Agricultural Sciences P2 Nov 2018 FINAL Memo Eng_hlayiso.com_.pdf

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 B  1.1.4 A  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 C  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 A  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 F  1.2.2 H  1.2.3 D  1.2.4 E  1.2.5 G  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Market segmentation  1.3.2 Law of diminishing returns  1.3.3 Dihybrid  1.3.4 Mutation  1.3.5 Gene  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Distribution  1.4.2 Conceptual  o 1.4.3 Heterozygous  1.4.4 Heredity  1.4.5 Atavism/throwback  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 3 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 Swot analysis 2.1.1 Identification of the day Day 3  (1) 2.1.2 Relationship between price, supply and demand • The higher the price  the lower the demand  and the higher the supply  • The lower the price  the higher the demand  and the lower the supply  (Any 1) (3) 2.1.3 Reason for lower demand in Day 5 The price for lemons was higher on day 5 and lower on day 1/ on day 5 the price was R30 and on day 1 it was R10  (1) 2.2 Product preparation 2.2.1 The function of marketing Packaging  (1) 2.2.2 TWO factors used in the grading of peaches • Size/weight  • Appearance/smoothness/bruising  • Characteristics of the cultivar  • Colour  • Ripeness  (Any 2) (2) 2.2.3 Factor hampering the marketing of peaches Perishability/bruising/spoilage/volume/size  (1) 2.2.4 THREE advantages of processing • Available throughout the year  • Prevent the spoilage/wastage/perishability  • Can be transported to places where it is not produced  • Storage period increases/longer shelf life  • Improves the safety of products  • More convenient/easier packaging/handling  • Adds value/higher income/profit  • Easier to transport than fresh products  • Provides employment to many people  • Assists to control over supply  (Any 3) (3) 2.3 Free marketing 2.3.1 Free marketing channels A Farm gate/direct marketing  (1) B Direct marketing/contract sales  (1) C Contract sales  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 4 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.2 Defining a free marketing system • Type of marketing where the producer sells  to whoever/ wherever at any time/at any price  • Type of marketing where a producer sells  produce without restrictions/legislation  (Any 1) (2) 2.3.3 TWO advantages of contract sales for farmers • Bulk handling will reduce the cost of delivery  • Marketing margin is reduced  • Cutting out the intermediaries  • Volume/sales guaranteed  • Price is guaranteed  • Reduces risk  (Any 2) (2) 2.3.4 Comparison of a cooperative marketing to free marketing with regard to price of produce • Cooperative marketing - Price is set/fixed/stable  (1) • Free marketing - Price fluctuates/unstable/changes/flexible  (1) 2.4 Entrepreneur 2.4.1 Identification of an entrepreneur Individual B  (1) 2.4.2 TWO personal characteristics of an entrepreneur • Confidence/courage  • Risk taker  • Innovative/creative  • Self-motivated/drive  • Hard working/energetic  • Commitment  • Foresight  (Any 2) (2) 2.4.3 Identification of the document from the scenario Business plan  (1) 2.4.4 TWO problems of drawing up a business plan • Leaving gaps/vague/too generic  • Over ambitious/unrealistic assumptions  • Hiding weaknesses and risk  • Not highlighting competitors  • Using incorrect format  • Insufficient technical details  • Incomplete financials/budget/cash flow errors  • Insufficient research  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 5 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 Bar graph The price of plant products in 2016 and 2017 5000 2016 2017 4500 4000 Price (R per ton) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Yellow maize Wheat Soya beans White maize Plant products 2.5.1 CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES • Correct heading  • X axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Plant products)  • Y axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Price)  • Correct units (R per ton)  • Bar graph  • Accuracy  (6) 2.5.2 Indication of the trend in maize and red meat price When the price of maize was decreasing from 2016 to 2017  the price of red meat was increasing  (2) [35] QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 Land as production factor 3.1.1 Economic function of land in Picture A: provision of food/raw materials  Picture B: provision of physical space/area  (2) 3.1.2 Method to increase the production in PICTURE A The use of technology/scientific methods  (1) 3.1.3 Economic benefit of land to the farmer Serves as a collateral/security  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 6 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2 Association of the statements to the economic characteristics of land 3.2.1 Land for agriculture is limited/availability of land is limited  (1) 3.2.2 Land is durable/indestructible/lifespan of land is unlimited  (1) 3.2.3 Land appreciates in value  (1) 3.3 Labour as a production factor 3.3.1 Indication of the production factor Casual  (1) 3.3.2 TWO characteristics describing a permanent farm worker • Employed full-time  • Enjoy benefits such as leave/housing/pension  • Live with their families on the farm  • Has a long term contract/conditions of employment  • Allowed to have their own livestock on the farm  • Profit sharing  (Any 2) (2) 3.4 Labour challenges 3.4.1 TWO challenges of labour affecting productivity • Abuse of alcohol  • Longer working hours  • Lower wages  • Poor living/working conditions  • Absenteeism  • HIV and AIDS infections  • Low levels of education/lack of training  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.2 TWO responsibilities by the farmer to address the challenges • Abuse of alcohol - Awareness programmes/recreation facilities  • Longer working hours - Improved/better working hours  • Lower wages - Improved wages/salaries  • Poor living/working conditions - Improved working/living conditions  • Absenteeism - Intervention/awareness programmes  • HIV and AIDS infections - Improved health conditions/HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns  • Low levels of education/lack of training Provision of education/training  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.3 TWO reasons for farm workers to be lost to other industries • Better wages in other sectors  • Better working hours  • Improved living conditions  • Better health facilities  • Better educational facilities  • Recreational facilities  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 7 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5 Capital 3.5.1 TWO sources of capital • Loan  • Production/sales from eggs  (2) 3.5.2 TWO problems in regard to capital • High interest rate  • Capital is scarce  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.3 TWO other problems of capital • Under capitalisation  • Over capitalization  • Depreciation  • Risk  • Capital is expensive  • Law of diminishing returns  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.4 Calculation of profit with formula • Profit = Income – Expenditure  • = R14,85 – R8,55  • Profit = R6,30 per dozen  (3) 3.6 Risk management 3.6.1 TWO risk management strategies • Diversification  • Hedging/contract marketing  (2) 3.6.2 Justification of Diversification The farmer has a number of different enterprises such as crops, livestock and fodder production in order to spread the risk  (1) Hedging/Contract marketing The farmer made future contracts/agreement with supermarket  (1) 3.7 External and internal forces affecting the farming business 3.7.1 External forces affecting the farming business (a) Economical/political  (1) (b) Socio-cultural/health  (1) (c) Competitive  (1) (d) Socio-cultural/environmental  (1) 3.7.2 Sources of risk (a) Financial/market and price  (1) (b) Environmental  (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 4.1 BREEDING PAIR 1 and BREEDING PAIR 2 4.1.1 Number of brown goats in the F 1 generation 0 (1) 4.1.2 The phenotypic ratio for the F 2 generation 24 white goats : 8 brown goats  OR 3 white goats  : 1 brown goat  (2) [[ 4.1.3 Punnet square method to determine the genotypic ratio in the F 2 -generation W w W WW Ww w Ww ww The ratio of the genotype = 1:2:1 (1 WW : 2 Ww : 1ww) Marking guidelines/criteria • Correct gametes  • Correct offspring  • Punnet square (with gametes and offspring)  • Correct ratio  (4) 4.2 Breeding systems 4.2.1 Deductions of the breeding systems (a) Cross breeding  (1) (b) Inbreeding  (1) (c) Line breeding  (1) 4.2.2 TWO characteristics of progeny E • Grow faster  • Better adaptability  • Produce more than the parents  • More resistant to diseases  • Better feed conversion rate  (Any 2) (2) 4.2.3 TWO disadvantages of inbreeding • Decreased variation  • Undesirable characteristics can be bred into the progeny  • Produces deformities  • Undesirable gene are rapidly made homogeneous  • Degeneration may appear in the herd/ leads to inbreeding depression  • Expensive system  • Causes poor adaptability to an environment  • Progeny are less resistant to diseases  • Promote lethal genes  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 9 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.3 Genetic modification 4.3.1 Identification of the techniques (a) Electroporation  (1) (b) Micro- injection  (1) (c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens/bacterial/viral/biological carriers  (1) 4.3.2 THREE potential benefits of GM crops • Improved shelf life  • Improved nutritional value/colour/flavour  • Improved resistance to pests/diseases  • Improved tolerance to harsh environmental/climatic conditions  • Resistance to herbicides/pesticides  • Grow fast  • Improved production/yield  (Any 3) (3) 4.3.3 TWO possible negative effects of GM crops on the environment • Can produce super weeds  • Insect resistant plants can kill beneficial insects  • Farmers may use excessive amounts of herbicides that may damage the soil  • Loss of biodiversity  • Reduce the effectiveness of herbicides/pesticides  (Any 2) (2) 4.4 Variation 4.4.1 Identification of the TWO types of variation • Continuous  • Discontinuous  (2) 4.4.2 Differentiation between Continuous A complete range of characteristics from one extreme to the other/ Quantitative characteristics  (1) Discontinuous A characteristic with a few clear cut forms/no intermediate forms/ Qualitative characteristics  (1) 4.4.3 Indication of the characteristic of the chicken (a) Head comb  (b) Body size  (2) 4.4.4 External factor that impacts on body size • Nutrition/feeding/diet  • Light intensity  • Diseases  • Population density  • Temperature  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 10 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5 Patterns of inheritance 4.5.1 Linking of the statements (a) Incomplete/partial dominance  (1) (b) Co-dominance  (1) (c) Complete dominance  (1) 4.5.2 Indication of the genetic phenomenon of inheritance Prepotency  (1) 4.5.3 TWO other patterns of inheritance • Polygenic  • Multiple alleles  • Atavism  • Epistasis  (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over