Geography Grade 12 IEB Paper 2 2018 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2018 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II MARKING GUIDELINES Time: 1½ hours 100 marks These marking guidelines are prepared for use by examiners and sub-examiners, all of whom are required to attend a standardisation meeting to ensure that the guidelines are consistently interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates' scripts. The IEB will not enter into any discussions or correspondence about any marking guidelines. It is acknowledged that there may be different views about some matters of emphasis or detail in the guidelines. It is also recognised that, without the benefit of attendance at a standardisation meeting, there may be different interpretations of the application of the marking guidelines. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 2 of 16 Figure 1: Location Map of Bethlehem in the Free State Bethlehem has grown rapidly as a service Bethlehem has grown rapidly as a service centre with a good rail and road network connecting it to Johannesburg, Harrismith and Bloemfontein. The area boasts fertile land with wheat as a major crop. The town lies at an altitude of 1 700 m and this contributes to its cooler climate with frosty winters and mild summers. [Source: Examiner's description] QUESTION 1 ATLAS USE, MAP ORIENTATION AND TECHNIQUES 1.1 Refer to the location map above (Figure 1), as well as the topographic map extract 2828 AB and 2828 AD to answer the questions that follow. Tick the correct box. 1.1.1 The province labelled A in Figure 1 above is … Limpopo X North West Gauteng Mpumalanga 1.1.2 The neighbouring country labelled B in Figure 1 above is … Swaziland Mozambique Lesotho X Zimbabwe 1.1.3 Johannesburg is … of Bethlehem. NE NW NNW X NNE IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 3 of 16 1.1.4 The approximate distance from Bethlehem to Johannesburg is … (use Figure 1). 200 km 225 km 275 km X 300 km 1.1.5 (a) The Ballyduff smallholdings (D4) rely on underground water for irrigating their crops. True X False (b) Justify your answer to Question 1.1.5 (a). There are a number of windmills to pump underground water. The reservoirs are too small to hold enough water. There is only a small nonperennial stream that runs through the area. NOTE: FALSE can be accepted provided the justification is correct, i.e. they don’t rely on underground water because there is the Saulspoort Dam to supply water for irrigation OR because of the numerous small dams. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 4 of 16 1.2 Photograph 1 was taken on the outskirts of Bethlehem on the R26 toward Retief and Warden. Photograph 1 [Source: Examiner's photograph] 1.2.1 Study positions 1, 2, 3 and 4 on R26 on the topographic map extract. At which position was the photographer standing? Tick the correct option. 1 2 X 3 4 1.2.2 Account for your answer to Question 1.2.1 using evidence from the topographic map extract. The powerlines that run to the top of the hill are evident on the map as well as in this photo. The communications tower as well as the top of Bird Cage Hill are almost directly opposite from where the picture was taken. There is a built up area of low cost housing visible in the left photo. Any one answer. 1.2.3 State the direction in which Photograph 1 was taken. East, East South East or Southeast (accept acronyms) IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 5 of 16 1.2.4 (a) Determine whether the diggings (D4) are visible from where the photographer stood. Yes No X Answer can be YES or NO, based on 1.2.4b’s justification, see below in 1.2.4b (b) Using evidence from the topographic map extract, account for your answer to Question 1.2.4 (a). Bird Cage Hill is clearly an obstacle in the way. The following variations of 1.2.4a and b can be accepted. If position 1.2.1 is … 4 – Yes, it is visible, nothing physical in the way 3 – Yes, it is visible, top of a hill and can be seen 1 – No, built up area in the way If any of these answers are given reference must be made to position given in 1.2.1 and justification must be correct. 1.2.5 Refer to Figure 2. Figure 2: The gradient from A to B in Photograph 1 Using the data in Figure 2, calculate the gradient between A and B. (a) Gradient: 1 : 8,3 (accept 8,25 or 8, only 1 mark) Calculations: Difference in height: 1 735 –1 671 = 64 m IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 6 of 16 Distance between the two points: 528 m HS  1 : 10 000 Gradient = VS  1 : 2 000 (1 method mark can be allocated in the calculation for a CORRECT method, no mark awarded for a formula only). (b) Circle the word that best describes the slope shown in Figure 2. Concave convex flat gentle steep very steep 1.3 Geographic techniques and orthophoto interpretation 1.3.1 Study the orthophoto map extract 2828 AB 24 SAULSPOORT DAM. This area is covered by the purple square drawn on the topographic map extract. Draw