Geography Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2023 QP (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2023 GEOGRAPHY P1 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 19 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS. SECTION A: QUESTION 1: Climate and Weather (60) QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60) SECTION B: QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30) 2. Answer all THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, for example 1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map (3224BC GRAAFF-REINET (SOUTH) and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map (3224 BC 1 GRAAFF-REINET) are provided. 15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this. 17. You must hand in the topographic and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, example 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 A zone of constant pressure between two cyclones or anticyclones is known as a … A ridge. B trough. C front. D saddle. 1.1.2 A north westerly wind of 20 knots is evident in … A B C D 1.1.3 Anticyclones are associated with … weather conditions and … of air. (i) unstable (ii) stable (iii) divergence (iv) convergence A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.1.4 Berg winds occur when there is a … high pressure cell and a … low pressure cell present. (i) Kalahari (ii) Indian (iii) heat (iv) coastal A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) 1.1.5 The high temperatures associated with berg winds are caused by … heating and the dry conditions is due to air moving from … (i) adiabatic. (ii) advection. (iii) land to sea. (iv) sea to land. A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) 1.1.6 The high moisture content responsible for the formation of line thunderstorms is provided by … winds. A south westerly B north westerly C north easterly D south easterly 1.1.7 Line thunderstorms are associated with the following weather conditions: A torrential rain; snow B hurricane winds; hail C torrential rain; gusty winds D light rain; thunder Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 1.1.8 The coastal low on the map below will at first move in a … direction and then in a … direction. [Source: Examiners own sketch] (i) westerly (ii) easterly (iii) north westerly (iv) north easterly A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.2 The following questions are based on local climates. Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK. Refer to the sketch below to answer QUESTION 1.2.1 to 1.2.4. [Adapted from online.htsenden.co.za] 1.2.1 The wind in the sketch is a/an (anabatic/katabatic) wind. 1.2.2 Slope (A/B) will be the warmer slope. 1.2.3 (Peaches/Oranges) will be planted on the valley floor. 1.2.4 The inversion developed due to the displacement of (warm/cold) air. Refer to the photo below, based on urban climate, to answer QUESTIONS 1.2.5 to 1.2.7. [Source: alarmy.co.za] 1.2.5 The study of climate in a city is known as (macro/micro) climate. 1.2.6 A (pollution dome/heat island) occurs when there is an accumulation of soot, dust, and smoke over the city. 1.2.7 (Artificial surfaces/Urban activities) is the factor that contributes to higher temperatures over the city in the photograph below. (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 1.3 Refer to the infographic below on mid-latitude cyclones. CROSS SECTION WEATHER MAP [Source: physicalgeography.net] [Source: thundereducation.com] THOUSANDS OF HOMES IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS DAMAGED IN CAPE TOWN STORMS Cape Town – Torrential rains and flooding have damaged thousands of informal structures in and around Cape Town, Disaster Risk Management (DRM) said on Friday. The city’s metropole was struck by heavy rains, gale- force winds, high seas, and plummeting (dropping) temperatures this week. On Wednesday, the city saw flooding in informal settlements and roads, with rain and thunder, and heavy snowfall recorded in the northern and Overberg regions of the Western Cape. DRM spokesperson Charlotte Powell said the rains caused substantial flooding in informal settlements across the city. [Adapted from lol.co.za] 1.3.1 According to the infographic, in which direction does the mid-latitude cyclone move? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Why do cumulonimbus clouds develop ahead of the cold front?(1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Why does the type of rainfall at B differ from the rainfall at A? (1 x 2) (2) Refer to the weather map. 1.3.4 Give evidence that a warm front occlusion developed. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.5 How did the warm front occlusion develop? (2 x 2) (4) Refer to the extract. 1.3.6 State ONE element of weather that is associated with a cold front according to the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.7 Explain how the weather conditions associated with a mid-latitude cyclone would negatively impact the residents in the informal settlements. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing the path of tropical cyclone Freddy. [Source: Snow Report SA Facebook page] 1.4.1 How many tropical cyclones developed before FREDDY? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 In which country did FREDDY first make landfall? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.4.2. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Why did FREDDY intensify between the 22nd and the 23rd? (2 x 2) (4) Refer to X on the satellite image. 1.4.5 Name X as indicated on the satellite image. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.6 Mention ONE weather condition of X. