Geography Grade 10 Eastern Cape June 2024 Paper & Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY MAY 2024 EXAMINATION MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 HOUR This question paper consists of 15 pages 1

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS 2. SECTION A consists of TWO questions of 60 marks each. 3. SECTION B consists of ONE question of 30 marks 4. All THREE questions are COMPULSORY. 5. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER 6. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered. 7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Number the answers in the centre of the line. 8. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 9. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 10. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you must state, name, identify or list 11. Write neatly and legibly 2

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1. The layer of gas surrounding the earth on which all life depends is called the… A. lithosphere B. atmosphere C. hydrosphere D. tectonosphere 1.1.2. … is an example of a permanent gas found in the atmosphere. A. ozone B. methane C. nitrogen D. sulphur dioxide. 1.1.3. The process whereby the lowest parts of the atmosphere is heated by contact with the warm earth surface is known as… A. convection B. reflection C. conduction D. absorption 1.1.4. Mountains are colder than low lying areas because the … A. temperature of warm air increases with height. B. rising cold air decrease in temperature with height. C. temperature of warm air decreases with height. D. Warm air subsides with height. 3

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 1.1.5. The amount of water vapour in the air compared to how much water vapour the air can hold is called… A. Absolute humidity B. Condensation C. Dew point temperature D. Relative humidity 1.1.6. Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with … A. thunderstorms B. fine weather C. slight drizzle D. light rain 1.1.7 The temperature at which the condensation of water vapour takes place is known as … A. condensation. B. evaporation. C. sublimation. D. dew point temperature. (7x1) (7) 1.2. Study the sketch on the layers of the atmosphere. 1.2.1. Identify the layer where ozone is found. 4

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 1.2.2. Name the layer responsible for protecting the earth against dangerous ultra-violet rays of the sun. 1.2.3. Identify the layer which seperates the troposphere and stratosphere. 1.2.4. Name the layer where all weather producing processes occurs. 1.2.5. Which layer is responsible for protecting the earth against dust and rocks from space? 1.2.6. Identify the coldest layer of the atmosphere. 1.2.7. In which layer will oxygen be found? 1.2.8. In which layer will long distance aircraft fly? (8x1) (8) 1.3. Study the infographic on the greenhouse effect. [Source: Google image] 1.3.1. Explain the concept: the greenhouse effect? (1x2) (2) 1.3.2. According to the pie graph, which sector contributes the most to greenhouse emissions globally? (1x1) (1) 5

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 1.3.3. Name ONE greenhouse gas emitted by this sector. (Answer to 1.3.2.) (1x2) (2) 1.3.4. Explain how continuous emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere will have a negative impact on the environment. (2x2) (4) 1.3.5. Suggest THREE strategies this sector (Answer to 1.3.2) can implement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. (3x2) (6) (15) 1.4 Study the sketch on a type of rainfall. 1.4.1. Identify the type of rainfall in the sketch. (1x1) (1) 1.4.2. On which side of the mountain is vegetation found (Windward or Leeward) (1x1) (1) 1.4.3. Give ONE reason why more vegetation will be growing on this side of the mountain. (Answer to Question 1.4.2.) (1x1) (1) 1.4.4. Briefly explain how this type of rainfall is formed. (Answer to Question 1.4.1) (2x2) (4) 6

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 1.4.5. In a paragraph of not more than EIGHT lines explain the negative physical impact of this type of rainfall on this side of the mountain (Answer to Question 1.4.2) (4x2) (8) (15) 1.5. Study the synoptic map. 1.5.1. What is a synoptic weather map? (1x1) (1) 1.5.2. What is the season of the map? (1x1) (1) 1.5.3. Give ONE reason for your answer to question 1.5.2. (1x2) (2) 1.5.4. What type of pressure cell is found at A on the synoptic weather map? (1x2) (2) 1.5.5. Study the weather station of Lüderitz at C on the synoptic map and state the: (a) cloud cover (1x1) (1) 7

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 (b) windspeed (1x1) (1) (c) wind direction (1x1) (1) 1.5.6 Explain why the temperature of Lüderitz (24 0 C) is much lower than the temperature of Durban (290 C). (3x2) (6) (15) [60] QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1. Study the diagram on the structure of the earth. Give ONE term that best describe each of the descriptions below. Write only the term next to the question number (2.1.1) in the ANSWER BOOK. The same term may be used for more than one answer. 2.1.1. This layer is semi molten and about 2900 km thick 2.1.2. A very solid layer and the depth of this layer varies between 10 km and 70 km . 2.1.3 This layer is extremely hot and solid because of extreme pressure. 8

