Geography Grade 10 P1 2020 Memo (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2020 GEOGRAPHY P1 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A (drought) 1.1.2 A (convection) 1.1.3 D (greenhouse gases) 1.1.4 D (troposphere) 1.1.5 D (chlorofluorocarbons) 1.1.6 C (precipitation) 1.1.7 A (frost) 1.1.8 C (synoptic weather map) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 D (Cumulonimbus cloud) 1.2.2 H (Oxygen) 1.2.3 F (Ozone) 1.2.4 A (Insolation) 1.2.5 B (Terrestrial radiation) 1.2.6 C (Tropopause) 1.2.7 E (Scattering) (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Changing rain and snow patterns Changes in animal migration and life cycles Less snow and ice Higher temperatures and more heat waves Stronger storms More droughts and wildfires Thawing permafrost Damaged corals Rising sea levels Warmer ocean (Any 2 x 1) (2) 1.3.3 Methane Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Ozone Chlorofluorocarbon (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.3.4 Power stations and factories burn fossil fuels Deforestation Livestock especially cattle Aerosols release CFCs and harlocarbons into the atmosphere Waste dumps release methane into the atmosphere Increasing rice production causes the release more methane (Any 2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Reduce the overall emissions of greenhouse gases Use solar energy Reduce the emission of methane Promote sustainable forms of agriculture Heavy fines Reduce population numbers Plant more trees to absorb Use public transport Public education (Any 3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 Summer (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Gauteng (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 (a) Cumulonimbus (1 x 1) (1) (b) Lightning Hailstones Heavy rainfall Thunderstorms Cloudy (Any 2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Thunderstorm is accompanied by rainfall There will be enough water for crops and animals There will be enough water for domestic use (Any 2 x 1) (2) 1.4.5 Heavy rainfalls can cause flash floods which may lead to the destruction of infrastructure and houses The impact thunderstorms have on people can be very harmful e.g. electrocution, shock and even deaths Thunder can destroy the environment It can hurt/scare animals It can burn vegetation (Any 4 x 2) (8) 1.5 1.5.1 Isobar (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 (a) A - High Pressure (1 x 1) (1) (b) B - Low Pressure (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 1 020 hPa (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.4 (a) Summer (1 x 1) (1) (b) Low pressure in the interior High pressure further away from land (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 1.5.5 Air temperature 16° C Wind direction South West Wind speed 10 knots Precipitation None Cloud cover Overcast (5 x 1) (5) 1.5.6 (1 x 2) (2) [60] QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 C (geomorphology) 2.1.2 A (Laccolith) 2.1.3 D (continental drift) 2.1.4 B (Pangaea) 2.1.5 A (Crust) 2.1.6 B (Batholith) 2.1.7 A (Mesa, butte and conical hill) 2.1.8 A (rock cycle) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 Earthquake (1 x 1) (1) 2.2.2 A – Focus B – Epicentre C – Seismic waves D – Fault line (4 x 1) (4) 2.2.3 more destruction (1 x 1) (1) 2.2.4 Seismograph (1 x 1) (1) 2.3 2.3.1 Folding is the bending of rocks into folds due to strong compressional forces from the sides while faulting is a crack which forms in rocks as a result of continuous tension and compression forces. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.2 (a) An upfold – anticline (1 x 1) (1) (b) A downfold – syncline (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 (a) X – normal fault (1 x 1) (1) (b) Y – reverse fault (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Tensional force (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 2.3.5 Importance of Lake Victoria Provides water for domestic and agricultural purposes Employment and job creation through fishing Food supply, given by the per capita fish quantities as well as the contribution of fish to animal protein at the national level Tourist attraction Importance of Mount Kilimanjaro Generates revenue for the park and the local people It alleviates poverty Creation of employment opportunities It enhances infrastructure to keep up with rising park prices and tourist expectations (Any four. Must refer to both Lake Victoria and Mount Kilimanjaro) (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 Rocks which form when magma cools (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Basalt Dolrite Granite (3 x 1) (3) 2.4.3 Magma – Molten rock (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 It forms when the release of pressure causes magma to travel up the line of weakness The magma then solidifies either under or over the earth surface This becomes intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Uses of Igneous rocks Contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, iron, and manganese Mining activities can take place to generate income Serves as building materials Can be used to make tombstones (Any 3 x 2) (6) 2.5 2.5.1 (a) 4% (1 x 1) (1) (b) 20% (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Physical defenses Well-practised evacuation procedures (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.5.3 Damage to infrastructure Loss of lives Injury to people Buildings destroyed Destroys farmlands Destroys the natural environment Objects swallowed by earth (Any 3 x 2) (6) 2.5.4 Provide them with shelter Provide them with food Doctors and social workers must be sent there to treat those who were injured Firefighters must be sent to Nepal Give them money to start their lives Provide them with clean water (Any 3 x 2) (6) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 SECTION B QUESTION 3 3.1 MAPWORK CALCULATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 (a) 5 metres (1 x 1) (1) (b) 5 times smaller (1 x 1) (1) (c) Dam (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 Area = length (L) x breadth (B) = 1,2 cm x 0,8 cm = (1,2 cm / 10) x (0,8 / 10) = 0,12 km x 0,08 km = 0,0096 km2 (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.3 (a) Difference in height = 209 m – 207,3 m = 1,7 m (2 x 1) (2) (b) Gentle (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 MAP AND PHOTO APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 (a) Road/ Railway (1 x 1) (1) (b) Kromriver (1 x 1) (1) (c) Reservoir (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 (a) July (1 x 1) (1) (b) October (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 - The landscape loses shape - It leads to land degradation /desertification - Top soil/fertile soil with nutrients is lost - Land loses importance for cultivation - Plant and animal species lost by clearing vegetation - It facilitates soil erosion (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 3.2.4 - Dam water can overspread causing flood into the settlement - They are located on a lower ground - Mosquitos in summer cause malaria (disease) - Unclean water especially in dry seasons cause cholera (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 3.3.1 Geographical Information System (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Oblique photograph (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 FEATURE NODE LINEAR POLYGON Cultivated land x Reservoir x Main road x (3 x 1) (3) 3.3.4 (a) Data layering (1 x 1) (1) (b) - Computers are faster - More information is coming into the world - GIS can be used in daily lives (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over