a cross section on the graph paper below from position S (E8) north of Coenana Farm to trigonometric station 49 at 1 784,4 m (D8 and D9). A vertical scale of 1 cm : 20 m has been provided for you. This will be inserted onto graph paper. If candidates drew a cross section using the topographic map and alternative cross section is provided. This is on the following page. Start and end points MUST be at the rights height – 2 marks, Orientation of S to trig station 49 – 1 mark, Shape must show down, a valley and then steeply up the other side – 3 marks IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 7 of 16 1.3.2 Fill in and label the position of the following on the cross section:  the Saulspoort Dam  any road 1.3.3 Determine the vertical scale of the cross section as a ratio. 1 : 2 000 1.3.4 Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. 5 times. Alternatively if c/s was drawn on 1:50000 (above) 25 times is the correct answer. Calculations: HS  1 : 10 000 VS  1 : 2 000 = 5 times If there is a mistake in 1.3.3 and it is carried through here and the correct method is used –1 mark can be allocated. A formula only does not constitute a mark. There must be a method. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 8 of 16 1.4 Photograph 2 is of a scene simulating landing a plane at Bethlehem Aerodrome/Airport (E3 and E4). This picture shows the southern runway, Runway ONE on the topographic map extract. Photograph 3 shows the landing fees at Bethlehem Aerodrome/Airport. Photograph 2 Photograph 3 [Source: <https://flyawaysimulation.com>] [Source: Examiner's photograph] A pilot is completing the preflight information that is needed to program into the light aircraft's (weighing 2 400 kg) GPS navigation system. Complete the preflight checklist below with the information needed to make a successful flight. SIX local flights will be completed during the day. 1.4.1 Number of runways at 2 Bethlehem Aerodrome/Airport 1.4.2 The landing cost of six trips today R90 × 6 = R540 1.4.3 Bearing of Runway ONE (landing 96° 28' (accept 94°–98°) in an easterly direction) 1.4.4 The magnetic declination for Change is 3' W pa Difference in years – 2018–2010 – 2018 is … 8 yrs … = 8 × 3' = 24' change Calculations: (1 method mark can be allocated here if this calculation is correct) 21° 04' W of TN in 2010 24' W change = 21° 28'W of TN in 2018 1.4.5 Magnetic bearing for a pilot to 96 + 21 = 117° Follow through from 1.4.3 means range land on Runway ONE in 2018 can be from 115–119, 1 method mark can would be … be awarded if figures used show correct method. 1.4.6 Co-ordinates of the eastern end S – 28° 14' 56" (accept 54"–58") of Runway ONE to enter into the GPS E – 28° 30' 31" (accept 29"–33") If minutes are incorrect then position is incorrect and no further marks can be awarded. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 9 of 16 QUESTION 2 FLUVIAL PROCESSES, CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2.1 Study the Fact File and Photograph 4 of the Saulspoort Dam below. Fact File: Photograph 4 Saulspoort Dam supplies Bethlehem with domestic water. The water level when the dam is full is at 1 627,3 m above sea level. The dam wall is in block D5. The water exits north into block C5. [Source: Department for Water Affairs] 2.1.1 Using information from the topographic map extract and Photograph 4 estimate from the options below what the correct bottom level is. Hint: bottom level is the lowest point of the dam along the original river course. 1 415 m 1 523 m 1 616 m X 1 640 m 2.1.2 Using evidence from Photograph 4, substantiate why the dam is at full capacity. You can see the water flowing over the dam wall and down the sluices. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 10 of 16 2.2 Study the satellite photograph of the river below and the map extract of the area just north of the dam wall and the Skulpspruit Farm in C5 and C6 indicated by Y on the photograph. Photograph 5: Skulpspruit Farm; Bethlehem [Source: Google Earth] 2.2.1 What type of fluvial feature is evident at X in Photograph 5? Tick the correct option. Waterfall Meander X Oxbow lake Paired terraces 2.2.2 (a) Is the river at peak flow in this image? Circle the correct answer. YES / NO (yes can be accepted provided justification below in (b) is correct. (b) Substantiate your answer with evidence from Photograph 5 and the topographic map extract. The water lines are way below the level of the floodplain as indicated by the tree line. The actual river channel is a very narrow line compared to the floodplain which is covered by IEB Copyright © 2018 vegetation. PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 11 of 16 Reference could be made to the dam upstream controlling the flow of the river and therefore it isn’t at peak flow. If the answer is YES to 2.2.2a then substantiation is as follows: The floodplains appear dark due to riparian vegetation. This darkness makes it appear to be well watered and full. The presence of marshes and swamps would indicate that it is full. 2.3 Describe why the farm buildings at Skulpspruit (located at Y on Photograph 5) are located in an ideal microclimatic position. The farm, at 1 660 m, is located away from the frost pocket at the bottom of the valley at 1 620 m. The farm will experience katabatic winds at night but, because of its location in the thermal belt, it will be warmer, especially on the "cold frosty nights" (fact file). The farm is situated on the North facing and therefore, warmer slopes. The water in the river has a moderating effect on the temperature. NO reference can be made to site factors, answer specifically referred to microclimatic factors. 