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 2.1.4. Nickel and Iron is found in this layer. 2.1.5. This layer is thicker under the continents and thinner under the oceans. 2.1.6. Continental Plates drift on this layer. 2.1.7. This layer is mostly formed of granite. (7x1) (7) 2.2. Match the terms in COLUMN B with the descriptions in COLUMN A. write only the correct letter (A–H) next to the corresponding question number. (2.2.1–2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example, 2.2.8 K. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.2.1 A rock that has been changed by heat, A Fold mountain pressure or both 2.2.2 An example of igneous rock B Sedimentary rock 2.2.3 Metamorphic rock which changes from granite C Metamorphic rock 2.2.4 Rocks which form when magma cools D Granite 2.2.5 Rocks which forms from plants and animals that were once alive. E Gneis 2.2.6 Remains of plant and animals F Igneous rocks 2.2.7 Mountains formed by the compression of sedimentary rock strata during plate movement G Anticline 2.2.8 The bottom part of a fold H Fossils (8x1) (8) 9

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 2.3. Study the sketch on Continental drift. 2.3.1. What are plate tectonics? (1x2) (2) 2.3.2. Name the original landmass that existed 250 million years ago. (1x1) (1) 2.3.3. Name the TWO landmasses found in the north and south respectively when this large landmass split. (2x1) (2) 2.3.4. Name any TWO of the present-day continents that used to be part (2x1) (2) of the south when the big landmass split. 2.3.5. Explain FOUR pieces of evidence to prove the theory that the continents were once joined together. (4x2) (8) 10

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 2.4. Study the infographic on the Haiti earthquake. Case Study: Haiti Earthquake, 2021 On 14th August 2021 a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Haiti in the Caribbean. The plate boundaries around Haiti are complex. The North American Plate lies to the north and the Caribbean Plate to the south. The earthquake took place at a conservative plate boundary, where the Caribbean plate moved eastwards. The focus was only 10 km deep, and the epicentre was 125 km from the capital Port-au-Prince. Years of exploitation from outside countries, dating back to the enslavement of the island’s people after Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492, and political unrest within Haiti have resulted in the country’s current standing as the poorest in Latin America. The unrest and poverty have translated to the development of the region, which is rife with substandard structures and building materials. Many structures use concrete, which is inexpensive and can be used to create heavy walls and roofs that resist hurricane winds. But much of the region's concrete is unreinforced, and it readily crumbles under the shaking of earthquakes. 2.4.1. What is an earthquake? (1x2) (2) 2.4.2. Where in Haiti did the earthquake occur? (1x1) (1) 2.4.3. According to the article, the focus was only 10 km deep. Define the concept focus. (1x2) (2) 11

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 2.4.4. Explain the negative impact of this earthquake on the people living close to the epicentre of the earthquake. (2x2) (4) 2.4.5. What strategies can Haiti implement to reduce the impact of earthquakes? (3x2) (6) 2.5. Study the sketch on a type of volcano. [Source: Google image] 2.5.1. What is an active volcano? (1x2) (2) 2.5.2. Identify the type of volcano illustrated in the sketch. (1x1) (1) 2.5.3. Give one reason for your answer for QUESTION 2.5.2. (1x2) (2) 2.5.4. Briefly explain how the side vents of the volcano is formed. (2x2) (4) 2.5.5. Explain the positive economic impact of volcanoes for a country. (3x2) (6) (15) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 12

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON MERRIVALE Coordinates: 29°31'S; 30°14'E Merrivale is a town in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It is 145 km north-west of Durban and 5 km south-east of Howick. Merrivale experiences warm wet summers and dry winter seasons. The temperatures between winter and summer range from 5 °C to 32 °C. The topography within the surroundings of Merrivale varies in elevation from 1 018 metres to 2 308,8 metres above sea level. [Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrivale. The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographic map: ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Diggings Delwery Mooi River Mooirivier Sewerage Works Rioolwerke Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat 13

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1. The 29 in the map reference represents the… A. latitude B. longitude C. contour interval. D. scale. (1x1) (1) 3.1.2. The contour interval of the orthophoto map is…. A. 20 metres B. 10 metres C. 5 metres D. 15 metres (1x1) (1) Refer to the orthophoto map. 3.1.3. Calculate the straight-line distance in metres (m) that the power line covers from 6 in block B3 to 7 in block C5. Formula: Actual Distance = Map distance x Map scale (2x1) (2) Refer to the topographic map . 3.1.4. What is the compass direction from Trigonometrical station 156 in block D3 to spot height 1388 in block D4? (1x1) (1) 3.1.5. Calculate the True Bearing from Trigonometrical station 156 in block D3 to spot height 1388 in block D4. (1x2) (2) 3.1.6. Which one Compass direction or True bearing will be a more accurate (1x1) (1) method to determine direction? 3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION Refer to the orthophoto map 3.2.1. The orthophoto is an example of a … A. Low oblique aerial photograph B. High oblique aerial photograph C. Vertical photograph D. Horizontal photograph (1x1) (1) 14

