Geography Grade 12 P1 NSC November 2015 Addendum (English)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2015 ANNEXURE This annexure consists of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 1.1: ANTICYCLONES OVER SOUTH AFRICA West Kalahari East Escarpment high-pressure Escarpment system Coastal plain Coastal plain South Atlantic South Indian high-pressure Inland plateau high-pressure system system Cold Warm Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean [Adapted from cnx.org] FIGURE 1.2: DRAINAGE BASIN AND ITS PROFILE Sea Alluvium [Adapted from Ohio Stream Management Guide 3] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 3 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 1.3: VALLEY CLIMATES [Adapted from www.ybw.com] FIGURE 1.4: CROSS-SECTION OF A COLD FRONT Warm air Cumulonimbus Cold air Stratocumulus Rain Cool air Direction of movement [Source: Examiner's own sketch] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 4 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 1.5: RIVER TYPES Dry river N Orange River [Source: www.scielo.org.za and photographs] FIGURE 1.6: IMPACT OF HUMANS ON DRAINAGE BASINS VAAL RIVER UNDER PRESSURE Sipho Masondo | The Times Live The Vaal River and its catchment system are becoming increasingly toxic/ poisoned – posing a threat to health, the economy and food production in four provinces. Water scientists and other experts describe the Vaal River – which supplies water to Gauteng, the country's economic and industrial powerhouse, as well as to farmers in Gauteng, North West, the Free State and Northern Cape – as 'in crisis' and 'under siege' by polluters. Since the 1990s, the Department of Water Affairs has pumped water from the Lesotho Highlands into the river to supplement the water supply. This water is increasingly needed to dilute the pollution. Said Krige: 'We are using expensive drinking water to sort out the problem of pollution. Dilution is not a solution to pollution.' The water in the Vaal River system will eventually cost far more to treat, leaving companies such as Sasol and Eskom to pay more for the chemicals needed to treat the water before they use it. This will increase their costs. [Adapted from www.timeslive.co.za] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 5 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 2.1: BERG WIND CONDITIONS [Adapted from millarslocal.co.za] FIGURE 2.2: DRAINAGE DENSITY [Source: learnline.cdu.edu.eu] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 6 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 2.3: CYCLONE Descending dry air Dangerous semicircle Eye Spiralling winds Water vapour from the sea [Adapted from Merriam Webster, 2006] FIGURE 2.4: CITY CLIMATE CBD 33,3 °C Suburban Rural 31 °C 29,4 °C Why is it warmer in the city? [Adapted from thinkinginterms.scienceblog] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 7 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 2.5: GROUND WATER Evaporation Precipitation Infiltration Run-off Well Water table Ground water Lake [Adapted from www.pcastate.mn] FIGURE 2.6: DRAINAGE PATTERNS AND LANDSCAPES Drainage patterns Landscapes Ridge Valley Volcanic dome Jointed landscape Fold mountains [Adapted from www.landscapes.com] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 8 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 3.3: TRAFFIC CONGESTION Hours of delay per commuter* per year Hours Year *Commuter – a person who travels between his/her workplace and home each day [Source: www.chron.com/the guardian.com] FIGURE 3.4: INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS BUCKETS, PITS AND POVERTY 26 September 2014, 00:00 By Tiisetso Makube The first thing you notice as you enter Tsakana Extension Six is that the road, or whatever they call it, is almost impassable. But we hesh (as they say in the township, meaning 'hustle') in our small car, to get around. But the going is not easy. There are furrows here and there from soil erosion. There are stones, small boulders even, that really make driving here a difficult exercise. Thousands of residents in various informal settlements across the Western Cape also have no proper access to water and sanitation. Many households, mostly in rural areas and townships, continue to use the bucket system, or remain without access to adequate sanitation services. [Source: Mail & Guardian, Tiisetso Makube, 26 September 2014] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 9 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 3.5: MARKET-ORIENTATED SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Consumer expenditure Wages, rent, dividends Household Bakery [Source: www.atmo.arizona.edu] FIGURE 4.2: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Key Primary industry Secondary industry Tertiary industry [Source: www.leeds.ac.uk] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 10 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 4.3: CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL DEPOPULATION Stagnation setting in … Population Shops close; no trade declines Old people remain Less spending Ghost towns develop Stagnation: No growth taking place [Source: omega7geog.com] FIGURE 4.4: URBAN RENEWAL IN SOUTH AFRICA IN JOHANNESBURG, URBAN RENEWAL MEANS DISPLACEMENT FOR THE POOR By Skylar Reidon, 25 April 2014, 17:34 Jabu Khwela was rehearsing a monologue for his theatre class one morning when he heard the sirens and then the shouting of private security guards outside his home. Minutes later, the 20-year-old student and his family were forced onto the street with all their belongings. Along with 50 other low-income residents, they were being evicted from the living spaces they had informally rented without a contract in an old building in Jeppestown. Khwela's family and their neighbours were displaced to make way for the redevelopment of the gritty (dusty) area into Maboneng, an arts mecca with pricey loft apartments, upmarket cafés and independent movie theatres. [Adapted from http://www.ibtimes.com/johannesburg-once-known-apartheid-gentrification-means- displacement-poor-1576519] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 11 DBE/November 2015 NSC (Annexure) FIGURE 4.5: CATTLE FARMING SOUTH AFRICA'S BEEF INDUSTRY: WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD? 12:00 (GMT+2), Saturday 31 August 2013 By Lloyd Phillips While South Africa has what appears to be a thriving beef industry, its average productivity, compared with that of other countries, shows that it is not achieving its full potential. This is partly due to the low productivity of our informal beef farming sector. This problem needs to be corrected. The South African beef industry is in a position to take advantage of Africa's increasing middle-class expenditure and increased population growth from one billion to two billion people by 2050 – and the associated demand for red meat. In recent years there have been worldwide improvements in beef feeding practices and herd quality through the use of modern technologies. These technologies have failed to find their way into South Africa's informal beef farming sector. Due to several factors, including environmental concerns, the national beef herd cannot be increased, and existing production methods therefore need to be improved. [Adapted from Farmer's Weekly, 31 August 2013] FIGURE 4.6: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EASTERN CAPE Eastern Cape Wild Coast SDI [Source: Examiner's own sketch] Copyright reserved