Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 NSC Supplementary 2016 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2016 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 A  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 Both A and B  1.2.3 None  1.2.4 Both A and B  1.2.5 A only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Vitamin K/phylloquinone  1.3.2 Rabies  1.3.3 Vaccination  1.3.4 Embryonic  1.3.5 Oxytocin  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Silage  1.4.2 Zinc/Zn  1.4.3 Pearson square  1.4.4 Fluke worm/liver fluke  1.4.5 Monozygotic/identical  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal of fowls 2.1.1 Identify A – Crop  B – Duodenum/small intestine  E – Pancreas  (3) 2.1.2 Ways in which structure C is adapted • Thick, muscular walls for grinding feed  • Presence of small stones for grinding feed  (2) 2.1.3 Identification of structure B and estimation of pH • Proventriculus/true stomach/glandular stomach  • pH less than 7/acidic  (2) 2.2 A schematic representation of the components of feeds 2.2.1 Identification of substances A – Dry matter/DM  B – Inorganic matter/minerals/elements/ash components  C – Vitamins  (3) 2.2.2 Distinction between oil and fat Oil – Unsaturated/liquid at room temperature/plant origin  Fat – Saturated/solid at room temperature/animal origin  (2) 2.2.3 End-products of digestion (a) Carbohydrate – Glucose/energy  (b) Protein – Amino acids  (2) 2.3 Fodder flow programme 2.3.1 Difference in feed requirement against the available feed for September Feed requirement 66 tons – feed available 54 tons = 12 tons deficit/shortage  (1) January Feed requirement 49 tons – feed available 78 tons = 29 tons surplus/excess  (1) 2.3.2 Calculation of the total DM available for B 40 + 35 + 54 + 46 + 17 + 30 + 20 + 10 + 10 + 32  = 294 tons  (2) 2.3.3 The month when the veld supplied 15 tons of fodder February  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum 2.4 Co-efficient of digestibility of green lucerne 2.4.1 Determination of the co-efficient of digestibility of the green lucerne DC = Dry matter intake (kg) – dry matter excreted (kg) x 100  dry matter intake (kg) 1 = DM intake 2,5 kg x 0,6 = 1,5 kg moisture 2,5 kg – 1,5 kg = 1,0 kg DM  OR DM intake 2,5 kg x 0,4 = 1,0 kg DM = 1,0 kg – 0,255 kg x 100  1,0 kg 1 = 74,5  %  (5) 2.4.2 Specific nutrient which fits each of the following descriptions: (a) Iron/Fe  (b) Cobalt/Co  (c) Vitamin B 2 /riboflavin  (d) Calcium/Ca  (4) 2.5 Data representing the laboratory results of THREE feed 2.5.1 Calculation of the NR for feed 2 NR = 1: TDN% - DP%  DP% = 1: 75% - 15%  OR = 1: 60%  15% 15% NR = 1: 4  (3) 2.5.2 Identification of the feed (1, 2 or 3) recommended • Feed 2  (1) 2.5.3 Reason to justify the answer in QUESTION 2.5.2 • It has a narrower nutritive ratio  • Suggesting a comparatively higher protein necessary for milk production  (Any 1) (1) 2.5.4 The cheapest feed Feed 3  (1) 2.5.5 Reason for the answer in QUESTION 2.5.4 • This feed has a lower protein content  • Feed with lower protein is cheap  (Any 1) (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 An illustration of a proper housing structure for keeping broilers 3.1.1 Requirements of the roofing material to regulate temperature • Have a reflective surface on the outside  • Help to reduce conduction of heat  (2) 3.1.2 TWO other ways in which temperature can be regulated • Heat lamps/heaters in cold weather  • Ventilation systems  • Air conditioning  (Any 2) (2) 3.1.3 Best orientation for a broiler house • East  Reason • To reduce the effect of direct sunlight  (2) 3.1.4 TWO purposes of the part labelled A • To allow ventilation/air flow  • To allow diffused sunlight  (2) 3.2 The role of shelter in animal production 3.2.1 Forms of shelter • Planting trees  • Building kraals  • Erecting concrete walls (Any 2) (2) 3.2.2 Consequences of lack of shelter • Lower/slower growth/production  • Exposure to predators  • Exposure to pests  • Stock theft  • Higher feed intake when it is cold • lower feed intake when it is hot  (Any 3) (3) 3.2.3 Reason to use up more energy • To provide energy to sustain their body temperature  (1) 3.3 The life cycles of two external parasites (ticks A and B) 