2.4 Study the tributaries of the Liebenbergsvlei River in blocks F11 and F12 of the topographic map extract. Figure 3 is a GIS-generated map of the same area showing the rivers and erosion. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 12 of 16 Figure 3 2.4.1 Calculate the area of the drainage basin indicated by the dotted line in Figure 3. Area: m2 Calculations: Roughly 30 squares at (200 m × 200 m = 40 000 m2) = 1 200 000 m2 Accept any number of blocks from 28 (1 120 000 m2) to 32 (1 280 000 m2) If other, less accurate methods are used and answers range from 1 000 000 to 1 100 000 or 1 300 000 to 1 400 000 = 2 marks for answer. 2.4.2 Circle the type of data evident on this GIS-generated map (Figure 3). Vector Raster IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 13 of 16 2.4.3 Circle THREE types of attribute data that best describe the Liebenbergsvlei River tributaries found in blocks F11 and F12. Perennial Non-perennial Episodic Periodic Exotic Dendritic Parallel Haphazard 2.4.4 Give ONE possible reason for the erosion evident in F11.  Cattle may have caused degradation of soils and, after heavy rainfall, water removes topsoil.  Slope is steep giving water more erosive capability.  Slope may not be vegetated meaning topsoil is washed away.  Underlying rock may be impermeable creating lots of runoff and therefore erosion.  Poor farming methods result in erosion.  Water flowing quickly giving it more erosive capability.  NO marks awarded for reference to heavy rainfall only or flooding only. 2.4.5 A dotted line shows the drainage basin of this system in Figure 3. Define the term drainage basin. An area drained by a river and all of its tributaries. NO reference made to a catchment area. 2.5 Circle the correct underlined word to complete the sentence below. The drainage density of the stream network in Figure 3 could be described as high / medium / low and the river's texture could be described as medium / coarse / fine. 2.6 2.6.1 Tabulate the stream orders of the drainage basin in Figure 3 in the table below. Stream order 1 2 3 Number of streams 15 5 1 IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 14 of 16 2.6.2 Comment on how stream ordering can be used as a predictor of flooding. There are many (15) order-1 streams that will feed water into order-2 and order-3 streams quite quickly and there may be flooding in their areas. There is a relatively short distance between the order-1 and order-3 streams so the area is prone to erosion as a result of frequent flooding. Lots of order-1 streams = higher chance of flooding. Alternatively Less order-1 streams = less likely chance of flooding Higher bifurcation ratio = higher chance of flooding NOT reference to many higher order streams = more chance of flooding IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 15 of 16 QUESTION 3 SETTLEMENT AND THE ECONOMY Study the topographic map extracts in Figures 4 and 5 below. Figure 4 – Land use around Loch Lomond Figure 5 – Land use around Loch Lomond 3.1 Refer to the map extracts above. Which is the more recent map of the area, Figure 4 or Figure 5? Explain your answer. Figure 4 is more recent. There is development of infrastructure (most noticeably housing in Bohlokong) that would have happened in the past 20 years. Vegetation was cleared in the development of Bohlokong. Reference could have been made to the dam becoming bigger too. IEB Copyright © 2018 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 16 of 16 3.2 Referring to Figure 4, draw a land-use sketch map for the area in Bethlehem. Use the template provided below. It must have a legend or key. Legend or Key Features Symbol Railway lines Roads Bodies of water Buildings (use topographic symbology) Other features 2 marks for railway (1 for accuracy, 1 for complete and there) 2 marks for roads (1 for accuracy, 1 for complete and there) 2 marks for bodies of water (1 for accuracy, 1 for complete and there) 1 mark for buildings 1 mark for other features 1 mark for complete legend 2 mark overall presentation (use of colour, neatness) If the incorrect area of Bethlehem (e.g. blocks D/E 1/2) was drawn, a maximum of TWO marks can be awarded for the presentation of the map. Total: 100 marks IEB Copyright © 2018