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.7 Describe the reason for the weather condition mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.6. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.8 How will the weather surrounding X negatively impact the coastal biodiversity of Mozambique? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 1.5 Refer to factors that influence the weather over South Africa in winter. [Source: Examiner’s own sketches] 1.5.1 Identify the TWO factors in sketch A that influences the weather of South Africa. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.2 How would the position of the South Atlantic HP influence the weather of the west coast of South Africa in winter? (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.3 Why is the Kalahari HP dominant over the land in winter? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 How does the dominant Kalahari high pressure cell influence the presence of the inversion layer in sketch B? (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how the position of the inversion layer will bring clear and stable weather conditions over the interior of the country in winter. (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, example 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 Rivers that flow after heavy rainfall Y seasonal only in arid areas Z episodic 2.1.2 Tributaries joining at acute angles Y dendritic Z rectangular 2.1.3 Factors that influence higher Y gentle slope; dense drainage density Z vegetation steep slope; sparse vegetation 2.1.4 A fluvial landform which forms at a Y delta point where the river enters the sea Z braided stream 2.1.5 Side view of a river from source to Y cross profile mouth Z longitudinal profile 2.1.6 A feature associated with Y wind gap rejuvenation Z paired terraces 2.1.7 There are waterfalls and dams along Y graded the course of the river profile Z ungraded 2.1.8 Process of the watershed changing Y abstraction position Z rejuvenation (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 2.2 Refer to the sketch of a meander. Choose the correct word/letter from those given in brackets. Write only the word/letter next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK. [Source: www.google.com] 2.2.1 Meanders generally form in the (upper/lower) course of the river. 2.2.2 Deposition occurs at (A/B). 2.2.3 River flow is rapid at (A/B). 2.2.4 The river cliff is likely to develop at (A/B). 2.2.5 B is called the (slip-off/undercut) slope. 2.2.6 The meander loop at A is likely to develop into a (floodplain/ox-bow lake). 2.2.7 A canoeist (person who paddles a boat) is likely to favour the bank at (A/B). (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 2.3 Refer to the sketch on waterfalls and rapids. [Source: cfdsupport.com] 2.3.1 Name the stage of the river in which waterfalls and rapids form. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Identify the type of flow at A in the sketch. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 How does gradient influence the type of flow (your answer to QUESTION 2.3.2)? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 How will less resistant rock strata (soft rocks) and more resistant rock strata (hard rocks) lead to the formation of waterfalls. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Explain how the waterfall will eventually retreat upstream over time. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.6 What impact will waterfalls and rapids have on infrastructural development along the river? (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 13 2.4 Refer to the sketch on river capture. [Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_capture] 2.4.1 Define river capture. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 How does gradient in sketch X (past) cause river capture? (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Identify the streams at A and B in sketch Y after river capture has taken place. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 How would the physical (natural) environment negatively be influenced by the stream at B? (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Explain the physical (natural) changes that stream A will undergo after river capture has taken place. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

14 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 2.5 Refer to the extract on catchment and river management. SEWAGE POLLUTION IN THE NORTHERN CAPE IS KILLING THE PROVINCE’S LIFELINE – THE ORANGE RIVER A Northern Cape Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) has filed criminal complaints against the municipal managers of 11 towns in eight municipalities over “rampant” (widespread) sewage pollution that threatens agricultural exports, the quality of drinking water in the province and the health and livelihoods of the towns’ residents. “The only lifeline of the entire province is the Orange River and it’s being contaminated (polluted) with sewage,” said Fritz Bekker, one of the founders of Gariep Watch. Environmental monitoring by Gariep Watch has been underway since 2017. It manages the only chemical, bacteriological and biological water quality database on the lower Vaal and lower Orange River. There is a R10 billion export industry downstream from these municipalities, which poses a risk to the export industry, the main crops being table grapes and raisins. “It is not only the problem with the export industry, it is jobs that will be lost as well,” he added. [Adapted from and article by Sheree Benga in the Daily Maverick] 2.5.1 According to the Northern Cape NGO, what type of pollution is affecting 11 towns? