Geography Grade 12 IEB Paper 2 2019 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2019 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II MARKING GUIDELINES Time: 1½ hours 100 marks These marking guidelines are prepared for use by examiners and sub-examiners, all of whom are required to attend a standardisation meeting to ensure that the guidelines are consistently interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates' scripts. The IEB will not enter into any discussions or correspondence about any marking guidelines. It is acknowledged that there may be different views about some matters of emphasis or detail in the guidelines. It is also recognised that, without the benefit of attendance at a standardisation meeting, there may be different interpretations of the application of the marking guidelines. IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 2 of 17 Figure 1 – Location map of Underberg in KwaZulu-Natal Underberg is situated in the foothills of the southern Drakensberg in KwaZulu-Natal. It is an administrative service centre with dairy and cattle farming as its major economic activities. Tourism is the second- largest contributor to the economy with Underberg being the gateway to the southern Drakensberg and being the host of Splashy Fen, one of South Africa's premier music festivals. Underberg also serves as a trading centre for the people of Lesotho who use Sani Pass to enter South Africa. [Source: Examiner] QUESTION 1 ATLAS USE, MAP ORIENTATION AND TECHNIQUES 1.1 Refer to the location map above (Figure 1), as well as the topographic map extract 2929CB, 2929CD, 2929DA and 2929DC, UNDERBERG to answer the questions that follow. Tick the correct box. 1.1.1 The river labelled A in Figure 1 above is the … River. Fish Orange Thukela Mzimkhulu X 1.1.2 The major port labelled B in Figure 1 above is … Nqura Durban Saldanha X Cape Town IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 3 of 17 1.1.3 The province labelled C in Figure 1 is … KwaZulu-Natal North West Eastern Cape X Western Cape 1.1.4 The Sani Pass Border Control (A2/3) is roughly 42 km from Underberg. It is the border between South Africa and … Lesotho X Zimbabwe Swaziland Botswana 1.1.5 The length of the river marked A in Figure 1 is approximately … 100 km 175 km X 250 km 375 km 1.1.6 The river marked A in Figure 1 flows in a … direction. south-easterly X north-westerly southerly east-south-easterly 1.1.7 The Splashy Fen Musical Festival is an example of a … economic activity. primary secondary tertiary X quaternary 1.1.8 The central meridian on the topographic map extract is 29 °E. True X False IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 4 of 17 1.1.9 The Lesotho Highlands Water Transfer Scheme provides most of Gauteng's water by pumping water from Lesotho into the Vaal River system. True X False 1.1.10 The river labelled A in Figure 1 flows into the Atlantic Ocean. True False X 1.2 The map extract provided is a composite of four maps covering Underberg and the surrounding areas (2929CB, 2929CD, 2929DA and 2929DC) and is shown below in grid format. Estcourt 29 °E 30 °E 29 °S UNDERBERG 30 °S 1.2.1 Indicate with a dot and label where Underberg – 2929CD is found. (No need to use a dot or a label, any indication acceptable.) 1.2.2 Using the information provided on the grid above, give the map code for Estcourt. 2829 DD (1 for latitude, 1 for longitude, 1 for D and 1 for second D) Each mark can be marked separately. IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 5 of 17 1.3 The following information on the display of a smart watch shows a hike in the Mkhomazi Wilderness Area from Cobham Camp (E2) to Ngwenya Cave (B2). The exact hiking route is highlighted in orange in Figure 2 and on the topographic map extract. Figure 2 – Hiking information from a smart watch 1.3.1 Calculate the gradient of the hike. (a) Height difference: Cobham: 1 640 m – 1 620 m Ngwenya: 1 820 m – 1 780 m 140 m – 200 m (accept anywhere in between) The distance from Cobham to Ngwenya (refer to Figure 2 ONLY) is 7,25 km. (b) Gradient 1: accept anywhere between 1:36,3 and 1:51,8. Calculations Height 140 200 Gradient = Distance 7 250 7 250 = 51, 8 = 36, 3 (method mark is given for converting 7,25 km into 7 250 m ONLY) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 6 of 17 1.3.2 (a) Draw a sketch cross section on the axes below, from Cobham Camp to Ngwenya Cave along the orange line (the hiking trail) indicated. Ngwenya Cave 3 clear sections must be seen Cobham Camp (1 mark for each level. Unifrom concave slope can be awarded max 2 marks. Award 1 mark for a start and/or end at correct height. Uniform slope with height can be awarded 3 marks) (b) Is Ngwenya Cave visible from Cobham Camp? Yes No X 1.3.3 Using the topographic map extract, choose the most appropriate true bearing from Cobham Camp to Ngwenya Cave. 84° 174° 264° 354° X 1.3.4 The magnetic declination for the topographic map extract for 2019 is … 24° 15' W 25° 51' W 24° 36' W 24° 51' W X Calculations 24° 15' in 2015, change is 4 years @ 9' W pa = 36' Plus 36' = 24° 51' W of TN (NOTE: no method marks awarded here) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 7 of 17 1.3.5 Consider a hiker using a conventional compass. Calculate the magnetic bearing for the hike from Cobham Camp to Ngwenya Cave for 2019. 