Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2018 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 C  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 D  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 A only  1.2.2 None  1.2.3 A only  1.2.4 Both A and B  1.2.5 B only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Parakeratosis  1.3.2 Nipple/nipple drinker  1.3.3 Ejaculation  1.3.4 Meiosis  1.3.5 Spermatozoon/sperm cell  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Pearson  1.4.2 Free range/back yard/semi intensive  1.4.3 Infectious/contagious/pathogenic  1.4.4 Dystocia  1.4.5 Mesoderm  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Schematic images of the internal parts in the alimentary canal of ruminants 2.1.1 Identification of parts B Omasum  (1) C Reticulum  (1) 2.1.2 The function of PART B • Traps hard and indigestible substances/separate coarse and fine food materials  • Grinding of food particles  • Sends large substances back to the rumen  • Absorption of water  • Absorption of some volatile fatty acids  (Any 1) (1) 2.1.3 Structures in Part A responsible for the production of heat Heating rods/papillae  (1) 2.1.4 ONE requirement of rumen microbes in ruminants • Easily digestible carbohydrates/regular intake of feed  • Sufficient mineral nutrients  • Sufficient nitrogen  • Anaerobic/oxygen free conditions  • Neutral environment/suitable pH/slightly acidic/pH 5,5 - 6,5  • Presence of carbon dioxide/CO 2  • Temperature of 38 - 42 0C/warm conditions  • Continual removal of waste  • Presence of volatile fatty acids  • Adequate moisture conditions  (Any 1) (1) 2.2 Digestibility trial with ruminant animals 2.2.1 The digestibility coefficient Dry matter intake (kg) – Dry mass of manure (kg) x 100  Dry matter intake (kg) DM = 10 x 12kg = 1,2kg (moisture content) 100 OR DM = 90 x 12kg = 10,8kg (dry matter)  100 = (12kg – 1,2kg) – 7kg x 100 10,8kg OR = 10,8 – 7kg x 100  10,8kg = 35,19/35,2  %  (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.2.2 Implication of calculated DC • More (64,8%) of the feed was excreted  • Less (35,2%) of the feed was digested and absorbed  • High crude fibre content  (Any 1) (1) 2.2.3 Classification of the feed Roughage  (1) 2.3 Animal feeds 2.3.1 Feed suitable for young growing animals Feed A  (1) 2.3.2 Reason for the answer in QUESTION 2.3.1 • It has a narrow nutritive ratio/NR of 1:3,4  • High protein content/DP of 18%  (Any 1) (1) 2.3.3 FEED B not recommended as a main feed for non- ruminants It has a high crude fibre content/CF of 17%  and a resultant low TDN/55% which is less than 60%  (2) 2.3.4 Relationship between total digestible nutrient and crude fibre content of FEED A. The lower the crude fibre content  the higher the total digestible nutrients  (2) 2.4 Energy value and the energy losses (per kg) 2.4.1 Energy loss in manure if the farm animal consuming 5kg of feed 42,5J  (1) 2.4.2 Identification of the gas with the highest energy loss Methane  (1) 2.4.3 Calculation of the energy available for growth and production NE = GE – (energy lost in manure + in urine + as heat + methane) = 18,5J – 14J/(8,5J + 1,2J + 1,8J + 2,5J)  NE = 4,5  J  (3) 2.5 Feed flow programme 2.5.1 Calculation of deficit for September (66 – 55) tons  = 11 tons  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.2 Bar graph of the available feed and the requirement of animals for a year The total available feed and the required feed for a year Total feed available and required (ton) 90 Available feed Required feed 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June Months of the year CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES • Correct heading  • X axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Months of the year)  • Y axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Total feed available and required)  • Correct units (ton)  • Bar graph  • Accuracy  (6) 2.6 Ways of supplementing feeds 2.6.1 Soil sods  (1) 2.6.2 Urea  (1) 2.6.3 Implants  (1) 2.6.4 Drinking troughs  (1) [35] QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Animal production systems 3.1.1 Identification of production systems A Extensive production system  (1) B Intensive production system  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.1.2 Comparison of the two production systems with reference to capital investment A Less capital invested  (1) B More capital invested  (1) 3.2 Feeding programme for broiler production 3.2.1 Comparison of the nutritional requirement of broilers in growth stages A Broilers need a high protein diet  (1) B Broilers need a high energy diet  (1) 3.2.2 Reason for nutritional requirements for growth stage A For growth  (1) 3.2.3 TWO other factors to increase production in broilers • Controlled environment/proper housing  • Breeding  • Good health/hygienic conditions  • General enterprise management • Enterprise technical skills/skilled labour  (Any 2) (2) 3.3 Housing facilities for breeding pigs 3.3.1 Indication of facility Farrowing pen/crate  (1) 3.3.2 Design feature of the facility Partitioned to accommodate the sow to lay on her