Geography Grade 12 Free State March Test 2025 Memo

S KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE EDUCATION REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MARKING GUIDELINES COMMON ASSESSMENT TASK MARCH 2025 TEST MARKS: 60 N.B. This marking guidelines consist of 5 pages.

March 2025 Test QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 11 1.1.1. B (Moisture front) 1.1.2 A (The interaction of cold, dry air with warm, moist air) 1.1.3. A (Intense thunderstorms and rainfall) 1.1.4 B (Warm, moist air from the Mozambique Current is forced to rise along the escarpment) 1.1.5 C (warm moist air) 1.1.6 D (Stronger inflow of warm, moist air from the east) (6 x 1) (6) 1.2 1.2.1 Westwards From east to west (1.x 1) (1) 1.2.2 Sea surface temperatures must be 26.5°C and above. Warm ocean where the air pressure is low. Sufficient moisture. / release of the latent heat / large scale evaporation Presence of Coriolis force / between 5°N/S to 25° N/S latitudes Surface convergence / Unstable atmospheric condition Upper air divergence Calm windless conditions / Little/less friction / low wind shear ANY TWO (2 x 1) (2) 1.2.3 Tropical Cyclone Bheki weakened because it moved over cooler ocean waters, reducing the energy available to sustain it. High atmospheric pressure over cold ocean. Less moisture over the land / Less latent heat Friction over the land ANY ONE (1x 1)(1) 1.2.4 Social — Floods with result in water-borne diseases (accept examples) - Disruption of businesses, transport and utility by floods. - Flight disruptions at regional airport by strong winds - Temporary closure of ports due to storm surges by strong winds Environment - Heavy rainfall result in flooding - Landslides due to flooding - Coastal erosion due to storm surges - Disruption of ecosystem and biodiversity due to flooding (accept examples). ANY TWO (leaner must DISCUSS at least one from both social and environmental) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.2.5 - 1.3 March 2025 Test Authorities should implement an effective early warning system to alert residents in advance. Communities should be educated on evacuation procedures and emergency preparedness through awareness campaigns. Infrastructure in cyclone-prone areas, such as houses, schools, and hospitals, should be strengthened to withstand high winds and flooding. Emergency shelters should be established in safe locations / high lying areas to accommodate displaced individuals. Drainage systems should be upgraded to reduce flooding. Authorities should ensure the availability of emergency supplies like food, water, and medical kits for post-disaster relief. Post-cyclone health interventions, such as water purification and vaccination programmes, can help prevent disease outbreaks caused by contaminated floodwaters. ANY TWO (2 x 2)(4) 1.3.1. Higher temperature over the city surrounded by lower temperatures in rural areas. An urban heat island is a localized area within a city or metropolitan area that experiences significantly higher temperatures than its surrounding rural area. [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 10°C (34°C — 24°C). Area A has lower temperatures while area B has higher temperatures. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Area B has less / no vegetation which increases temperatures Areas A has more vegetation which lowers temperature. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 - Copyright reserved Increase the number of trees and green spaces in urban areas to provide shade and reduce surface temperatures. Create cool roofs (eco roofs/green roofs/ roof gardens) or reflective building materials that help cool down buildings. Develop water features, such as ponds or fountains, in urban areas to help cool the air through evaporation Use reflective or light-colored materials for pavements, roads, and sidewalks Plant more trees along streets and in urban spaces to enhance natural cooling through shade and transpiration, reducing the overall heat retention in these areas. Replace traditional impervious/impermeable surfaces with permeable materials (e.g. permeable paving, grasscrete) that allow water to pass through, reducing surface temperatures and increasing the natural cooling effect. Industrial and commercial decentralisation Education campaigns on green policies/ encourage recycling in cities. Reduce the number of private vehicles in cities / improve public transport ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) Please turn over

March 2025 Test QUESTION 2 2.4 2.1.1 Y (upper course) (1) 2.1.2 Z (low) (1) 2.1.3. Y (flood plain) (1) 2.1.4 Y (drainage basin) (1) 2.1.5 Z (laminar) (1) 2.1.6 Y (longitudinal) (1) (6 x 1) (6) 2.2 2.2.1 Drainage density is the total length of all streams and rivers in a drainage basin divided by the total area of the basin. [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 A= drainage density is high B= drainage density is low (2 x 1) (2) 2.2.3 - Gentle soaking rain enables more water to infiltrate the soil resulting is less density at B. - Flat land encourages more infiltration and less surface run-off resulting in lower drainage density - More/dense vegetation increases infiltration reducing drainage density - Less tributaries at B results in a lower density - High evaporation rates decrease the amount of water in rivers - Dry ground absorbs greater amount of moisture resulting in less density - High degree of porosity increases infiltration reducing drainage density. - High degree of permeability results in greater infiltration and less drainage density ANY FOUR (4 x 2)(8) 2:3 2.3.1 Meander (do NOT ACCEPT meandering) (1.x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Lower course (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3. Erosion (1x 1)(1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

March 2025 Test 2.3.4 Undercut slope Slip-off slope 1 mark for slip off slope 41 mark for undercut slope 1 mark for correct diagram (3 x 1) (3) 2.3.5 -Meanders have fertile soil which is good for farming - Buildings and infrastructure near the outer banks are at risk of being flooded - Increases recreational activities (accept examples) - Flat land is useful for human settlement - Availability of water for farming (accept examples) - Availability of water for domestic use ANY THREE (3 x 2) (6) TOTAL: 60 Copyright reserved