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Name the primary economic activity mentioned in the article that is directly threatened by this type of pollution (mentioned in QUESTION 2.5.1). (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Why is the Orange River ‘a lifeline’ to the economic activity mentioned in QUESTION 2.5.2? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 Why is river management so important in the lower Vaal and Orange rivers? (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.5 State the economic impact of poor river management in the lower course of the Vaal and Orange rivers? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest sustainable strategies that can be implemented in order to maintain the quality of water in the lower Vaal and Orange River. (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 15 SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON GRAAFF-REINET Coordinates: 32°15′08″S 24°32′26″E Graaff-Reinet, the heart of the “Great Karoo” is surrounded by the Camdeboo National Park in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The Sneeuberg Mountain Range surrounds the town. The town lies in the horse-shoe bend of the Sundays River and boasts more proclaimed national monuments than any other South African town. In Graaff-Reinet, the summers are hot; the winters are short, cold, dry, and windy; and it is mostly clear year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 5 °C to 33 °C. Rain falls in Graaff-Reinet is seasonal. The month with the most rain is February, with an average rainfall of 53 mm and the least rainfall is in July, with an average rainfall of 13 mm. [Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Graaff-Reinet ] The following English term and their translations are shown on the topographic map: ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Canal Kanaal Furrow Voor Golf course Gholfbaan Weir Studam Copyright reserved Please turn over

16 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 3.1 MAPWORK SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 The total annual change of the magnetic declination in 2023 is … west of true north. A 1°07' B 25°07' C 1°38' D 26°45' (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 The index to sheets (map references) grid below indicates the location of the current map of 3224BC Graaff-Reinet (shaded), within the 32° to 33° south latitudes and 24° to 25° longitudes. (a) Give the index to sheet (map reference) of the map south east of the current map. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Provide the grid reference (degrees (°) and minutes (') of 3324BC GRAAFF-REINET. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Calculate the straight-line distance (in meters) of the arterial route (R63) from F (block C4) to G (block D4). Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations. (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 17 3.1.4 Refer to the cross-sections below which are found on the orthophoto map. (a) Which cross-section represents 1 to 2 on the orthophoto map? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Determine the vertical exaggeration (VE) of the cross section, if the vertical scale (VS) is 1 : 2 000. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations. VS Formule: HS (3 x 1) (3) 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 The evidence on the topographical map that supports the statement that the rainfall in Graaf-Reinet is seasonal is … and … (i) soil erosion (ii) furrows (iii) non-perennial rivers (iv) perennial rivers A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

18 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 3.2.2 The high-lying area H in block B5, on the topographical map, is a … because it separates … from one another. (i) watershed (ii) interfluve (iii) tributaries (iv) drainage basins A (i) and (iii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (iii) and (iv) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 Refer to the valley at J in blocks B4/B5. (a) Which slope (X or Y) is warmer? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Give reason for your choice to QUESTION 3.2.3(a). (1 x 2) (2) (c) How do the slopes cause katabatic winds during the night in the valley? (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.4 Refer to slope 3 on the orthophoto map. (a) Name slope 3 of the ‘horse-shoe’ bend (meander) of the Sundays River. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Explain the fluvial process that dominates at slope 3. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Refer to the topographical map. (a) Identify the dominant drainage pattern in blocks B1/2 and C1/2. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Why did the pattern (answer to QUESTION 3.2.5(a)) develop in the area? (1 x 1) (1) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) Refer to area 4, on the ortho photo map, which has been buffered. 3.3.1 What is a buffer zone/area? (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Name the type of vector data that has been used to buffer the river, indicated by letter 4. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 What is the environmental importance of buffering the zone indicated by letter 4? (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) GEOGRAPHY P1 19 Refer to the encircled area L on the topographical map. 3.3.4 The encircled area L is experiencing a veldfire and the authorities are using remote sensing to help manage the veldfire. (a) Name ONE component of GIS that is being used to gather information about the veldfire. (1 x 1) (1) (b) How will remote sensing assist the authorities to manage the veldfire in the encircled area? (1 x 2) (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over