3.3.1 Length for hatching of tick A's eggs • 1 month  (1) 3.3.2 Disadvantage to cattle • Open wounds form  • Through which blowflies can attack animals  • This can cause diseases  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum 3.3.3 TWO reasons for preventing parasite infestation • Infected animals may die/Loss of production/income  • Medication/treatment is expensive/higher production cost  (2) 3.3.4 Reasons why is it difficult to control the numbers of tick B • The adult stage is only found in birds  • Which is difficult to catch/control/treat  (2) 3.4 The role of the state in regulating farming practises 3.4.1 Type of research done by the state at the Veterinary Institute • Veterinary research to improve vaccines/diagnostic/new products  • Surveillance/control/preventing diseases  • Producing disease/blood vaccines  (3) 3.4.2 Purpose of a quarantine station • To isolate/detain animals and  • prevent diseases/pests entering/spreading in the country  (2) 3.4.3 Other roles the state play to protect the animal industry • Animal health schemes  • Duties of owners of animals  • Import bans  • Importation of vaccines  • Movement permits  (Any 2) (2) 3.5 The temperature required by farm animals 3.5.1 Bar graph The temperature requirments of farm animals 30 Lower critical temp. Optimum temp. 25 Temperature (OC) 20 15 10 5 0 Cow Calf Piglet Layer Broiler Type of animal Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines Correct heading  X axis – correctly calibrated and labelled (Type of animal)  Y axis – correctly calibrated and labelled (Temperature)  Correct units (oC)  Accuracy  Bar graph  (6) 3.5.2 Deduction of farm animal with highest optimum temperature Piglet  (1) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The stages of the oestrus cycle in a cow 4.1.1 Indication of oestrus cycle stages: (a) C (1) (b) B (1) (c) A (1) 4.1.2 Hormones during stage C (a) Oestrogen  (1) (b) Luteinising hormone  (1) 4.1.3 The role of the hormone • Responsible for the rupturing of the membrane of the Graafian follicle  • It initiates ovulation  (Any 1) (1) 4.1.4 Identification of the stage of the oestrus cycle labelled B Pro-oestrus  (1) 4.2 The female reproductive tract 4.2.1 Deposition of semen: (a) G (1) (b) F/E  (1) 4.2.2 Identification of the structure collecting the ripe follicle: (a) A  Infundibulum  (2) (b) B  Ampulla  (2) 4.2.3 Concept of ovulation • Process whereby the membrane containing the ripe follicle bursts with the help of LH and  • the ripe ovum is released into the infundibulum  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum 4.3 The process of spermatogenesis 4.3.1 Deduction on the type of cell division: Meiosis  Reason - genetic material is reduced into half/diploid(2n) changed into haploid (n)/reduction division  (2) 4.3.2 The stages of spermatogenesis: C – Formation of the spermatids  D – Formation of sperm cells/spermatozoa  (2) 4.3.3 Part of the testes where spermatogenesis takes place • Tubules seminiferous  (1) 4.3.4 The organ where the spermatozoa achieve mobility • Epididymis  (1) 4.3.5 Similarity between spermatogenesis and oogenesis • Both occur through meiosis to produce haploid cells  • Both produce gametes/sex cells  (Any 1) (1) 4.4 Mating during oestrus 4.4.1 Devices to detect oestrus in the cow • Pedometer  • Chin-ball marker  • Tail-chalking  • Kamar heatmount detector  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.2 Sequential order of FOUR reproductive hormones that are produced by a cow • Progesterone  • Luteotrophic hormone/LTH/prolactin  • Relaxin  • Oxytocin  (Any 4) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016 NSC – Memorandum 4.5 Embryo transfer (ET) and superovulation 4.5.1 Definition of superovulation • The production of a larger number of ova  • at one ovulation  (2) 4.5.2 THREE advantages of embryo transfer (ET) • More progeny can be produced  • Higher profits due to increase in sales  • Productive lives of cows are increased  • Genetics of the herd is conserved  • Superior genes are introduced into the herd  (Any 3) (3) 4.5.3 Reason for using proven bulls • To introduce superior/desirable genes into the herd rapidly and economically  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved