Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 2 NSC November 2020 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER 2020 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 A  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 B  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 C  1.2.2 A  1.2.3 B  1.2.4 D  1.2.5 G  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Market equilibrium  1.3.2 Casual/temporary  1.3.3 Genetic modification/Genetic engineering/manipulation  1.3.4 Species crossing  1.3.5 Heritability  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Green/eco/sustainable agricultural marketing  1.4.2 Contract  o 1.4.3 Family  1.4.4 Estimated breeding value/EBV  1.4.5 Prepotency  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 3 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 2.1 Functions of marketing 2.1.1 Identification of the marketing function B - Transportation  (1) C - Packaging  (1) 2.1.2 TWO guidelines of packaging  Provide information about the product/identification   Convenient for handling/containment   Biodegradable/recyclable   Free from chemicals/foreign objects   Protection against mechanical damage  (Any 2) (2) (2) 2.1.3 TWO advantages of processing  Increases the value of the product   Overcome over-supply of the product   Allows easier packaging and handling of product/ easy to transport/convenience   Provide job opportunities   Ensures the availability of product throughout the year   Reduces spoilage/perishability/longer shelf life   Ensures food security   Improved food safety   Makes the products more appealing to the consumer  (Any 2) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Line graph The demand of product 1 at different prices 35 30 Price per bag (R) 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Quantity demanded (kg) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 4 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines Criteria/rubric/marking guideline  Correct heading   X-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Quantity demanded)   Y-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Price per bag)   Line graph   Correct units (R and kg)   Accuracy  (6) 2.2.2 Identification of the product reflecting law of demand Product 1  (1) 2.2.3 Justification The lower the price, the higher the demand  OR The higher the price, the lower the demand  (Any 1) (1) 2.2.4 Indication of the form of elasticity PRODUCT 1 - Price elasticity of demand  (1) PRODUCT 2 - Price inelasticity of demand  (1) 2.2.5 Reason PRODUCT 1 - Demand changed drastically with change in price  (1) PRODUCT 2 - Demand remained high/constant despite the change in price  (1) 2.3 Free market system 2.3.1 Advantage of a free marketing system to the consumer  Consumer can benefit from better quality products/ fresh produce   Consumer can bargain through negotiating price   Consumer can buy wherever they want   Produce are cheaper as there is no intermediaries  (Any 1) (1) 2.3.2 TWO disadvantages of free marketing system for the producer  Greater price fluctuation   High market costs as marketing takes place on a small scale   Time is spent on marketing/producer responsible for marketing   Limited bargaining power/the producer acts as an individual   Smaller profit if the agent is not fully active   Greater financial loss if wrong decisions are made   Highly competitive   Risk/theft  (Any 2) (2) 2.3.3 TWO free marketing channels  Farm gate marketing   Fresh produce markets   Stock sales/auction   Direct/contract marketing   Internet marketing  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 5 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4 Marketing chain 2.4.1 Identification of the marketing chain Supply/Agri-business chain  (1) 2.4.2 Factor that may hamper the marketing at stage E  Spoilage/perishability/lack of storage facilities   Accidents/theft  (Any 1) (1) 2.4.3 TWO ways to improve agri-business chain  Improving road infrastructure   Improving access to market information   Providing storage facilities to prevent oversupply   Processing products close to where they are produced to reduce transportation costs   Use of refrigerated transport to prevent spoilage/perishability   Provision of access to finance   Grading/standardisation   Collective marketing  (Any 2) (2) 2.5 Entrepreneurship 2.5.1 Personal characteristics of an entrepreneur (a) - Innovation  (1) (b) - Interpersonal skill  (1) (c) - Perseverance  (1) (d) - Risk taking  (1) 2.5.2 TWO phases of entrepreneurial process  Identification of the business opportunities   Evaluating the opportunity   Developing a business plan/planning   Resource mobilization   Starting and managing the business  (Any 2) (2) 2.5.3 TWO problems of drawing up a business plan  Incomplete/incorrect financials details   Vague business plan   Unrealistic assumptions/over ambitiousness   Ignore risks/hiding weaknesses   Not highlighting potential competitors/competition   Who and where are the suppliers   Leaving gaps/leaving out technical details   Using the incorrect format   Insufficient research  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 6 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS 3.1 Capital 3.1.1 Identification of the type of credit Long-term credit  (1) 3.1.2 Explanation of long-term credit  Used to buy fixed capital assets   Repayable over a period of 10 - 30 years   At a lower interest rate   Offered by the financial institutions/Land Bank  (Any 2) (2) 3.1.3 Problems related to capital  Capital is scarce   Total amount due is high/capital is expensive   High risk factor  (Any 2) (2) 3.1.4 TWO other ways of creating