 Neutral  1.4.3 Intensive  1.4.4 Profit margin/Profit  1.4.5 Contract  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 3 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PLANNING 2.1 Soil temperature 2.1.1 THREE plant growth processes influenced by soil temperature  Germination of seeds   Growth rate of plants   Ripening of crops   Effective water absorption   Effective nutrient absorption   Effective rate of chemical reactions  (Any 3) (3) 2.1.2 Comparison between dark coloured soils and light coloured soils  Dark coloured soils absorb more heat   While light coloured soils absorb less/repel heat  (2) 2.1.3 Relationship between soil temperature and soil depth  During the day, soils with a shallow depth quickly absorb heat   While deeper soils gradually absorb the heat   During the night, soils with a shallow depth drastically lose the heat to the atmosphere   While deeper soils can hold on to the heat for much longer periods   Deeper soil temperature is more constant while shallow soil temperature fluctuates more  (Any 4) (4) 2.2 Soil maps and soil potential Chemical composition on soil potential   Indicate all available minerals in soils needed or not needed for production   Indicate mineral levels that can be detrimental to or toxic for production   Indicate the level of nutrients for production   Indicate deficiencies that must be corrected by fertilizers   Soil reaction changes is indicated  Physical characteristics   Areas of different soil structure are indicated   Indicate areas where the soil texture are different   Areas with similar soil depths are indicated   Indicate soil colour useful for irrigation and drainage  Morphological properties   Homogeneous areas of soil classification is indicated   Zones with similar soil profiles are indicated  Soil classification data   Areas with the similar soil series are indicated   Indicating areas with similar soil forms  (Any 2 aspects mentioned and discussed) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 4 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3 Natural grazing 2.3.1 FOUR factors that determine the productivity of veld  Vegetation/plant composition/regrowth potential   Soil/land/topography   Rainfall   Temperature   Soil condition  (Any 4) (4) 2.3.2 FOUR guidelines to ensure enough grazing throughout the season  Practise rotational grazing   Adhere to the carrying capacity of the veld   Control veld burning   Remove alien/invasive plants   Rest/Spare camps   Cutting and baling of veld/grass as hay   Plant supplement pasture to aid in times of shortages  (Any 4) (4) 2.4 Sources of information for the agricultural sector 2.4.1 Traditional agricultural practices  (1) 2.4.2 Department of Agriculture  (1) 2.4.3 News media  (1) 2.4.4 Agricultural research institutes  (1) 2.4.5 Marketing organisations  (1) 2.5 Labour 2.5.1 THREE Challenges regarding farm labour  Alcoholism/alcohol abuse   Illiteracy   Diseases/STD/TB/HIV/Aids/Covid-19   Domestic violence / injuries  (Any 3) (3) 2.5.2 FOUR Measures to improve the conditions for farm workers  Provide adequate and better living conditions   Introduce health education and facilities for the workers   Introduce ABET classes on the farm   Provide training/skills development for farm workers   Provide better working conditions   Better wages   Develop recreation facilities   Increase their motivation  (Any 4) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 5 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.6 Precision farming 2.6.1 Precision farming equipment on the picture  Drone  (1) 2.6.2 FIVE uses of remote sensing technology in production enterprise  Soil and field analysis   Germination value   Crop spraying and spot spraying   Crop mapping and surveying   Irrigation monitoring and management   Real time livestock management   Veld management   Check plant health   Weed detection   Draining maps   Yield predictions   Animal detection   Spotting animal health  (Any 5) (5) 2.6.3 THREE advantages of using this technology.  Improves crop yields   Saves time   Helps make better management decisions because of more accurate data obtained   Increases overall profitability of the business  (Any 3) (3) 2.7 Basic components of a budget DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT EXAMPLE COMPONENT OF BUDGET The available inventory Resources  Land, capital, water, labour, vegetation  (Any 1) All the expenses of the farming Financial Labour, mechanisation, enterprise and their inputs  materials, biological applications in units per budget inputs  (Any 1) All the unknowns of the Parameters  Prices, application of production process inputs, yields, time of inputs or outputs  (Any 1) (6) 2.8 Examples of intensive farming methods in crops that are water-based  Hydroponics   Aquaponics  (2) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 6 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION : 3 ENTREPRENEURSHIP, RECORDING, MARKETING, BUSINESS PLANNING AND ORGANISED AGRICULTURE 3.1 Cash flow statement 3.1.1 Calculate: (a) R31 640,00  (b) R40 578,00  (c) R8 938,00  (d) R60 938,00  (4) 3.1.2 Reasons for difference between actual and budgeted values of transport  Increase in fuel prices   Increase in toll gate prices/tollgate fee  Increase in wages of the drivers   Increase in amount of products produced/number of trips/bigger vehicle   Increase in transport distances  (Any 3) (3) 3.1.3 TWO uses for cash flow statement  Determine availability of funds   For financial planning and management   To seek solutions for cash flow problems   To monitor expenses   To compare expenses and income with budgeted values and correct errors   To indicate where there are surplus funds  (Any 2) (2) 3.2 Business plan 3.2.1 Type of capital  Fixed capital / long-term capital  (Any 1) (1) 3.2.2 ONE institution to acquire capital  Commercial bank   Land bank   Non-banking financial Institutions  (Any 1) (1) 3.2.3 Principles/Characteristics of objectives for a business plan  Specific   Measureable   Achievable   Realistic   Timeframe  (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 7 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3 Organogram 3.3.1 e (1) 3.3.2 a (1) 3.3.3 d (1) 3.3.4 a (1) 3.3.5 c (1) 3.4 Recording 3.4.1 The exchange of source documents  Farmer