side/ structured to separate the sow from the piglets  (1) 3.3.3 Equipment/material found in the facility, to regulate temperature (a) Air conditioners/heaters/infra-red lamps/heated flooring  (1) (b) Bedding/litter materials  (1) 3.4 Farm animal productivity 3.4.1 Key condition that impacts negatively to production Adverse weather conditions/excessive hot/cold conditions  (1) 3.4.2 TWO economic impacts of this condition to the farmer • More money spent on feeding during cold weather  • Loss of production/income due to uncontrolled conditions  (2) 3.4.3 Measures the farmer can take to reduce the impact of varying temperatures in (a) Provision of shade/cooling/provide enough water  (1) (b) Provision of shelter/move livestock closer to home  (1) 3.5 Handling facilities in an intensive production system 3.5.1 Identification of the facilities A Holding pen  (1) C Crush  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5.2 Main purpose of a head clamp To restrain/contain animals to stand still  (1) 3.5.3 TWO design features of a crush • Must be strong/durable  • High/wide enough for specific type of animal  • No sharp curves  • Safe for animals/handlers  • Clean  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 Diseases in farm animals The missing information A Rabies  (1) B Biting by infected animals/Saliva/Body fluids  (1) C Bacteria  (1) D Red water  (1) E Blue tick bite  (1) F Hair loss/scally/itchy ring like lesions/crusty grey/white scabs  (1) 3.7 Life cycle of a parasite in farm animals 3.7.1 The parasite Tape worm  (1) 3.7.2 Indication of hosts Two hosts  (1) 3.7.3 TWO economic implications of the parasite to farmers • Loss of production  • Infected carcasses are degraded at the abattoir  • Loss of income/profit  • High cost of treatment  (Any 2) (2) 3.7.4 TWO roles of the state in controlling the spread of internal parasites • Meat testing/inspection/hygiene  • Research/outreach to farmers  • Legislation on the duties/roles/responsibilities of owners  • Impose product bans  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The male reproductive system 4.1.1 Identification of parts A Vas deferens/ampulla  (1) B Urethra  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.1.2 TWO functions of the secretion of vesicular gland • Provide nutrition/nourishing/energy to the sperm cells  • Transportation of sperm cells  • Protects the sperm cells against changes in pH/buffer  (Any 2) (2) 4.1.3 Congenital defect of part D • Under-development/hypoplasia  • Penis too short/too long  • Abnormal openings  • Short retractor penis muscle  (Any 1) (1) 4.1.4 Indication of the effect on the fertility of the bull (a) Affects spermatogenesis/low sperm count/sperm denaturing/ infertility  (1) (b) No sperm will be produced/sterile  (1) 4.2 Hormonal control during the oestrus cycle 4.2.1 Identification of the hormones A Oestrogen  C Progesterone  (2) 4.2.2 Explanation of the process in B Release of the ovum/egg cell  from a mature Graafian follicle  (2) 4.2.3 TWO visible signs displayed when oestrus is in its peak • Mounts other cows  • Restlessness  • Swelling of the vulva  • Excessive mucus secretion from the vulva  • Mucus membranes of the vagina appears red and moist  • Scratches, manure and mud on the rear end  • Allows mating  • Tail head is in a raised position  • Tail head and hair is fluffed up  ( Any 2) (2) 4.2.4 Function of FSH • Stimulates the formation of follicles  • Facilitates/stimulates growth/development and function of the Graafian follicle  ( Any 1) (1) 4.3 Reproductive processes in sheep 4.3.1 The correct chronological order C (1) A (1) D (1) E (1) B (1) 4.3.2 Definition of synchronisation Changing the oestrus cycle in a group of ewes/female animals  so that they come to oestrus approximately at the same time  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.4 The reproduction cycle of a dairy cow 4.4.1 A month in which artificial insemination should take place May  (1) 4.4.2 TWO possible causes for the cow not conceiving • Improper handling of semen/poor quality semen  • Use of inexperienced technician  • Diseases/infections  • Malnutrition  • Congenital factors  • Incorrect timing  (Any 2) (2) 4.4.3 THREE causes of abortion in dairy cows • Infections/diseases  • Malnutrition  • Injuries  • Maltreatment/stress  • Environmental factors  • Genetic/congenital factors  • Strong laxatives  • Toxic elements in feed  • Vaccination/immunisation  • Twinning  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.4 The last process coming just before the start of milk production Calving/parturition/giving birth  (1) 4.5 The graph indicating milk production, fat content and crude fibre content of a dairy cow for 10 months 4.5.1 Month 6  (1) 4.5.2 45 litres  (1) 4.5.3 THREE reasons for the drop in milk production • Illness/sickness/diseases  • Malnutrition/improper feeding  • Extreme environmental conditions  (3) 4.5.4 Relationship between crude fibre and fat content from month 6 to 10 As the crude fibre content increases  the fat content will also increase  (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over