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY JUNE EXAMINATION 2024 3.2.2 Why do we find the row of trees around the farm in block A5? (1x2) (2) Give a reason. Refer to block D4 on the orthophoto map. 3.2.3 (a) Which time of the day (morning/afternoon) was the photograph taken? (1x1) (1) (b) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.2(a). (1x2) (2) Refer to river H in block B1 on the topographic map. 3.2.4. (a) In which direction is the river flowing? (1x2) (2) (b) Give evidence from the topographic map to support your (1x2) (2) answer for QUESTION 3.2.5.(a) Refer to the topographic map 3.2.5. Explain why farming is not possible in block D3 (1x2) (2) 3.3. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1. What is Geographical information systems? (1x2) (2) 3.3.2 Refer to block C2 on the topographic map and state one example of each of the following spatial features. (a) Line feature. (b) Point feature. (2x1) (2) . 3.3.3. Is the Orthophoto an example of raster data or vector data? (1x1) (1) 3.3.4. What is remote sensing? (1x1) (1) 3.3.5 State TWO advantages of remote sensing. (2x2) (4) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 15

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY MAY 2024 Marking Guide MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 HOUR This marking guide consists of 7 pages

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com 1.1. 1.1.1. B (1) 1.1.2. C (1) 1.1.3. C (1) 1.1.4. C (1) 1.1.5. D (1) 1.1.6. A (1) 1.1.7. D (1) (7X1) (7) 1.2. 1.2.1. Stratosphere (1) 1.2.2. Stratosphere (1) 1.2.3. Tropopause (1) 1.2.4. Troposphere (1) 1.2.5. Mesosphere (1) 1.2.6. Mesosphere (1) 1.2.7. Troposphere (1) 1.2.8. Stratosphere (1) (8x1) (8) 1.3. 1.3.1. The process whereby heat is trapped close to the surface of the earth by greenhouse gasses. (2) (CONCEPT) (1x2) (2) 1.3.2. Electricity and heat production (1) (1x1) (1) 1.3.3. Carbon dioxide (2) (2x1) (2) 1.3.4. Global temperature rises and leads to the melting of Ice caps. (2) (2x1) (2) Plants and animals that cannot adapt to higher temperatures die and become extinct. (2) (2x1) (2) More droughts and floods (2) Warmer oceans leads to marine life and coral reefs to die. (2) (ANY TWO) (2x2) (4) 1.3.5. Introduce measures to save electricity. (2) Switch to renewable sources of generating electricity. (2) Introduce carbon tax on generation of electricity. (2) Introduce an energy tax on combined heat and power (2) (ANY THREE) (3x2) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com 1.4. 1.4.1. Orographic/relief (1) (1x1) (1) 1.4.2. Windward (1) (1x1) (1) 1.4.3. The windward side of the mountain receives the most rain. (1) (1x1) (1) 1.4.4. Warm moist Air rises from the ocean when the warm air reaches a mountain, the mountain forces the air upwards (2) This causes the air to cool as it rises and condensation starts, leading to rain. (2) (2x2) (4) 1.4.5 Heavy rainfall can lead to soil erosion (2) Landslides damaging the natural vegetation (2) Biodiversity can be destroyed because of landslides (2) Loss of habitats (2) Food chains/food webs destroyed. (2) Mudslides due to heavy rain can destroy the environment. (2) Rockfalls can damage the environment. (2) (4x2) (8) 1.5. 1.5.1. Synoptic weather maps offer a summary of weather conditions over a country over a particular period. (1x1) (1) (CONCEPT) 1.5.2. Summer (1x1) (1) 1.5.3. High temperatures over the interior (2) Low pressure cell over the interior of the country. (2) (ANY ONE) (2x1) (2) 1.5.4. High pressure cell (2) (2x1) (2) 1.5.5. (a) clear skies (1) (b) 35 knots (1) (c) North westerly (1) (3x1) (3) 1.5.6. Lüderitz is located on the west coast and experience lower temperatures because of the cold Benguela Ocean current. (2) The prevailing winds from the cold ocean lower the temperature of Lüderitz. (2) Durban is situated on East Coast and experience higher temperatures because of the Warm Mozambique/Agulhas Ocean current (2) (3x2) (6) TOTAL 60 QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com 2.1.1. Mantle (1) 2.1.2. Crust (1) 2.1.3. Inner core (1) 2.1.4 Outer core (1) 2.1.5. Crust (1) 2.1.6 Mantle (1) 2.1.7. Crust (1) (7x1) (7) 2.2. 