018° 51' Calculations: MB = TB + MD 354° + 24° 51' = 018° 51' (Method mark can be awarded if a MB and TB are added together. If no calculation is shown, but 378° 51’ is given as answer, only award 1 method mark. If ONLY 378° is given, NO mark is awarded) 1.3.6 Provide the coordinates for Ngwenya Cave (use the symbol on topographic map extract). Latitude – 29 ° 39 ' 20 "S (accept 17–25'') Longitude – 29 ° 24 ' 25 "E (accept 21–28'') (Minutes and seconds awarded marks. If latitude is wrong, the minutes and seconds (even if correct) cannot be awarded marks as it is the wrong position) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 8 of 17 1.4 PHOTO ANALYSIS Study Photograph 1 below showing the view the hiker had of the Sani Pass Hotel and Golf Course during the hike. This is taken from position E on the topographic map extract. Photograph 1 – View of the Sani Pass Hotel [Source: Examiner's photo] 1.4.1 (a) The photograph shown above is an example of a … vertical photograph high oblique photograph X low oblique photograph false colour photograph (b) Provide ONE advantage of this type of photograph. Specific to oblique photo – A large area can be photographed. Relief is quite easy to identify. Height differences can be seen. Colour photo shows clear, real-life detail. Horizon only – no marks 1.4.2 (a) During which season do you think this photo was taken? Winter X Summer IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 9 of 17 (b) Provide one reason, using photographic evidence, for your answer to Question 1.4.2 (a). The photograph shows the landscape being very brown and dry. This area gets very little rain in winter and the frequent frosts "kill" the grass. River is low, floodplain evident Fire breaks evident in photo 1.4.3 State the direction the photographer was facing when the photograph was taken. NE or ENE or E 1.4.4 The picture shows the Mkhomazana River that flows past the hotel. Evidence in this picture proves that the river is in its middle course. Circle the features in the block below that support this statement. meandering superimposed drainage flat land rejuvenation turbulent flow (If 3 are circled with 2 out of 3 correct, award max 1 mark. If 4 or 5 circled – no marks awarded) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 10 of 17 QUESTION 2 THEMATIC MAPS, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, FLUVIAL PROCESSES, VALLEY CLIMATES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2.1 Study the aerial photograph 2929CD of Cobham (E2). 2.1.1 At approximately what time was the photograph taken? 06:00 10:00 X 14:00 18:00 2.1.2 Provide a reason for your answer above using photographic evidence. Shadows are being cast on the south-western/western side of trees, therefore sun is in the east. 06:00 is too early for these shadows: they would have been longer. Reference must be made to the photo showing shadows in W/SW direction, not just sun rising in the east (this isn’t visible on the photo). 2.2 Three features / land use (F, G and H) are labelled on the photograph. Identify them. F – Timber Dam or Dam only, perennial water, lake also accepted. G – Cultivated land / farmland / agricultural land also accepted. H – A fire break or any reference to burning (white outlined polygon shape), or Mkomazi protected area/ nature reserve or hiking trail. IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 11 of 17 2.3 Study Figure 3 below of the Trout Beck River drainage basin (it has been marked with a purple outline on the topographic map extract). This river drains into the Pholela River further south. Answer the question below. Figure 3 – Trout Beck River drainage basin There is one dominant drainage pattern evident in this basin. Circle the words in the list below that best describe the rivers evident in this drainage basin. deranged perennial dendritic radial trellis non-perennial (If 3 are circled with 2 out of 3 correct, award max 1 mark. If 4 or 5 circled – no marks awarded) 2.4 2.4.1 Describe the drainage density and texture of this river system. Density: the density is high/ medium density with many first order streams in the drainage basin. Texture: Fine. 2.4.2 Identify ONE factor, evident on the topographical map, which could give rise to this type of drainage density and texture. Relief is steep/mountains/contours close together, leading to runoff and higher density. Slopes are most likely grassy or hard/impermeable/resistant leading to runoff and higher density. IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 12 of 17 2.5 Study the stream ordering table below of the Trout Beck River system. Stream Order 1 2 3 4 Number of 26 5 2 1 Calculate the bifurcation ratio for this river system. 3.2 Calculations 26/5 = 5,2 5/2 = 2,5 all three orders calculated correctly for 1 mark 2/1 = 2 5,2 + 2,5 + 2 = 9,7 all three orders added up correctly for 1 mark 9.7 / 3 (total to be divided by 3 for 1 mark) = 3,2 MAX 3 method marks if answer above is incorrect. If answer above is 3, look for method marks. For 4 marks 3.2 must be given 2.6 2.6.1 The hiker mentioned in Question 1.3 spent the evening in the cave. At around 04:00 a bitterly cold wind was felt in the cave. Describe the site of the cave on the topographical map extract. The cave is midway up the slope of a valley. Close to water source. Aspect – reference to north-facing slope. Located in the thermal belt/inversion layer. On the side of a steep mountain. 2.6.2 (a) Name the wind that was likely to have been experienced by the hiker in the cave mentioned in Question 2.6.1. Choose the correct answer. Anabatic Katabatic X Berg Upslope (b) Account for the direction of these winds using topographic map evidence. The cave is halfway up the slope/valley and therefore the winds will blow down the slope and pass through the cave at night. (Reference must be made to the position of the cave with air moving down the slope.) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 13 of 17 2.7 Account for the snow on the peaks of the mountains in photograph 2 below. The photograph is taken from position "I" on the topographic map extract. Provide ONE climatological reason. Peaks are at higher altitude and therefore precipitation turns to snow. The scenario is in winter with colder temps at high altitude. Reference could be made to a passing cold front but there must be reference to snow falling at higher altitudes. Photograph 2 – snow-covered peaks at position I [Source: Examiner's photo] 2.8 Study photograph 3 below of Hazeldene (at J in D8). Photograph 3 – Hazeldene [Source: Examiner's photo] 2.8.1 Name the climatological feature clearly evident in photograph 3 above. Radiation fog, fog, temp inversion or mist IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 14 of 17 2.8.2 With the aid of an annotated sketch, show how this feature develops. TWO valid points (there must be reference to cold air at the bottom of the valley meeting warmer air that has been displaced then reaching condensation point in the form of fog. Evidence of a thermal belt/temp inversion). 2.9 The following information is taken from the Advanced Fire Information Systems (AFIS) website (Figure 4 below). It uses remote sensing to show fires in the Underberg area. Photograph 4 below shows a fire burning close to farmland in B5. Figure 4 – AFIS viewer showing low intensity fires for 17 August 2018 [Source: <https://southernafrica.afis.co.za/>] IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 15 of 17 Photograph 4 – Fire evident on the Sani Pass Road at B5 [Source: Examiner's photo] 2.9.1 The base map used in the AFIS viewer is an example of ... (circle the correct answer). raster data / vector data 2.9.2 AFIS also has an application for smart phones. Analyse how local dairy and cattle farmers can use the app, along with other weather-related apps, to help contain fires in their area? Farmer can instantly view any runaway fires and check to see if they are in the vicinity of their farms. By checking weather-related apps and looking at wind direction (as an example) they are able to see whether the fire will spread in their direction. They could also use this map to plan the burning of firebreaks or to see where the closest water point is to help fight fires. Weather apps could be used to identify days when fire could potentially break out (berg wind etc.) and to take associated preventative measures. Reference to two developed points can be awarded 2 × 2 = 4 or 4 simple points 4 × 1 = 4. Answer does not need to refer to AFIS directly, it can relate to only other weather apps. IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 16 of 17 QUESTION 3 LOCAL ECONOMY, SETTLEMENT 3.1 There are two clear built-up areas on this topographic map extract – Underberg (J7) and Himeville (G/H8). Complete the table below. Underberg Himeville town local service centre 3.1.1 Classification on (could also say major (could also say minor urban hierarchy country town) country town) 3.1.2 Dominant street linear, could accept grid irregular pattern iron or rectangular high medium high 3.1.3 Population low density (circle the medium most likely) Low could also be low accepted here based on the shading in the conventional symbols/key churches school post office police station 3.1.4 Services available recreational ground post office (use map golf course recreational ground evidence train station (rail services) landing strip available) cemetery cemetery communications tower for (any one) cell phone services (any one) primary (farming or forestry) 3.1.5 Dominant tertiary (tourism/ primary (farming/forestry) economic activity trading centre/ tertiary (tourism) admin service centre) IEB Copyright © 2019 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – MARKING GUIDELINES Page 17 of 17 3.2 Study the photographs in the table below taken around the Underberg and Himeville areas and state whether the accompanying statements are true or false. NB – Provide a reason if your answer is false, or a supporting fact if it is true. Statement True / False + reason 3.2.1 Tarring the Sani Pass road (currently TRUE – they will lose 4×4 only) (A3) will business as normal negatively impact sedans will be able to on tourism use the road. People businesses like won't need guided Sani Pass Tours drives. (who does 4×4 tours up the pass). 3.2.2 Goxhill Farm (G/H 9/10) is an example FALSE – extensive of intensive commercial dairy subsistence farming. farming. 3.2.3 Underberg serves TRUE – yes, people in the local area as a the surrounding area service centre. are drawn to Underberg to provide them with daily services and retail goods. 3.2.4 The KFC in TRUE – this is a less- Underberg is an specialised function example of a lower found in settlements of order service. all sizes drawing a smaller threshold population and smaller range. 3.2.5 This settlement at FALSE – the Goxhill Goxhill (G10) is an settlement rely on example of market subsistence farming for gardening. their own products. Answer could also reference extensive commercial farming taking place around Goxhill. (Question refers to 'settlement at Goxhill'). The settlement has dry, barren lands therefore most likely subsistence [Source: Examiner's photos] Total: 100 marks IEB Copyright © 2019