capital  Savings   Production/sales   Grants   Inheritance   Gifts/donation/lottery   Potential investors/business partners  (Any 2) (2) 3.2 Management 3.2.1 Definition of management The effective combination/coordination of resources  to achieve a specific goal/maximise profit  (2) 3.2.2 THREE main components of management  Set goals   Planning   Organising/coordination/implementation   Directing/leading   Control/monitoring/supervision   Decision making   Communication  (Any 3) (3) 3.3 External forces that effect a business 3.3.1 Economic forces  (1) 3.3.2 Legal forces  (1) 3.3.3 Socio-cultural forces  (1) 3.3.4 Environmental forces  (1) 3.3.5 Technological forces  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 7 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4 Labour legislation 3.4.1 THREE aspects in the contract of a farm worker  Details of the employee   Leave   Working hours   Working on Sundays/public holidays   Daily and weekly rest periods/meal intervals   Deductions   Wages/pay slip/method of payment/allowance   Overtime   Termination of employment   Job description  (Any 3) (3) 3.4.2 Indication of the legislations (a) Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993)  (1) (b) Labour Relations Act (Act 66 of 1995)  (1) 3.5 Land 3.5.1 Indication of an economic characteristic of land represented Land cannot be destroyed/indestructibility  (1) 3.5.2 Other THREE economic characteristic of land  Land is subject to the law of diminishing returns   Land is durable   Land can be bought/sold/has value   Good agricultural land is limited   Land is found in a specific environment   Available agricultural land is limited/availability   Differences with regard to production potential/restrictedness   The value of land appreciates over time   It is a passive factor of production   It is a primary factor of production  (Any 3) (3) 3.5.3 TWO methods to improve land productivity  Water supply/provision   Farming land more efficiently/ consolidation of uneconomic farm units   Improving soil fertility/restoring land potential   Changing cropping practices and farming systems  Use of scientific farming methods  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 Budget 3.6.1 Identification of (a) Fixed costs - Insurance  (1) (b) Variable costs - Feed/sawdust/electricity/water/vaccines/ broilers/wages  (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.6.2 Calculation of a profit/loss Profit/loss = Total Income – Total Expenditure  = R83 450 – R56 400  = R27 050  OR = R83 450  – R56 400  = R27 050  (3) 3.6.3 TWO types of budget  Whole farm budget   Enterprise budget   Partial budget  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 4.1 Monohybrid crossing 4.1.1 Determination of the female genotype bb  (1) 4.1.2 Punnet square ♀ ♂ b b B Bb Bb B Bb Bb MARKING CRITERIA  Correct male gametes   Correct offspring   Punnet square with gametes and offspring   All the offspring are black  (4) 4.1.3 Identification of the type of dominance Complete dominance  (1) 4.1.4 Reason Black colour is dominant over white colour/white colour is recessive to black colour/one allele masks/over shadows the other  (1) 4.2 Dihybrid crossing 4.2.1 Identification of the type of crossing Dihybrid crossing  (1) 4.2.2 REASON This crossing involves two different characteristics/ colour and shape  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 9 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.2.3 ONE of the offspring which is different from that of parents  BBRr   BBRR   BbRR  (Any 1) (1) 4.3 Pedigree diagram 4.3.1 Indication of homozygous or heterozygous Homozygous  (1) 4.3.2 Reason to motivate for homozygous Similar alleles  (1) 4.3.3 Determination of (a) F2 phenotype: 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white  (1) (b) Percentage of red offspring - 25%  (1) 4.4 Variation 4.4.1 Indication of the genetic phenomenon Variation  (1) 4.4.2 Definition of the genetic phenomenon  The difference that occurs amongst individuals  of the same species   Difference in the genotype and phenotype  of the same species  (Any 1) (2) 4.4.3 THREE environmental factors  Soil factors   Temperature   Light intensity   Diseases and pests   Moisture/water content   Topography   Nutrition  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.4 Scientific term for the improvement Heterosis/hybrid vigour  (1) 4.4.5 The type of breeding system Cross breeding  (1) 4.5 Polygenic inheritance 4.5.1 Definition of polygenic inheritance Characteristic that is determined  by many different genes  (2) 4.5.2 Determination of the height of an AABB 30 cm + 10 cm + 10 cm + 10 cm + 10 cm  = 70 cm  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P2 10 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.5.3 THREE different genotypes of a 50 cm tomato plant  AAbb   aaBB   AaBb  (3) 4.6 Genetic modification 4.6.1 TWO techniques that can be used to modify plants  Agro-bacterium tumefaciens/bacterial carriers   Viral carriers   Biolistic   Calcium phosphate precipitation   Electroporation   Gene slicing   Gene silencing   Lipofection   Micro-injection   Chemicalporation  (Any 2) (2) 4.6.2 TWO advantages of GM crops  Improving the shelf life of produce   Improving the nutritional value of food   More resistance to insects/pests/diseases   Resistance to weed killers   More resistance to adverse environmental influences/factors   Increased yield  (Any 2) (2) 4.6.3 TWO disadvantages of GM crops  Health risks   Environmental risks   Personal/ethical/socio-cultural concerns   Reduced biodiversity   Socio-economic risks/expensive to emerging farmers  Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over