2.2.1. C (1) 2.2.2. D (1) 2.2.3. E (1) 2.2.4. F (1) 2.2.5. B (1) 2.2.6. H (1) 2.2.7. A (1) 2.2.8. G (1) (8x1) (8) 2.3. 2.3.1. The theory that describes the earth surface as consisting of several plates that are slowly moving. (2) (CONCEPT) (1x2) (2) 2.3.2. Pangaea (1) (1x1) (1) 2.3.3. North – Laurasia (1) South- Gondawanaland (1) (2x1) (2) 2.3.4. South America (1) Africa (1) Australia (1) Antarctica (1) (ANY TWO) (2x1) (2) 2.3.5. The east coast of South America fits the west coast of Africa almost perfectly at 2 000 m below sea level. (2) Geology and fossils of Africa and South America are similar (2) Rock formations along South Africa’s west coastline match those along South America’s east coastline. (2) Similar coal deposits are found in the same stratigraphic positions in Antarctica, South America, India, Africa and Australia (2) Lystrosaurus (which could not swim) fossils are found in Africa, India and Antarctica. (2) The contents fit like a puzzle. (2) (4x2) (8) (ANY FOUR)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com 2.4.1. Vibration in the earth crust. Vibrations are sent in the form of shockwaves from the point in the crust where faulting and movement occur. (2) (1x2) (2) (CONCEPT) 2.4.2. The earthquake took place at a conservative plate boundary, where the Caribbean plate moves eastwards. (1) (1x1) (1) 2.4.3. The point below the earth where the earthquake occurs. (2) (1x2) (2) 2.4.4. High fatalities in densely populated areas, instant loss. (2) People lose their homes. (2) Infrastructure destroyed makes communication difficult. (2) Secondary hazards such as fires, mudslides often follow an earthquake which can cause more fatalities and injuries. (2) (2x2) (4) (ANY TWO) 2.4.5. Setting up earthquake warning systems (2) Building safer buildings (2) Establish evacuation routes (2) Establishment of first aid stations with volunteer doctors and nurses. (2) (3x2) (6) (ANY THREE) 2.5 2.5.1. A volcano that erupts on a regular basis (2) (1x2) (2) 2.5.2. Composite volcano (1) (1x1) (1) 2.5.3. Alternating layers of ash and lava (2) Steep sided conical peak. (2) (2x1) (2) 2.5.4. Lava solidifies in the main vent causing it to block. (2) The molten lava in the chamber finds a new exit on the side of the cone. (2) (2x2) (4) 2.5.5. Volcanic soils are fertile and allow intensive agriculture to take place. (2) Higher yields lead to more exports. (2) Volcanic areas attract tourist this can create more jobs in the tourist industry. (2) Hot springs can be used for heating houses and attract tourist. (3x2) (6) (ANY THREE) 3.1.1. A (1) (1x1) (1) 3.1.2. C (1) (1x1) (1) 3.1.3. 9,1 cm x100 =910 metres (2) (2x1) (2) (Range 900-920)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com 3.1.4. South easterly (2) (2x1) (2) 3.1.5. 1300 (2) (2x1) (2) 3.1.6. True Bearing (2) (2X1) (2) 3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1. C 3.2.2. Wind breaker. Prevent soil erosion (2x1) (2) 3.2.3. (a) morning (1) (1x1) (1) (b) The shadows fall in a south-westerly direction (2) (2x1) (2) 3.2.4 (a) Norh easterly (2x1) (2) (b) The river flows towards the dam (2) The V-shape contour lines point in a south-westerly direction (2) Height decreases in a northerly direction (2) (2x1) (2) (ANY ONE) 3.2.5. The contours are close together (2) Slope is to steep (2) (2x1) (2) 3.3. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3.3.1. Computer system which captures, stores, analyses, manipulate and display geographical data. (1x2) (2) 3.3.2. (a) power line(1) , main(1) road contour line (1) other road(1) (ANY ONE) (b) Reservoir (1) spot height (1) (2x1) (2) ( ANY ONE) 3.3.3. Raster (1) (1x1) (1) 3.3.4. Capturing data from a distance using satellites, drones. (1) (1x1) (1) 3.3.5 You don’t physically have to be around the area of study. (1) (2X1) (2) Can obtain information of areas that are inaccessible. (1) Does not disturb natural inhabitants. (1) Can cover a large area from above the ground. (1)