A sends an order form to Farmer B   Farmer B issues an invoice to Farmer A   Farmer A sends proof of payment document to Farmer B   Farmer B issues a receipt to Farmer A  (Any 3) (3) 3.4.2 Record keeping  Assist with planning   Assist with budgeting   Assist with management   Helps to comply with legal requirements   Measure the outcomes of management decisions  (Any 2) (2) 3.5 Niche market 3.5.1 Concept of a niche market  Focus on a specific client group for marketing a product   This part of the market is usually very small   Product aims to satisfy specific requirements of the consumer (e.g. price range, quality, demography)  (Any 3) (3) 3.5.2 THREE reasons for niche market  Opportunity to create brand loyalty   Improved outreach   Less competition   Cost effective   Faster growth   Targeted audience   Increased expertise   Enhanced monetization/Income  (Any 3) (3) 3.6 Effect on price 3.6.1 Decrease price  (1) 3.6.2 Increase price  (1) 3.6.3 Decrease price  (1) 3.6.4 Increase price  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 8 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.7 FOUR advantages of cooperative marketing  The producer members are the owners and they have full control and any profit is shared amongst them   Risks are shared by all members   Members receive scale benefits in purchasing and sales   A cooperative can grant credit to producers   They have more bargaining power on the market   Farming necessities and services are provided cheaper   The producer has more time to spend on his farming activities   A more even flow of products to the market thus higher average prices   Farmers do not have to build their own storage or packaging facilities   Producers receive a guaranteed price that gives them financial security   It ensures orderly and effective marketing   It simplifies management and accounting   Competition is less  (Any 4) (4) 3.8 Perishable agricultural produce 3.8.1 Perishability  This means that the products have a certain shelf life   Are likely to decay or go bad quickly after a certain period of time  (2) 3.8.2 THREE marketing function  Storage of products in a dry place   Packaging of product in a ridged container   Preservation of the product   Processing of the product  (Any 3) (3) 3.9 Database 3.9.1 THREE advantages of using a computer database  Access to information is easier   Calculations are done more accurately   More information can be stored in a smaller space   Comparisons can be done more easily   Can use proven and reliable programs for production, finance and physical records   Transfer of information is easier  (Any 3) (3) 3.9.2 TWO disadvantages of using a computer database  The farmer must be computer literate   In case of a power failure records are not accessible   It is expensive to purchase computers   Technology must be upgraded on a regular basis   It takes time to update data  Computer can be damaged (Any 2) (2) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 9 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: HARVESTING, PROCESSING, MANAGEMENT AND AGRITOURISM 4.1 Chronological steps in the decision making process 4.1.1 Describe/Analyse  (1) 4.1.2 Solutions  (1) 4.1.3 Evaluate  (1) 4.1.4 Solution/option  (1) 4.1.5 Implement  (1) 4.1.6 Follow-up  (1) 4.2 Tasks of a manager 4.2.1 Communication  (1) 4.2.2 Control  (1) 4.2.3 Motivation  (1) 4.2.4 Planning  (1) 4.2.5 Decision making  (1) 4.3 Handling of animals 4.3.1 THREE guidelines for handling or treatment of animals at the abattoir  Pain-free slaughtering   Separate genders   Separate different ages   Animals must be kept calm   Animals must be protected from injuries and bruises   Animals must be provided with clean water and food  (Any 3) (3) 4.3.2 FOUR guidelines for cleanliness and hygiene in the abattoir  Workers must apply good hygienic practices all times   Control of flies   The carcass must be inspected for diseases   Footbaths   Regularly cleaning and sterilizing of working station  (Any 4) (4) 4.3.3 THREE methods of value adding to meat  Salting of meat   Drying of meat in short periods   Smoking of meat in a closed environment   Packaging of meat into different cuts  (Any 3) (3) 4.4 Processing 4.4.1 Extrusion conversion  Is a cooking process   That takes place under high temperature   And high pressure   That leaves no waste  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 10 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.4.2 Comparison of primary conversion and secondary conversion PRIMARY CONVERSION SECONDARY CONVERSION Freshly squized fruit juice  Bread  Loose tea leaves  Butter  Sunflower oil  Fruit cake  (6) 4.5 Packaging 4.5.1 FOUR advantages of food packaging  To protect against contamination (microbes, dirt, insects, odours)   Protect against light   To facilitate the easy handling of food   To convey information   To identify the product  (Any 4) (4) 4.5.2 FOUR properties of plastic packaging material  Hygienic   Non-toxic   Transparent   Lightweight   Tamperproof   Adjustable with food   Protection from light   Easy to print or to label   Easily opened and closed   Impervious to gases and odours   Resistant against mechanical damage  (Any 4) (4) 4.5.3 Negative effect of plastic  Plastic is non-biodegradable   Because it has a petroleum base that pollutes the environment for many years after it has been discarded  (2) 4.5.4 Solution to plastic pollution  Use biodegradable products   Use recycled products  (Any 1) (1) 4.6 Agritourism 4.6.1 TWO types of tourism  Eco- tourism   Rural tourism  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Management Practices 11 DBE/2021 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.6.2 FOUR items of capital investment of/on a game farm  Suitable land   Suitable animals   Fencing of land   Accommodation of visitors   Slaughtering facilities  (Any 4) (4) 4.6.3 FOUR marketing skills in agritourism  How to be service orientated   Knowledge of entrepreneurship   Compilation of feasibility studies and business plan a package that makes the farm different from other farms   Financial management en financial planning  Expertise on cash flow planning and control   Communication skills  (Any 4) (4) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 150 GRAND TOTAL: 200 Copyright reserved